Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The vegetation of mainland Southeast Asia is less known to science. This article introduces the studies up to now on the vegetation of mainland Southeast Asia (Indochina peninsula), and describes the main forest vegetation types based on fragmentary information and field visits. Seven main terraneous and wet land forest vegetation types, including coniferous forest, coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest, tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest, tropical rain forest, tropical seasonal moist forest, tropical monsoon forest, and dry thorny thickets/woodland (savanna), are recognized. Of them, the coniferous forest includes two subtypes: temperate coniferous forest and tropical coniferous forest; the coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest includes also two subtypes: warm temperate and temperate coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forests; and the tropical rain forest includes four main vegetation subtypes: tropical lowland evergreen rain forest, tropical seasonal rain forest (tropical lowland semi-evergreen rain forest), tropical montane rain forest, and peat swamp forest. The study history of the vegetation in the region, its classification, physiognomic characteristics, and dominant species composition, are also concisely introduced.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans. Se deficiency can result in many diseases such as Keshan and Kashin-Beck diseases, and can cause immune deficiency and even cancer. However, most Se supplements in the market come from inorganic Se addition, which are unsafe and expensive. Natural Se sand is a readily available product which is air permeable and watertight. It is a kind of good matrix for producing Se enrichment plant. Green cabbage is a common vegetable that provides nutrition to human. This project aims to test the efficiency of Sand Se in cultivating green cabbage and provide Se as a nutrition source. Experiments include five group: a control group (CK) without fertilization, and four experimental groups: CT: natural Sand Se, CT1: chicken manure: Sand Se =1:1, CT2: chicken manure: Sand Se =1:2, CT3: chicken manure. Results showed that Sand Se addition increased significantly Se concentration of green cabbage by 45%、61% and 64%. Compared with the CK and CT3 group, the yield, leaf thickness and water use efficiency of the green cabbage increased significantly by 45%, 22.78% and 56.66%, respectively, under chicken manure: Se sand =1:2 treatment. Soil manganese and zinc concentration accounted for 72% variation of the green cabbage biomass and soil zinc accounted for 66% variation of the water use efficiency. These results also indicated that sand Se, particularly when mixed with chicken manure, can not only provide Se as a nutrition but also is beneficial to green cabbage yield. This study results provide useful information for supplying economic and healthy Se green cabbage.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Mineral element is an important aspect of soil quality, it plays a significant role in plants growth, physiologyandecological functions, andmineral element deficiency isamajorcausefor thedecrease ofplantfruit quality. The paper illustrates that soil mineral element feature of community level is significant in yield of plant, quality formation mechanism and nutrient measurement balance rule. It can guide sustainable operation of plantations scientifically. With the typical man-made forest in Guizhou karst mountain area as object and classification of metallic element and non-metallic element, the content features of mineral elements and the correlations were discussed. The result indicated that there were large differences in the soil mineral element contents of the typical man-made forest in the area, meanwhile the elements had different ranges in the different tree species. The change rules of Zn, Cr, Fe, Ti, Al, Mg, Ni, Co were relatively consistent, Ca and Sr’s were relatively similar. The content ofAs, Se, Si were high in Eucalyptus robusta forest, Cupressus funebris forest and Eriobotrya japonica forest, while the contents of S, Na, Cl were just the opposite. The change rule of different mineral elements was not in conformity with different forest types, which indicated that the extraction and accumulation ability of plant root system existed differences. There was a degree of relativity among mineral elements, the correlativity of different mineral elements differed and represented enhancement inhibitory effect, and especially Fe and Ca have close relationship with other elements. The interaction effect and measure equilibrium relationship of mineral elements was the key to analyze the features of element compositions and a scientific problem deserved to be further studied. The research results were in favor of mastering nutrient element accumulation features and regulation, which had an important theory and practice significance to soil nutrient management of typical plantation in the area. In the future, we should not only pay attention to the pollution caused by mineral element overabundance, but also evaluate the deficiency effect caused by mineral element shortage.Thus,thevalueofeconomicforest canimprovebyreleasingadequateandbalancesupplyofnutrients. KeyWords:man-madeforest,soil,mineralelement,correlation,Guizhoukarst mountainarea
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Quantification of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) contents of plants is of great significance to the exploration of its growth and adaptive strategies. However, various pretreating methods often lead to the poor comparability among different results. In this paper, four typical psammophytes on the coast of South China including Casuarina equisetifolia, Spinifex littoreus, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Sesuvium portulacastrum were studied, and the effects of pretreating methods on the determination of non-structural carbohydrates contents of plants by phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid method were analyzed, including the existence of the peel and mesh size. The results showed that: (1) When peeled, NSC, soluble sugar and starch contents of the Casuarina equisetifolia samples all had a decreasing trend compared with the control group, especially significant in the soluble sugar contents of the young-aged forest and the middle-aged forest(P<0.05),butmade nodifference in both theirstarch contentsand all componentcontentsin adult ones. The smaller the age of samples, the greater the effect of peeling pretreatment on NSC andits componentcontentsin trees,especially affectedonsoluble sugar,so we suggestto preserve tree bark when samples processed. (2) The contents of NSC and its components of different psammophytes’s branches (stem) all raised with the increase of mesh size, and there were significant differences between the Casuarina equisetifolia and Spinifex littoreus’branches (stem) samples which passed through the 100 and 18 mesh sieve (P<0.05). Except the Spinifex littoreus, all psammophytes’ leaves (assimilating branches) samples hadn’t changed much under different mush sizes and had no significant difference. The higher the content of mechanical tissue in the samples, the more significant difference in the content of NSC and its components extracted by different mesh size, considering the difficulty in obtaining samples and the accuracy of the determination of NSC content, thus we suggest that all branches and leaves of psammophytes should be processed by 100 mesh sieve. The conclusion of this study can guide the sample processing methods of related research in South China Coast, standardize experimental methods andimprove thecomparabilitybetweendifferentstudies.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Centratherum Cass., a newly naturalized genus of the family Asteraceae from Southeast Asia, was recorded in northern Thailand and southwestern China. Centratherum punctatum Cass. subsp. fruticosum (S. Vidal) K. Kirkman ex Shih H. Chen, M. J. Wu & S. M. Li, the only one representative subspecies of this genus from mainland of Southeast Asia, is described and illustrated based on the specimens. C. punctatum subsp. fruticosum can be distinguished from the other taxa of this genus by its leaf blade rhombic to elliptic, leaf margins irregularly serrate, leaf apex broadly acute, and phyllaries indurate at base and not awned. Its distribution map is provided and the possible dispersal pathway is discussed.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Jasminum yuanjiangense is an narrowly distributed endemic species in Yuanjiang River Valley of Yunnan province. 4 sample plots, belongs to two vegetation types including dry-hot shrubs and savanna were typically selected in the distribution area of J. yuanjiangense. The population age structure and survival curves were created and the type of population structure were analysesd by Chen Xiaode's Quantification Method, and predicted population dynamics using time sequence model, and compared the population differences between different habitats. The results showed that: (1) The population of J. yuanjiangense presented as a growing type and tend to stable(Vpi’=0.0041). The populations had definite fluctuations during their growth dynamics, and the number of individuals in the pre-growth stage is more than that in the late growth stage. The survival curve of population approached to type Deevey-Ⅲ and Deevey-Ⅰ.The seedlings is abundant, but the mortality is high. The growth and development of individuals were limited from young to middle age. (2) The time sequence model predicted that the population of J. yuanjiangense was able to keep stable and the number of individuals would have a light rising tendency in the coming 2, 4 age classes.1 (3) The population structure of J.yuanjiangense varies greatly among different sites,But it can be roughly divided into two types according to its age structure. Sample plots 1, 2 and 4 (habitat 1) displayed growing type with Deevey-III survival curve, plot 3 (habitat 2) displayed stable type with Deevey-I survival curve. The habitat of stable type is more suitable for the growth of J ． yuanjiangense than the habitat of growing type.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Begonia L. is belonged to the family Begoniaceae within Cucurbitales. The genus contains about 2 000 species and is the fifth largest angiosperm genus. The species occur in subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Northern American and Africa and have been used as important medicinal, edible or ornamental plant. In China, there are around 200 species in the genus of Begonia, which mainly occurs along south of the Yangtze River, especially in Yunnan and Guangxi. During recent decades, more and more taxa have been discovered and described owing to deep field surveys within Guangxi. Now the number is far exceed the record in Flora of Guangxi that was published in 1991 including 19 species. However, these new taxa are scattered in different journals, it is necessary to collect and gather them together. Therefore, based on examination of specimens and literature, 84 taxa were enumerated, including 2 subspecies, 11 varieties and 46 endemic species. Meanwhile, all taxa were supplemented with the diagnostic characters as well as the infrageneric classification of these taxa. This research will provide essential information on further studies about classification, evolution and conservation in Begonia.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To promote the utilization of straw in resources, sugarcane residue，eggplant straw，corn straw was used as raw material to prepare the biochar adsorbent at 500 ℃，which were named SBC、EBC and CBC. Biochar is a carbon-rich product of biomass produced by thermal decomposition under limited oxygen supply at a relatively low temperature. Ethyl paraben was subject to batch adsorption in aqueous medium by the prepared biochar. The results of adsorption experiments showed that the kind of raw materials significantly affects its adsorption effect on ethyl paraben. The adsorption capacity of ethyl paraben from three kinds of biochar was SBC>EBC>CBC. In addition，the initial concentration of ethyl paraben in waste water, the temperature and time of adsorption can also affect the adsorption effect. The removal rates of ethyl paraben by three biochar decreased with increasing initial concentration of ethyl paraben. High temperature is beneficial to adsorption. When the initial concentration of ethyl paraben was 30 mgL·-1 and the adsorption temperature was 25 ℃，the removal rate of ethyl paraben was up to 99.7% after SBC adsorption. The reaction increased rapidly at the beginning of 120 min and reached the adsorption equilibrium after 270 min. The isothermal adsorption line for ethyl paraben conforms to the Langmuir mode and the Freundlich mode. The results provided a theoretical basis for the removal of organic pollutants such as ethyl paraben.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Hydrangea L. was founded by Linnaeus in 1753 based on a species of American. It is a large genus in Hydrangeaceae containing about 73 species, most of which distributed in eastern to south-eastern Asia, south-eastern North America to Central America and western South America. There are more than 40 species in China, mainly distributed in the south-west and south-east. In order to study taxonomic value and systematic significance of Hydrangea L. as well as clarify phylogenetic relationships among the genus and its related ones, pollen samplings of 41 species of Hydrangea and its related species from China and surrounding areas were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that the pollens of all these species are tricolporate; the pollen morphology are most subprolate and a few Subspheroida; ellipse or circular in equatorial view; circular or sometimes triangular in polar view. The ornamentations on the exine can be reticulate ornamentations or perforate ornamentations. The ornamentation in the mesh can be smooth or granular bulged. The above-mentioned species can be divided into 4 groups according to the pollen morphology and ornamentations on the exine, the characters of each group are respectively pollen morphology subprolate, ornamentation on the exine reticulate; pollen morphology subprolate, ornamentation on the exine perforate; pollen morphology Subspheroida, ornamentation on the exine reticulate; pollen morphology Subspheroida, ornamentation on the exine perforate. Further, according to the ratio of polar axis to equatorial axis, these species can be divided into 8 types. The study shows that the pollen characters can provide valuable evidence for infrageneric taxonomic treatments and species circumscription. However, this evidence shows limited value in diagnosing some major clades of phylogenetic trees reconstructed in previous studies. Further studies including broader sampling and new evidence of Hydrangea pollen are needed to explore its taxonomic and systematic value.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Parakmeria omeiensis, a small evergreen tree in Magnoliaceae, is a great ornamental plantwithnicefragranceandorangeseedcoats.In ordertoexplain thereasonsforthelowseed-set -ting rate of P. omeiensis in natural condition and determine the optimum pollinating time. The floral character were studied through field observation in Mount Emei, the type of breeding system was estimated by out-crossing index (OCI), the pollen-ovule ratio (P/O), pollen viability and the stigma receptivity,And the artifical pollination experiments were carried out. The results were as follows：(1) The florescence of P . omeiensis was from late April to mid-late May. Male plants bloomed 3-4 d earlier than female plants, and their florescence were overlapped. (2) Bisexual flowers with pistils and stamen were actually female in reproductive function, 1-2 carpels remained on the male flower of some male plants.The selective abortion of either pistil or stamens led to sex differentiation. so P . omeiensis belongs to Cryptic dioecy. (3) The flowering process followed six stages from spathe dehiscence, tepal dehiscence, spreading, fully blooming, the second spreading to flowers withering, it took 4 d. (4) The viability of pollen in male flowers was 92.8% during the first spreading,and then it descended greatly after 2 d. The stigmas of bisexual flowers were strong receptivity when all tepals were spreading,while some stigmas were receptive after blooming. (5) The out-crossing index (OCI) was 5 and pollen/ovule was 2.14x104, which indicated that P . omeiensis should be classified as an allogamous plant. (6) The artificial pollination revealed the self-pollination phenomenon did not existed and no apomixis phenomenon, The fruit-setting rate and seed-setting rate were significantly higher than that of natural pollination. In conclusion, the breeding system of P . omeiensis was obligate cross-pollination which requires pollinators, and its fruit-setting rate was limited by pollinators and the short pollination time under natural conditions. The results can promote for protecting the resourcesP .omeiensis
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to get the latest information and development researches filed of DNA barcoding of plants, and discuss its role in biodiversity conservation. Used bibliometrics, Histcite and citespaces to analyze literatures of DNA barcoding in plants based on Web of Sciences database to, and analyze Citation counts, research hot and research front visualization. The results showed the rate of contribution of literatures was the biggest of Chinese, American, Canadian authors. Chinese institutions published literatures counts than others countries, while literatures from American and Canadian institutions have more higher quality and influence. This research field has gotten peak at 2009 based on citation visualization analysis. The research front and hot focus on species identify and biodiversity application, find the suited candidates DNA barcoding sequences and refining the identical technology. Chinese authors play a leading role and have strength influence at DNA barcoding of plants. Chinese government encourages traditional Chinese medicine industry to promote the development of DNA barcoding technology at China. But the quality and influence of published literatures have a gap between China and developed countries, Chinese institutions should increase cooperation with the developed countries institutions and promote itself research ability. It is very important that DNA barcoding technology at species identify and biodiversity conversation. Tomorrow’s Outlook for Plant DNA Barcoding is building the global plant DNA barcode library and new DNA markers and new sequencing technologies.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Raphiocarpus Chun is a small genus includes all species from southern and southwestern China to northern and central Vietnam. However, there are only three species can be found in both countries formerly. R. begoniifolius (L関l.) Burtt was once considered as an endemic species of China, and it is distributed in China (northwestern Guangxi, southwestern Guizhou, southeastern Yunnan and northwestern Hubei), but there is not reported on flora of Vietnam. This species is here reported as the first record for the flora of Vietnam, so it makes the codistributed species number of Raphiocarpus in both countries has been risen from three to four.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Hybridization and polyploidation are the main machenisms of speciation of ferns, which lead to the formation of polyploid complexes. Members of the same complex have obvious continuity and transition in morphology, and the genetic relationships within the complex group are complicated, which cause much taxonomic confusion to ferns. Pteris fauriei complex is one of the most confusing complexes in Pteris. Members in this complex are highly similar in morohology and just classified by a few tiny characteristics, such as the height of plant, the size of pinnae, the size of the gap in the lobes, the distance between segments and the leghth of sori and so on. In order to determine the taxonomic position of some members of the complex and clarify the genetic relationships among members, three chloroplast DNA fragments, atpB, matK, and trnL-F were selected to construct a phylogenetic tree of the Pteris fauriei complex. Based on the results from molecular systematics study and palynological study, the genetic relationships among members of the P . fauriei complex were discussed. Result shows that the relationship between P . fauriei var. chinensis and P . fauriei is very closely, so we suggset to incorporate P . fauriei var. chinensis into P . fauriei. The relationship between P . majestica and P . fauriei is relatively far, but the spore morphology of P . majestica overlaps with that of P . fauriei, so their genetic relationship needs further study. P . angustipinnula is an independent species, different from other members of the complex. P . splendida was earlier differentiated as a separate branch, but its spore morphology is variable, suggesting that it may be a hybrid origin. Since we didn’t get the samples of P. fauriei var. minor,P . guizhuensis and P . obtusiloba, their genctic relationships with P . fauriei were not dissguessed here.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Exotic invasive plants can alter ecosystem and displace the native plants by releasing allelochemicals to the surrounding environment by means of leaching, natural volatilization, root exudation and plant litter decomposition. In this study, Vicia faba seeds were treated with different concentrations of Eupatorium adenophorum leaf aqueous extracts. The effects of Eupatorium adenophorum leaf aqueous extracts on the micronucleus, chromosome aberration, apoptosis, chlorophyll and N content and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Vicia faba were studied in this paper. The results were as follows: (1) the treatment of Eupatorium adenophorum leaf aqueous extracts significantly inhibited the root tip elongation and cell mitosis of Vicia faba, and induced chromosome aberration and cell micronucleus in the root tip cells of V. faba. With the increasing concentration of leaf water extracts, mitosis index significantly decreased and micronucleus rate of root tip cells significantly increased. In addition, the treatment of high concentration leaf aqueous extracts significantly affects apoptosis and necrosis of V . faba root tip cells. (2) the content of chlorophyll and N in leaves of V . faba decreased significantly, and the maximum net photosynthetic rate and biomass of V. faba seedlings were significantly decreased. In conclusion, Eupatorium adenophorum leaf aqueous extracts may cause the oxidative damage oftheroottipofViciafabaand theelongationoftheroot tip,andtheinhibitoryeffect ofleafwater extract shows a certain dose effect.At the same time, the damage and inhibition effect of Eupatorium adenophorum leaf aqueous extracts on the root tip of Vicia faba may affect the uptake of nitrogen, and thus have a significant negative effect on the photosynthetic physiological performance and biomass accumulation of broad bean seedlings. The results reveal the mechanism of Eupatorium adenophorum leaf aqueous extracts, and promote the understandingpotentialimpactofexoticinvasiveplantsonagriculturalproduction.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Synonymous codons are used with different frequencies among both species and genes within the same genome. In order to analyze the codon usage patterns of the chloroplast genome of camphora tree, 53 CDS(Coding DNA Sequences)were selected from the chloroplast genome of camphora tree and analyzed the codon usage pattern and bias by CodonW, EMBOSS, R language and other softwares. The results showed that the effective codon number (ENC) of the chloroplast gene ranged from 36.82 to 59.30, indicating that bias of codons was weak. There were 32 codons with relative codon usage greater than 1, of which 28 were rich in A and U, indicating that the 3rd position of codon prefers A and U genetic bases. Neutral analysis found that the correlation between GC3 and GC12 was not significant, and the slope of the regression curve was 0.049, suggesting that codon bias was mainly affected by natural selection, while the ENC-plot analysis found that most genes fell below and around the curve. It was shown that the mutation also affected the formation of codon bias. Eventually， 9 codons (UUU, CUU, UCA, ACA, UAU, AAU, GAU, UGA, GGA) were identified as the optimal codons for the chloroplast genome of camphora tree.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Weeds in paddy field cause severe damage to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Use of rice allelopathy is considered the most environmentally friendly approach for weed control. Therefore, understanding rice alleopathy and its key allelochemicals has particularly ecological significance. Momilactones A and B are key allelochemicals produced by rice plants, and momilactone B is the most effective natural phytotoxin with great potential to be used as natural herbicides. Momilactone B can be released into rice rhizosphere and inhibit the germination and growth of barnyardgrass and other plants. It inhibited the root and hypocotyl growth of seedlings of cress and lettuce at concentrations ≥3 nmol·mL-1. Moreover, momilactone A and B are phytoalexins showing antifungal activity against blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. This paper reviewed important aspects in various fields of momilactone research, including its characteristics, allelopathy, biosynthesis pathway, detection, synthesis method and influencing factors. Some important issues in momilactone research including rapid and sensitive detection, induced factors and chemical synthesis are also discussed.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The 95% ethanol extracts of the leaves of Rhizophora stylosa, stems and leaves of Kandelia candel, leaves of Pongamia pinnata and stems of Aegiceras corniculatum were extracted by ultrasonic extraction method. The cytotoxicity of 95% ethanol extracts from these 4 mangrove plants on prostate cancer cells DU145 and PC3 was tested by MTS assay. The results showed that the anti-proliferation on prostate cancer cell DU145 of 95% ethanol extract of A. corniculatum stems was the strongest among the tested samples with IC50 value of 75.23, 88.81 and 76.53 μg·mL-1 to DU145, respectively. On this basis, the ethanol extract of A. corniculatum stems was successively treated with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to yield 4 fractions , then the ethyl acetate fraction of A. corniculatum stems (EACS) was tested for anticancer activities against 19 tumor cells (HT-29, SW480, DLD-1, COLO205, PC3, DU145, SKOV3-S, A2780, SGC-7901, Tca-8113, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, SMMC-7721, Bel-7402, MHCC-97H, Hela, PANC-1, EJ, A549) and antiproliferative effects of 3 normal cells (HUVEC, EC304, RWPE-1) by MTS assay, the effect of EACS on proliferation of HT-29, DLD-1, SW480, DU145, PC3 and SKOV3-S cells was detected by the colony formation assay. The results showed that EACS exhibited different degrees of inhibitory effect on proliferation of 16 tumor cells and 3 normal cells, and had the stronger inhibitory effect on the proliferation of RWPE-1 with IC50 value of 22.78 μg·mL-1 after 72 hours of drug treatment . EACS inhibited the colony formation of HT-29, DLD-1, SW480, DU145, PC3 and SKOV3-S cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results provided a scientific reference for the further development and utilization of the above 4 mangrove plants. At the same time, it was initially determined that A. corniculatum has significant anti-tumor activity and is expected to be further developed as a new anti-tumor drug.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： TissuecultureandrapidpropagationtechniqueofCalotropisgiganteaL.wasstudied byusingstemsegmentsasexplantsinthispaper.Theresultsshowedthattheoptimalsterilization 32.3%. The suitable primary induction medium was MS+ sucrose 30g稬-1+ ager 3.5 g稬-1. And after 20 d culture, 3-4 cm high regenerative buds were formed. Pre-multiplication culture test showed that MS+ 6-BA1.5 mg稬-1+ NAA0.05 mg稬-1+AgNO31.0 g稬-1+ sucrose 30 g稬-1+ ager 3.5 g稬-1 was a suitable multiplication medium, proliferation coefficient was 4.6/25 d. However, during the subsequent cultivation process, using this method the seedlings were easy to vitrify. With the change of generation, the degree of vitrification has been increasing. So inhibition of vitrification was the key to success.Based on the above multiplication culture test, withAgNO3 as a vitrification inhibitor, the suitable multiplication culture medium of MS+ 6-BA 1.5 mg稬-1+ NAA 0.05 mg稬-1+ AgNO3 1.0 g稬-1+ sucrose 30 g稬-1+ ager 3.5 g稬-1 was verified. With this method, 25 d later, seedling height was 5-8 cm, proliferation coefficient was higher than 5.8/25 d and vitrification rate of multiple shoots was lower than 10%.The optimal medium for rooting was 1/2MS+ NAA1.0 mg稬-1+ sucrose 20 g稬-1 + ager 3.6 g稬-1, 14 d later, the rooting rate was 98%. The rooting seedlings were transplanted in the 70% shading greenhouse.And 30 d later,they were about 20 cm high, with 85% survival rate. This method can be used for the large-scale production ofexcellentclonalseedlingsofCalotropisgiganteaL.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of triterpene saponins, it can promote the biosynthesis triterpenoid saponins in plants. In order to study the function of FPS gene in Ilex cornuta, we isolated a FPS gene from Ilex cornuta, and carried out bioinformatics analysis and expression analysis. In this study, PCR was used to isolate the cDNA sequence of a FPS gene from the leaves of Ilex cornuta, and the gene was named as IcFPS1. DNA sequencing results showed that the amplified cDNA of IcFPS1 gene was 1591 bp. Sequencing analysis revealed the IcFPS1 gene contains a complete open reading frame, and the open reading frame is 1 029 bp in length, encoding 342 amino acids. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of predicted IcFPS1 protein were 39.58 kDa and 5.18, respectively. Physical and chemical properties analysis revealed that IcFPS1 protein is a hydrophilic protein, and it does not contain a signal peptide. There is also no transmembrane region of the IcFPS1 protein. The multiple alignment of FPS sequences with BLASTP and Align X revealed that the IcFPS1 protein is highly homologous to other known FPS proteins from different plant species, and they have common conserved regions and amino acid sequences. The similarity between the IcFPS1 and the Panax quinquefolius FPS sequence was as high as 89%. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the FPS protein of the Ilex cornuta is closely related to FPS proteins of the Araliaceae family belonging to the angiosperm. These results indicate that the FPS gene is conserved during evolution. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that the IcFPS1 protein is involved in the synthesis pathway of isoprenoids, which may be the same as IPP1, IPP2, GGPS3, GGPS6 and ERA1 proteins. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that IcFPS1 gene was expressed in all tested tissues of Ilex cornuta, while the expression level of IcFPS1 gene in different tissues was different.IcFPS1 genehas the highest expression in roots, butis less expressed in the stems and female flowers of Ilex cornuta. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the study of the molecularmechanismofplanttriterpenoidsaponinbiosynthesisinfuture.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Beckmannia Host and Tripogon Roem. et Schult. of Poaceae are reported as two newly-recorded genera from Guangxi, China. There are two species and one variety of Beckmannia in global, which have a wide distribution in global, including one species and one variety in China. A species, Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern. is found from Guangxi for the first time. There about 30 species of Tripogon in global, and majority species are distribution in Asia and Africa, including 11 species in China. A species, Tripogon filiformis Nees ex Steud. is found from Guangxi for the first time. Detailed morphological description and photos of the two newly-recorded genera and species are provided in this paper.
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