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  • 木论喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶林空间结构动态研究

    Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-09-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》

    Abstract: The spatial structure evolution of forests in karst areas is a key scientific issue in global forest research. In order to explore the dynamics of spatial structure in karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests, a study was conducted in the Guolin National Nature Reserve, focusing on a fixed monitoring plot of 2 hm2. Based on data from three surveys conducted in 2007, 2012, and 2017, the dynamics of community spatial structure were analyzed using the spatial structure parameters: individual distribution index (Wi), mixing degree (Mi), and size-number ratio (Ui). The results were as foloows: (1) The univariate distribution of spatial structure parameters revealed that the forest structure gradually shifted towards a slightly clumped distribution state as the stand age increased between 2007 and 2017. The mixing degree was at a level of strong mixing and showed a tendency towards extreme mixing. In terms of the size-number ratio, the stand exhibited a moderate state, shifting towards subdominance as the stand grew. (2) The study of spatial structure for different diameter classes of trees showed that the angle scale, size-number ratio, and mixing degree of trees in diameter classes 1~15 cm gradually increased with stand growth. As the diameter class increased, the values of the size-number ratio showed a decreasing trend while the mixing degree showed an increasing trend. (3) The study of spatial structure for dominant tree species revealed that, during the ten-year period from 2007 to 2017, all five dominant tree species groups exhibited a slightly clumped distribution. The size-number ratio showed a tendency towards subdominance and a moderate distribution state, while the mixing level was at a high degree and gradually shifted towards extreme mixing. The study concludes that the karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest in Guolin currently exhibits a slightly clumped distribution, a strong degree of mixing, and a tendency towards subdominance. The community is relatively stable, the stand regeneration is in good condition, and the forest is gradually transitioning towards a climax community. The analysis of the dynamic changes in vegetation structure in karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests is of great significance for predicting the future development and changes of forests.

  • 留茬高度对不同品种全株玉米青贮品质的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究留茬高度对全株玉米青贮品质的影响,并探讨对于不同特性的玉米品种应如何选择留茬高度,为合理生产和利用全株玉米青贮提供理论支持。选取黑龙江省广泛种植玉米品种,高淀粉品种阳光1号、高蛋白质品种中原单32和高产量品种龙福208 3种不同特性的全株玉米为试验材料,采用单因素试验设计,设置19、49 cm 2个留茬高度,共6个处理,每个处理2个重复。测定规营养成分含量、发酵品质及24、30和48 h瘤胃降解率。结果显示:1)对于全株玉米青贮营养成分含量,留茬高度由19 cm增加到49 cm后,3个品种的粗蛋白质(CP)、淀粉含量显著提高(P0.05),且该品种在19 cm留茬高度下48 h瘤胃NDFD最大。由此可见,增加留茬高度可提高全株玉米青贮的DM、CP、淀粉含量,但会降低其NDF含量,以及减小发酵过程的缓冲性,从而对发酵指标影响较小。因此,对于高淀粉低纤维类玉米品种如阳光1号,可选择较低留茬高度,以获得质与量最大化;而高蛋白质或高产量玉米品种如中原单32、龙福208,可适当提高留茬高度,改善青贮品质。

  • 外源淀粉酶对肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能的影

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在利用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS-Ⅱ)研究外源淀粉酶对肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能的影响,为准确评价饲用酶制剂的有效性提供依据。试验采用2×4双因素完全随机设计,参照我国《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T 33-2004)和NRC(1994)鸡营养需要配制肉鸡1~21日龄和22~42日龄玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,并分别在2种基础饲粮中添加1 840、9 200和18 400 U/g的外源淀粉酶配制6种添加淀粉酶的饲粮,以不添加外源淀粉酶的2种基础饲粮作为对照,利用SDS-Ⅱ测定8种饲粮的体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)、体外表观粗蛋白质消化率(IVACPD)、体外标准化粗蛋白质消化率(IVSCPD)、体外淀粉消化率(IVSTD)、体外总能消化率(IVGED)和体外代谢能(IVME)。每种饲粮设5个重复,每个重复设1根消化管。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,1 840、9 200和18 400 U/g淀粉酶组饲粮胃阶段的IVDMD和IVGED均显著增加(P<0.05);18 400 U/g淀粉酶组饲粮的IVME显著高于其他组(P<0.05);22~42日龄饲粮的全消化道IVDMD、IVGED以及IVME均显著高于1~21日龄饲粮(P<0.05)。2)1 840和9 200 U/g淀粉酶组的全消化道IVACPD和IVSCPD均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),22~42日龄饲粮的全消化道IVACPD和IVSCPD显著高于1~21日龄饲粮(P<0.05)。3)8种饲粮的全消化道IVSTD均在99.40%以上,9 200和18 400 U/g淀粉酶组的全消化道IVSTD显著低于对照组(P<0.05),1~21日龄饲粮的全消化道IVSTD显著高于22~42日龄饲粮(P<0.05)。4)饲粮营养水平和淀粉酶添加剂量对肉鸡饲粮IVDMD、IVDGE、IVACPD、IVSCPD、IVSTD和IVME均存在交互作用(P<0.01)。在本试验条件下,外源淀粉酶的添加提高了肉鸡饲粮胃阶段的IVDMD、IVDGE,1 840和9 200 U/g外源淀粉酶提高了肉鸡饲粮的IVACPD、IVSCPD,18 400 U/g外源淀粉酶提高了肉鸡饲粮的IVME;玉米-豆粕型饲粮中淀粉几乎完全降解,外源淀粉酶对IVSTD的影响可以忽略;饲粮营养水平和外源淀粉酶添加剂量对肉鸡饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能存在交互作用,22~42日龄饲粮的体外养分消化率和代谢能均高于1~21日龄饲粮。

  • 外源淀粉酶对肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能的影

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在利用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS-Ⅱ)研究外源淀粉酶对肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能的影响,为准确评价饲用酶制剂的有效性提供依据。试验采用2×4双因素完全随机设计,参照我国《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T 33-2004)和NRC(1994)鸡营养需要配制肉鸡1~21日龄和22~42日龄玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,并分别在2种基础饲粮中添加1 840、9 200和18 400 U/g的外源淀粉酶配制6种添加淀粉酶的饲粮,以不添加外源淀粉酶的2种基础饲粮作为对照,利用SDS-Ⅱ测定8种饲粮的体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)、体外表观粗蛋白质消化率(IVACPD)、体外标准化粗蛋白质消化率(IVSCPD)、体外淀粉消化率(IVSTD)、体外总能消化率(IVGED)和体外代谢能(IVME)。每种饲粮设5个重复,每个重复设1根消化管。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,1 840、9 200和18 400 U/g淀粉酶组饲粮胃阶段的IVDMD和IVGED均显著增加(P<0.05);18 400 U/g淀粉酶组饲粮的IVME显著高于其他组(P<0.05);22~42日龄饲粮的全消化道IVDMD、IVGED以及IVME均显著高于1~21日龄饲粮(P<0.05)。2)1 840和9 200 U/g淀粉酶组的全消化道IVACPD和IVSCPD均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),22~42日龄饲粮的全消化道IVACPD和IVSCPD显著高于1~21日龄饲粮(P<0.05)。3)8种饲粮的全消化道IVSTD均在99.40%以上,9 200和18 400 U/g淀粉酶组的全消化道IVSTD显著低于对照组(P<0.05),1~21日龄饲粮的全消化道IVSTD显著高于22~42日龄饲粮(P<0.05)。4)饲粮营养水平和淀粉酶添加剂量对肉鸡饲粮IVDMD、IVDGE、IVACPD、IVSCPD、IVSTD和IVME均存在交互作用(P<0.01)。在本试验条件下,外源淀粉酶的添加提高了肉鸡饲粮胃阶段的IVDMD、IVDGE,1 840和9 200 U/g外源淀粉酶提高了肉鸡饲粮的IVACPD、IVSCPD,18 400 U/g外源淀粉酶提高了肉鸡饲粮的IVME;玉米-豆粕型饲粮中淀粉几乎完全降解,外源淀粉酶对IVSTD的影响可以忽略;饲粮营养水平和外源淀粉酶添加剂量对肉鸡饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能存在交互作用,22~42日龄饲粮的体外养分消化率和代谢能均高于1~21日龄饲粮。

  • 外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生长性能、养分消化率、健康以及环境排放的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:外源蛋白酶因可改善畜禽生长性能和健康,提高蛋白质、氨基酸等养分的消化率和节约饲料资源等特点而备受关注。外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生长性能、养分消化率和健康受动物的年龄、饲粮类型、酶自身特性等因素的影响。本文概述了蛋白酶的分类、酶活性测定方法及其功能,侧重分析了外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生长性能、养分消化率和健康等方面的影响,并讨论了添加外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生产中环境排放的影响作用,以期为外源蛋白酶在畜禽养殖中的高效使用提供理论依据

  • 诱导多能干细胞向雄性生殖细胞分化诱导物的研究进展

    Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2018-12-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》

    Abstract:诱导多能干细胞(Induced pluripotent stem cells,iPSCs)是利用细胞重编程技术人工获得的与胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ESCs)功能类似的细胞,能分化成包括三胚层在内的所有细胞类型,并且规避了ESCs的伦理学争议和移植后的免疫排斥问题,具有十分广阔的应用前景。本文对iPSCs体外诱导为生殖细胞所用的诱导物及其诱导效果进行了综述,生殖细胞发育机制的研究有望促进未来生殖和发育技术的进步。

  • 缓释砂硒对绿甘蓝富硒作用及生长的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》

    Abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans. Se deficiency can result in many diseases such as Keshan and Kashin-Beck diseases, and can cause immune deficiency and even cancer. However, most Se supplements in the market come from inorganic Se addition, which are unsafe and expensive. Natural Se sand is a readily available product which is air permeable and watertight. It is a kind of good matrix for producing Se enrichment plant. Green cabbage is a common vegetable that provides nutrition to human. This project aims to test the efficiency of Sand Se in cultivating green cabbage and provide Se as a nutrition source. Experiments include five group: a control group (CK) without fertilization, and four experimental groups: CT: natural Sand Se, CT1: chicken manure: Sand Se =1:1, CT2: chicken manure: Sand Se =1:2, CT3: chicken manure. Results showed that Sand Se addition increased significantly Se concentration of green cabbage by 45%、61% and 64%. Compared with the CK and CT3 group, the yield, leaf thickness and water use efficiency of the green cabbage increased significantly by 45%, 22.78% and 56.66%, respectively, under chicken manure: Se sand =1:2 treatment. Soil manganese and zinc concentration accounted for 72% variation of the green cabbage biomass and soil zinc accounted for 66% variation of the water use efficiency. These results also indicated that sand Se, particularly when mixed with chicken manure, can not only provide Se as a nutrition but also is beneficial to green cabbage yield. This study results provide useful information for supplying economic and healthy Se green cabbage.

  • 产几丁质酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及其对玉米秸秆中优势霉菌的抑制作用

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究利用产几丁质酶菌株抑制玉米秸秆中优势霉菌的生长,为提高秸秆利用率提供理论依据。利用胶体几丁质培养基从玉米秸秆样品中筛选出一株产几丁质酶菌株BS-1,同时将优势霉菌进行分离、纯化。通过对BS-1菌株和优势霉菌形态学观察以及16S rDNA或18S rDNA序列测定进行菌种鉴定。利用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定BS-1菌株发酵24、48、72、96、120、144、168 h的几丁质酶活性,以及牛津杯法检测BS-1菌株发酵液对玉米秸秆中优势霉菌的抑制作用。结果显示,玉米秸秆样品中分离出的BS-1菌株经鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),4株优势霉菌分别为卷枝毛霉(Mucor circinelloides)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。BS-1菌株在37 ℃下培养120 h产几丁质酶活性达到最高值3.23 U/mL。BS-1菌株发酵液对玉米秸秆中4株优势霉菌均有明显抑制作用,抑菌圈直径分别为18.13、18.48、17.55、15.68 mm。由此可见,筛选到的产几丁质酶枯草芽孢杆菌BS-1能够有效抑制玉米秸秆中的卷枝毛霉、尖孢镰刀菌、米曲霉、黑曲霉4株优势霉菌生长。

  • microRNA在反刍动物中的研究进展

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类长度在22个核苷酸左右的小分子非编码RNA,通过与3'端非翻译区的碱基配对靶向调节mRNA的表达从而抑制其翻译或降解。miRNA广泛存在于动物和植物中,可以参与调节多种发育调控和生物学过程,本文在总结miRNA的来源、作用机制、预测方法及其基因表达与功能的基础上,综述了其在反刍动物中的研究进展。

  • Cry3a杀虫蛋白基因的合成优化及在JK-SH007中高效表达

    Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-06-01 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》

    Abstract: Each year forest pest spawned a great number of economic losses and caused severe ecological damage in the worldwide. A biological control method using a biopesticide was recognized as an ideal solution, and an insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) Cry3Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis was identified as the most effective biopesticide. In this report we have succesfully cloned the Cry3Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis and expressed in a plant natural endophyte bacterium Burkholderia pyrrocinia JK-SH007,with a predicted molecular mass of 70 kDa. The bioassay using bacterial crude extracts revealed highly toxic to Pyrrhalta aenescens (Fairmaire) in the 2 instar with a LD50?=0.63(0.48-0.82)g/L, thus the GM bacterium possesses both the insecticidal activity and plant disease-resistance. Our reports have laid the foundation for further exploitation of this biocontrol bacteria, and could benefit forest protection.

  • 经颅磁电抑郁症治疗仪治疗抑郁症的临床研究

    Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics submitted time 2017-02-13

    Abstract:[目的] 评价经颅磁电抑郁症(失眠)治疗仪(商品名:奥博百忧度)治疗抑郁症的有效性及安全性。[方法] 对 80例轻、中度抑郁症患者进行了随机、安慰对照、多中心4周临床试验,其中治疗组和对照组各 40例。治疗组使用经颅磁电抑郁症(失眠)治疗仪进行治疗,对照组使用经颅磁电抑郁症(失眠)治疗仪模拟治疗(音频安慰)。[结果] 临床试验研究结果表明,治疗 4 周后对照组的总显效率和总有效率分别为5.00%(2/40)和 35.00%(14/40),其 95%的可信区间分别为(0.00~11.75)和(20.22~49.78),治疗组的总显效率和总有效率分别为 65.00%(26/40)和 80.00%(32/40),其 95%的可信区间分别为(50.22~79.78)和(67.60~92.40),各中心效应有差别(P=0.0009);两组总有效率和总显效率的优效性检验 P<0.0001,且治疗组高于对照组,说明治疗组优于对照组。两组均无不良反应。[结论] 经颅磁电抑郁症(失眠)治疗仪(商品名:奥博百忧度)治疗抑郁症使用安全,疗效确切,尤其在“抑郁、有罪感、睡眠障碍、工作和兴趣、迟缓、激惹、焦虑”等主要症状方面得到明显改善。

  • 经颅磁电脑病治疗仪治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床研究

    Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics submitted time 2017-02-03

    Abstract:[目的] 评价经颅磁电脑病治疗仪(商品名:奥博阿尔茨海默治疗仪)治疗轻、中度阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)的有效性及安全性。[方法] 对 80 例轻、中度 AD[Hachinski 缺血量表评分≤4 分,痴呆程度(CDR=1.0)或(CDR=2.0)]患者进行了随机、安慰对照、多中心8周临床试验,其中治疗组和对照组各40例。所有入选病例均给予正规的内科基础治疗和规范化护理,治疗组使用经颅磁电脑病治疗仪进行治疗,对照组使用安慰经颅磁电脑病治疗仪进行模拟治疗。[结果] 临床试验研究结果表明,治疗8周时,治疗组较对照组简易精神状态评价(MMSE)、阿尔茨海默认知评价(ADAS-Cog)和日常生活能力评价(ADL)分数显著改善(组间差异P依次<0.001、0.0001、0.05)。治疗 4周时,MMSE和 ADAS分数已有提高(组间差异 P依次<0.05、0.01)。两组均无不良反应。[结论] 根据试验统计结果,经颅磁电脑病治疗仪治疗轻、中度阿尔茨海默病具有治疗效果,对患者的精神状态、认知行为和日常生活自理能力有较好的改善作用,且该治疗仪使用安全。