Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-03-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In this study, the ecological adaptation mechanisms of Anemone shikokiana in two distinct habitats, namely full-light hilltop scrub and shady mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest, were researched by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology for leaves collected during the flowering stage. Moreover, EST-SSR molecular markers were developed based on SSR locus distribution characteristics. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 53 536 Unigenes sequences were obtained, of which 27 448 were successfully annotated. (2) 5 635 DEGs were obtained after filtering the low abundance genes, 1 600 up-regulated and 4 035 down-regulated genes comparing A. shikokiana in full-light hilltop scrub and in shady mixed coniferous forest. GO classification results showed that 2 460 DEGs were annotated to 2 533 tertiary entries. In addition, 1 051 DEGs were involved in 113 KEGG pathways. (3) The comprehensive analysis of the photosynthesis-antennal proteins pathway related genes revealed that the expression of lhca5 was significantly higher, while the expression of lhca1, lhca2 and lhca3 was significantly lower. Meanwhile, the comprehensive analysis of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway related genes revealed that the expression of chs, c4h, f3’h, f3h, fls, ans, chi, ccoaomt and hct was significantly higher. (4) A total of 6 006 unigenes containing 7 146 SSRs were identified among 53 536 unigenes by using MISA software from the transcriptome data of A.shikokiana. In the identified SSRs, the dominant repeat motifs were single nucleotide repeats in 106 repetitive motif types. Among the 100 pairs of EST-SSR primers, a total of 68 pairs were effective and 11 pairs with polymorphism, and 24 polymorphic fragments were amplified. Overall, in this paper, the adaptation mechanisms of A.shikokiana in heterogeneous habitats were analyzed at the molecular level, and for the first time EST-SSR molecular markers were developed to fill the gap in this area, which would provide important molecular marker resource for the conservation and utilization of this species.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In this study, the ecological adaptation mechanisms of Anemone shikokiana in two distinct habitats, namely full-light hilltop scrub and shady mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest, were researched by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology for leaves collected during the flowering stage. Moreover, EST-SSR molecular markers were developed based on SSR locus distribution characteristics. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 53 536 Unigenes sequences were obtained, of which 27 448 were successfully annotated. (2) 5 635 DEGs were obtained after filtering the low abundance genes, 1 600 up-regulated and 4 035 down-regulated genes comparing A. shikokiana in full-light hilltop scrub and in shady mixed coniferous forest. GO classification results showed that 2 460 DEGs were annotated to 2 533 tertiary entries. In addition, 1 051 DEGs were involved in 113 KEGG pathways. (3) The comprehensive analysis of the photosynthesis-antennal proteins pathway related genes revealed that the expression of lhca5 was significantly higher, while the expression of lhca1, lhca2 and lhca3 was significantly lower. Meanwhile, the comprehensive analysis of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway related genes revealed that the expression of chs, c4h, f3’h, f3h, fls, ans, chi, ccoaomt and hct was significantly higher. (4) A total of 6 006 unigenes containing 7 146 SSRs were identified among 53 536 unigenes by using MISA software from the transcriptome data of A.shikokiana. In the identified SSRs, the dominant repeat motifs were single nucleotide repeats in 106 repetitive motif types. Among the 100 pairs of EST-SSR primers, a total of 68 pairs were effective and 11 pairs with polymorphism, and 24 polymorphic fragments were amplified. Overall, in this paper, the adaptation mechanisms of A.shikokiana in heterogeneous habitats were analyzed at the molecular level, and for the first time EST-SSR molecular markers were developed to fill the gap in this area, which would provide important molecular marker resource for the conservation and utilization of this species.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：胃饥饿素（Ghrelin）又称作生长激素释放肽，作为脑肠肽，其可促进鱼类摄食。有研究报道禁食或摄食前可提高鱼类Ghrelin表达水平，中枢或外周注射Ghrelin可增加鱼类的摄食量。本文根据Ghrelin在哺乳动物和鱼类上的研究进展，阐述了Ghrelin结构、组织分布和对鱼类摄食的调控及相关机制，为今后鱼类摄食调控和生长的研究和生产实践提供理论依据。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本文旨在研究颈静脉灌注精氨酸对泌乳中期奶牛血清生化和免疫指标的影响。采用3×3复式拉丁方试验设计，选择6头体重、胎次、泌乳期、泌乳量和体况基本一致的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物，随机分为3组（每组2头），分别为酪蛋白组（对照组）、精氨酸组[灌注37.66 g/(L·d)]、丙氨酸组[与精氨酸组等氮，灌注77.24 g/(L·d)]；每个试验期为22 d（7 d灌注+15 d间隔），在每个试验灌注期的最后1 d晨饲前采血，测定血清生化和免疫指标。结果表明：精氨酸组的奶牛血清中总蛋白、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）浓度要显著高于其他2组（P0.05）。综上，灌注精氨酸能够通过提高血清总蛋白、IgG及IL-1、TNF-α的浓度，从而一定程度上增强泌乳奶牛机体的免疫力和胎儿的被动免疫力。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选取体重为（77.0±0.1） kg的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪72头，随机分为3组，每组6个重复，每个重复4头猪。4组试验猪分别饲喂含0.25%（低异亮氨酸水平，表现为异亮氨酸缺乏，L-Ile组）、0.39%（NRC推荐异亮氨酸水平，N-Ile组，作为对照组）和0.53%（高异亮氨酸水平，表现为异亮氨酸超量添加，H-Ile组）标准回肠可消化异亮氨酸的饲粮。试验期为28 d。结果表明：饲粮异亮氨酸水平对肥育猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量没有显著影响（P>0.05），但L-Ile组料重比较对照组显著增加（P<0.05）；随着饲粮异亮氨酸水平的增加，肥育猪背最长肌肌内脂肪含量线性提高（P<0.05），而剪切力线性下降（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，采食异亮氨酸缺乏饲粮的肥育猪的背膘厚、眼肌面积和肉色评分显著降低（P<0.05），采食异亮氨酸缺乏或超量添加饲粮的肥育猪的热胴体重、屠宰率以及背最长肌滴水损失和黄度值均显著降低（P<0.05）；随着饲粮异亮氨酸水平的增加，血清甘油三酯含量线性提高（P<0.05），血清尿素氮含量线性下降（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，采食异亮氨酸超量添加饲粮的肥育猪的血清葡萄糖含量显著增加（P<0.05），采食异亮氨酸缺乏饲粮的肥育猪的血清中游离的必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的浓度显著降低（P<0.05），而采食异亮氨酸缺乏或超量添加饲粮的肥育猪血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。由此得出，饲粮中异亮氨酸缺乏对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肌内脂肪含量有负面影响，而超量添加异亮氨酸会显著改善肌肉的剪切力和滴水损失，增加肌内脂肪含量，但会以降低热胴体重、屠宰率为代价。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本文主要研究颈静脉灌注精氨酸对泌乳奶牛养分消化和氮利用的影响。采用3×3拉丁方试验设计，6头体重、胎次、泌乳期、泌乳量、体况基本一致的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为3组（每组2头）：酪蛋白模式组（颈静脉灌注酪蛋白模式的氨基酸混合物，对照组）、精氨酸组（颈静脉灌注精氨酸）、丙氨酸组（颈静脉灌注与精氨酸组等氮的丙氨酸）；每试验期22 d，包括7 d的灌注期和15 d的间隔期。测定其尿、血清、乳中尿素氮浓度及养分表观消化率指标。结果表明：尿、血清中尿素氮浓度在组间无显著差异（P>0.05），精氨酸组乳中尿素氮浓度显著低于对照组和丙氨酸组（P<0.05）；精氨酸组干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率皆显著高于丙氨酸组（P<0.05）；乳蛋白氮产量以精氨酸组最高，显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）；乳蛋白氮占摄入氮比例也以精氨酸组最高。综上，灌注精氨酸对泌乳中期奶牛氮的消化、利用有一定的促进作用，可提高乳蛋白氮产量及其占摄入氮比例。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本文旨在研究颈静脉灌注精氨酸对泌乳中期奶牛泌乳性能和牛乳酪蛋白合成的影响。将6头体重、胎次、泌乳期、泌乳量和体况基本一致的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为3组（每组2头）：酪蛋白模式组（对照组）、精氨酸灌注组、丙氨酸等氮组（与精氨酸灌注组等氮），采用3×3复拉丁方试验设计，每期22 d（7 d灌注期+15 d间隔期），测定其泌乳性能、酪蛋白含量以及酪蛋白基因的表达情况。结果表明：1）灌注的第5天精氨酸灌注组的乳蛋白及乳中非脂固形物含量均显著高于酪蛋白模式组（P0.05）；κ-酪蛋白含量则以精氨酸灌注组为最高，显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）。3）精氨酸灌注组αs1-酪蛋白基因（CSN1S1）、αs2-酪蛋白基因（CSN1S2）的表达量显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）。综上，灌注精氨酸提高了乳蛋白中α-酪蛋白和κ-酪蛋白含量，以及CSN1S1、CSN1S2在奶牛乳腺组织的表达量，有利于牛乳中乳蛋白率和乳品质的提高。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加稀土壳糖胺螯合盐（rare earth-chitosan chelate，RECC）对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、营养物质消化率及粪中微生物菌群的影响。试验选取240头28日龄健康纯种大白仔猪，随机分成4组，每组4个重复，每个重复15头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.02%、0.03%和0.04% RECC的饲粮。试验期28 d。结果显示：1）与对照组相比，饲粮添加0.02%和0.03% RECC显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量（P0.05），但有降低大肠杆菌数的趋势。综上所述，饲粮中添加RECC可以通过提高断奶仔猪体内的激素含量、调节微生物平衡，进而改善仔猪的生长、免疫等功能，且RECC在断奶仔猪中较为适宜的添加量为0.02%。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：调控猪各个阶段的采食量是动物营养研究的热点问题。风味剂主要有香味剂、甜味剂、鲜味剂，可以改善饲粮的适口性，提高猪对饲粮的喜爱程度，也可以缓解因环境变化、饲料原料改变等应激反应导致的采食量下降。猪的嗅觉系统特别发达，灵敏度很高，味觉也要比人类敏感，因此在饲粮中添加风味剂主要通过刺激猪的嗅觉和味觉来使摄食中枢兴奋，进而促进猪采食。本文综述了饲粮中添加风味剂对猪采食量的影响及其作用机理，为相关试验提供理论依据。
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