Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In this paper, we study in Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. species by the method of combining phenotypic characteristics (morphology, anatomy and chemistry) with genotypic characteristics (ITS sequence). The aims of this present paper are to clarify the status of some species and explore the relationship between phenotype and genotype in Rhizocarpon. During the study on Rhizocarpon species from southwest China, R. sichuanense Y. M. Zhang, L. Hu & W. C. Wang sp. nov. is described as a new species in this genus. The new species is morphologically similar to R. cinereonigrum Vain and R. sinense Zahlbr., which also produces brown thallus, medulla I-, 8-spored ascus and brown ascospores with 1-septa. But it can be distinguished by the scattered, areolate to subsquamulose thallus, a distinct black prothallus, large ascospores [(27–)32–42.5 × 12.5–17.5(–20) μm] and the presence of barbatic acid in the thallus. In phylogenetic trees, it is also similar to R. badioatrum (Flörke ex Spreng. ) Th. Fr. which can be distinguished by the more continuous thallus with diffractaic acid or without secondary products, and the smaller spores (23–36 × 13–16 μm) than this new species. The phylogenic results are as follows: (1) The new species R. sichuanense belongs to Badioatrum group which belongs to R. subg. Phaeothallus ; (2) It is unsuitable to classify some groups only based on anatomical characteristics (spore size and separation type) in Rhizocarpon, the chemical characteristics should also be considered. In this paper, the achievement of ITS sequences provide the basic data for an establishment of a more reasonable and natural classification system. In addition, we provide high resolution pictures of morphological, anatomical and chemical characteristics as well as detailed descriptions of the new species. The key to the species of R. subg. Phaeothallus with 1-septa brown spore (Badioatrum group) in the world is also provided, which will provide basic data for the further studys in this group.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Camellia minima, a rare and endangered species of Sect. Chrysantha, has not been previously explored in terms of its chloroplast genome. Utilizing the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, the chloroplast genome sequence of C. minima was sequenced, assembled, annotated, and analysed, The results showed that: (1) The chloroplast genome of C. minima was 156 961 bp in length, embodies a typical tetrad structure, and contains 136 annotated genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 41 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. (2) The analysis identified 66 SSR loci and 39 repetitive sequences. (3) Codons prefer to use codons ending in A/U. Comprehensive ENC mapping, PR2-plot, and neutral analyses suggest natural selection as a primary factor shaping codon usage patterns. (4) Boundary analysis indicated variation in the length and position of the ycf1 gene among different species of yellow Camellia. (5) Phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genomes of published species of Sect. Chrysantha revealed that C. minima was most closely related to C. micrantha. This study provides crucial insights for exploring species evolution and enhancing exogenous gene expression, establishing a theoretical foundation for the conservation and utilization of species of Sect. Chrysantha in the future.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In this study, the ecological adaptation mechanisms of Anemone shikokiana in two distinct habitats, namely full-light hilltop scrub and shady mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest, were researched by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology for leaves collected during the flowering stage. Moreover, EST-SSR molecular markers were developed based on SSR locus distribution characteristics. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 53 536 Unigenes sequences were obtained, of which 27 448 were successfully annotated. (2) 5 635 DEGs were obtained after filtering the low abundance genes, 1 600 up-regulated and 4 035 down-regulated genes comparing A. shikokiana in full-light hilltop scrub and in shady mixed coniferous forest. GO classification results showed that 2 460 DEGs were annotated to 2 533 tertiary entries. In addition, 1 051 DEGs were involved in 113 KEGG pathways. (3) The comprehensive analysis of the photosynthesis-antennal proteins pathway related genes revealed that the expression of lhca5 was significantly higher, while the expression of lhca1, lhca2 and lhca3 was significantly lower. Meanwhile, the comprehensive analysis of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway related genes revealed that the expression of chs, c4h, f3’h, f3h, fls, ans, chi, ccoaomt and hct was significantly higher. (4) A total of 6 006 unigenes containing 7 146 SSRs were identified among 53 536 unigenes by using MISA software from the transcriptome data of A.shikokiana. In the identified SSRs, the dominant repeat motifs were single nucleotide repeats in 106 repetitive motif types. Among the 100 pairs of EST-SSR primers, a total of 68 pairs were effective and 11 pairs with polymorphism, and 24 polymorphic fragments were amplified. Overall, in this paper, the adaptation mechanisms of A.shikokiana in heterogeneous habitats were analyzed at the molecular level, and for the first time EST-SSR molecular markers were developed to fill the gap in this area, which would provide important molecular marker resource for the conservation and utilization of this species.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To investigate the impact of topography on the understory biomass, this study employed a nested design and conducted surveys in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, involving a total of 138 plots within closed forests, comprising 1 685 plant quadrats. The analysis of the effect of topography on understory biomass was carried out using nested analysis of variance and an ordinal logistic regression model. The results showed: (1) Among different slope positions, the biomass of understory in valleys was higher than on upper slopes, and the footslopes where the understory biomass was the lowest (P < 0.01). The biomass of understory on shaded slopes was lower than on sunny slopes and flat terrain (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the latter two. In terms of different slope gradients, the biomass of understory on steep slopes was higher than on moderate slopes, and moderate slopes had higher biomass than gentle slopes (P < 0.01). (2) There was a significant interaction between slope position and aspect. The biomass of understory was highest on flat terrain at the foot slope, flat terrain on upper slopes, sunny slopes, and in valleys among all slope positions. There was no significant difference in biomass among shaded slopes, sunny slopes, and shaded slopes on upper slopes. (3) Logistic regression analysis of the current state of the study area showed that the probability of high or low understory biomass varied across different combinations of elevation, slope position, and slope aspect. Slope position, aspect, and gradient had significant effects on the biomass of understory. Among the three slope positions, the biomass was highest in valley and lowest on foot slopes. Among the three slope gradients, steep slopes had the highest biomass, while gentle slopes had the lowest. Shaded slopes had the lowest biomass compared to other slope aspects. (4) Considering the realistic situation of human disturbance and forest grazing, steep slope areas in valleys had the highest probability of high understory biomass. This study can provide important references for accurately estimating the carrying capacity of understory for preys populations of tiger and leopard in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, thereby offering a scientific basis for the conservation and management of endangered tigers and leopards.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore expression level of alkaloid and its synthetase gene in Isatis indigotica upon Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin exposure. Our study verified grade of disease severity according to morphology. Moreover, histological, physiological, biochemical parameters have been collected together with transcriptomics and metabolomic analysis in Isatis indigotica after infection at time scale 0, 7, 14, 21 d. Results showed that: (1) After infect with P. brassicae, I. indigotica showed club roots grade in 0, 1, 3, and 5 respectively at 7, 14, 21 d, notably, cortical invasion occurred on 7 d. (2) Our study revealed when P. brassicae exposes lasting 14 d later, the level of soluble protein and malondialdehyde, along with superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activity in I. indigotica increased significantly compared to control group at time depended manner. (3) A total of 161 alkaloids were detected in metabolomics, among those alkaloids, indoles were noticed as the most abundant form. There were 16, 17 and 39 discriminating metabolites have been spotted after infected with P. brassicae at 7, 14, 21 d, the most discriminating metabolites enriched at alkaloid and amino acid metabolism pathways. (4) Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 2 439, 256 and 6 437 genes expression alteration at 7, 14, 21 d compared to control, those differentially expressed genes enriched at 11 alkaloids related metabolism pathways. Markedly, expression level of 9 genes (encoding for enzymes thebaine synthase, tyrosine aminotransferase, indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase) were increased after infection at 7, 14, 21 d. Our results revealed the interaction between P. brassicae and I. indigotica. The effects of P. brassicae on indole alkaloids and enzymic genes expression laid ground for studying genes mediate club root resistance and alkaloid secondary metabolic pathways in I. indigotica.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
ZHENG Huachan
MENG Lingru
HE Miao
HUANG Wenli
DAN Linwei
XU Hong
DENG Chong
ZHANG Huawei
JIANG Yi
SONG Xiaomei
Abstract： The aerial part of Panax japonicus was called “Zhuzishen Ye”, it is a characteristic Chinese herbal medicine in Qinba area. In order to rationally utilize “Zhuzishen Ye” and clarify its chemical constituents, the main chemical constituents of the saponins fraction from “Zhuzishen Ye” were analyzed with HPLC, the inhibitory activity and inhibition type of the saponins fraction of “Zhuzishen Ye” on lipase were determined, and the lipase inhibition mechanism and hypolipidemic effect were verified with molecular docking and animal experiments. The results were as follows: (1) The chemical constituents of saponins fraction from “Zhuzishen Ye” were 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg2, 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg2, Ginsenoside Rb2, Ginsenoside Rb3, Ginsenoside Rd and Ginsenoside Rh2. (2) The saponins fraction of “Zhuzishen Ye” and 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg2 had strong inhibitory effect on lipase with IC50 of 0.14 and 2.30 μmol·L-1 respectively. (3) The saponins fraction of Zhuzishen Ye, 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg2 and Ginsenoside Rb3 were all reversible inhibition, and the inhibition type was non-competitive inhibition. (4) The binding of ligands to ARG337B, ASP331B and ILE248B residues may help to improve the lipase inhibitory activity of ligands. (5) Saponins of “Zhuzishen Ye” could significantly reduce the content of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum of hyperlipidemia mice. This study laid a foundation for the further development and utilization of “Zhuzishen Ye”.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
LIANG Huizi
YANG Jisheng
QIN Yi
PAN Weihu
XIAO Yufei
HUANG Ronglin
WANG Renjie
JIANG Yi
LIU Xiongsheng
Abstract： Hopea chinensis is distributed in China and its seeds are typical stubbornness. In order to investigate the germination adaptability of seeds to temperature and moisture, we carried out an experiment with three different constant temperature (15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃) controlled by artificial climate incubators, and six polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) mass percentage concentrations (0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25% and 35%) were used to simulate drought stress. The germination characteristics of these seeds were carefully examined. The results were as follows: (1) Temperature exerted a significant influence on seed germination. Regardless of the level of drought stress applied, higher temperatures positively affected the germination rate, germination energy, germination index, radicle length, seeding length and vitality index of seeds, higher temperatures led to shorter germination delay and increased fluctuations in the germination period. (2) Drought stress had a significant impact on seed germination. Under identical temperature conditions, increasing levels of drought stress resulted in reduced germination rate, germination energy, germination index, germination period, radicle length, seeding length and vitality index of seeds. Moreover, higher levels of drought stress led to longer in germination delay of seeds. (3) The interaction between temperature and drought stress had a significant influenced on seed germination. Under drought stress, seed germination exhibited different responses under different temperature conditions. Specifically, under conditions where a PEG-6000 concentration of 35% was applied as drought stress treatment, the germination rates at temperatures of 20 °C and 25 °C were significantly higher than those observed at 15 °C (8.89% and 15.55% compared to lower rates at 15 °C). However, it was important to note that when subjected to both 35% PEG-6000 and a temperature of 15 °C, the seeds no longer germinate. In summary, our results indicate that the suitable temperatures for seed germination are identified as being around 20 °C and 25 °C. It is determined that the most favorable temperature for early seedling growth is 25 °C. As the drought stress intensifies, the inhibitory effect on seed germination become stronger. These findings suggest that temperature plays a positive role in promoting seed germination, while drought stress can significantly hinder this process. Additionally, moderate warming can help alleviate the inhibitory effect of drought stress on seed germination.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The purpose of the study was to characterize the changes in soil microbial abundance and diversity and carbon utilization of Podocarpus macrophyllus by adding different levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), to reveal the response of P. macrophyllus soil microorganisms to different nutrient levels of N, P and K and to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization and management of P. macrophyllus from the perspective of microorganisms. Using two-year old P. macrophyllus seedlings as the test species, the researchers controlled the gradient of N, P and K nutrient levels using the L9 orthogonal test in the potted soil. The dilution plate coating method and Biolog-ECO microplate method were used to explore the effects of different soil nutrient levels on the amount and community diversity of P. macrophyllus soil microorganisms and their utilization characteristics of six carbon sources. The results showed that the number of soil bacteria (P < 0.05) and actinomycetes (P < 0.001) decreased while the number of fungi (P < 0.001) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (P < 0.01) increased significantly when different levels of N, P, and K were added. Additionally, the Pielou index (P < 0.001) of the soil microbial community decreased, and the Simpson index (P < 0.05) and McIntosh index (P < 0.001) increased with increasing N addition. This reduced the intensity of utilization of six carbon sources by soil microorganisms, especially the intensity of utilization of difficult carbon sources such as amines (P < 0.001), carboxylic acids (P < 0.001), polymers (P < 0.001) and other compounds (P < 0.001). The increase in P addition significantly reduced the Shannon index of soil microbial community (P < 0.05), while the increase in K addition significantly reduced the Shannon index (P < 0.05) and Pielou index (P < 0.05) of the soil microbial community and the intensity of utilization of two easily available carbon sources, carbohydrates (P < 0.001) and amino acids (P < 0.01), by the microbial community. In conclusion, N addition and K addition are the main factors affecting the functional diversity of soil microbial communities of P. macrophyllus. Attention should be paid to the cultivation of P. macrophyllus by applying fertilizer in small amounts and multiple times, reducing the addition of N and K, and appropriately increasing the addition of P to promote the growth of P. macrophyllus and its sustainable cultivation.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Glinous sorghum is an important raw material for the production of baijiu. During its growth process, glinous sorghum requires a substantial amount of chemical fertilizers. As an environmentally friendly fertilizer, microbial agent has great prospects in future. The aim of this paper is to develop a growth promoting microbial agent for glutinous sorghum. In this study, the glutinous sorghum leaves were used as experimental materials to isolate and screen microbial strains with plant growth hormone IAA (indole acetic acid) production ability. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the taxonomic status of these microbial strains based on the 16S rDNA conserved sequences. The effects of the strains on glutinous sorghum seed germination was analyzed by soaking the seeds with bacterial suspension. The effect of strain on the sorghum seedlings growth was analyzed by pot experiment. The results were as follows: (1) Four microbial strains capable of producing IAA were isolated and screened from glutinous sorghum leaves, designated as HY1-1, HY1-2, HY1-3, and HY1-4. Among them, HY1-1 exhibited the highest IAA production per unit concentration which was 2.56 mol·L-1. (2) Bayesian inference tree analysis based on the 16S rDNA sequences revealed that all four strains belonged to Bacillus subtilis. (3) HY1-1, HY1-2, HY1-3, and HY1-4 could promote the glutinous sorghum seed germination rates. Compared to the control groups, the germination rates of glutinous sorghum seeds soaked in bacterial suspension significantly increased by 40.04% to 165.52%. Among them, HY1-1 demonstrated the most prominent promotion effect, with a germination rate increase of 165.52%. (4) HY1-1 strain was selected for a pot experiment. After 30 days of inoculation on the roots of glutinous sorghum seedlings, the stem heights of the seedlings significantly increased by 29.17%, and total phosphorus content increased significantly by 5.12%. The rhizosphere substrate of glutinous sorghum exhibited a significant increase in available nitrogen content by 31.70% and available phosphorus content by 28.88%. B. subtilis HY1-1, an endophytic bacterium in glutinous sorghum leaves, can promote the growth of glutinous sorghum plants by secreting the plant growth hormone IAA and providing necessary nutrients. This study provides genetic resources for the further development of microbial agents targeting the growth promotion of glutinous sorghum.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The Quercus subsect. Campylolepides contains three species: Q. acutissima Carruth., Q. variabilis Blume and Q. chenii Nakai, which is the East Asian clade of Quercus section Cerris. Species formation and phylogeography of whole subsection or species within the subsection have been studied in detail. It was also found that the Q. section Cerris had an ancient gene introgression with the Q. section Ilex, which led to the plastid capture. However, the specific evolutionary history of plastids in Q. subsect. Campylolepides and Q. section Ilex remains unclear. Our study performed low-coverage whole genome sequencing on 15 samples from Q. section Ilex and integrated previously published data from Q. subsect. Campylolepides and its relatives, resulting in a total of 325 resequencing data, of which 276 individuals were from three Q. subsect. Campylolepides species and 19 populations. We assembled 325 plastids to perform phylogeographic analysis. The results were as follows: (1) There are shared haplotypes among three species of Q. subsect. Campylolepides, but the plastid haplotypes of the entire Q. Subsect.Campylolepides form a monophyletic branch nested within the Q. section Ilex species which are distributed from central China to Liangshan, Sichuan. (2) A relict haplotype of Q. subsection. Campylolepides from the Liaodong Peninsula clustered with Q. pseudosetulosa Q.S.Li & T.Y.Tu, a specie of the Q. section Ilex. (3) Both plastid capture events occurred in the middle Miocene, after which no plastid capture occurred between Quercus Subsect. Campylolepides and Quercus section Ilex. It is hypothesized that Q. subsect. Campylolepides and Q. section Ilex have formed almost complete reproductive isolation.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore the responses of physiological and biochemical and mechanism of molecular regulatory for grape dormancy breaking with cyanamide, Vitis vinifera×V. labrusca ‘Shuijing’ was used as experimental materials in this study to determine the changes in SOD, POD, CAT activity, MDA and H2O2 content, and oxygen free radical production rate, and RT-PCR technology was used to clone the full-length cDNA sequences of two FT (Flowering location T) genes (VvFT1 and VvFT2) and one CBF (C-repeat binding factor) gene (VvCBF) from its buds, then their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic evolution, conserved motifs and domains, and differences expression levels in grape buds after cyanamide treatment were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators results showed that SOD, POD and CAT activities, MDA and H2O2 contents, and the rate of oxygen free radical production in grape buds were significantly increased after treated with cyanamide. (2) The full-lengths cDNA sequences of VvFT1 and VvFT2 genes were 525 bp from Vitis vinifera×V. labrusca ‘Shuijing’, encoding 174 aa, and the full-lengths cDNA sequences of VvCBF gene was 714 bp, encoding 237 aa. (3) The homology analysis results showed that VvFT1 of Vitis vinifera×V. labrusca ‘Shuijing’ had the highest amino acid homology with Litchi chinensis (LcFT: AEU08960.1) and Dimocarpus longan (DlFT2: ALA55998.1), VvFT2 had the highest amino acid homology with LcFT (AEU08961.1) and DlFT2 (AHF27444.1). The phylogenetic analysis result showed that VvFT1, VvFT2, LcFT (AEU08960.1; AEU08961.1) and DlFT2 (ALA55998.1; AHF27444.1) clustered into a branch, with the most closes genetic relationship; VvCBF had the highest amino acid homology with Prunus ledebouriana (PlCBF: AEB69782.1), and the phylogenetic analysis showed that VvCBF and PlCBF clustered into a branch, with the most closest genetic relationship. (4) qRT-PCR analysis showed that VvFT1 and VvFT2 expression levels were significantly increased in buds after treated with cyanamide, while VvCBF expression levels was significantly decreased. In summary, this study comprehensively analyzed the phylogenetic evolution of VvFT1, VvFT2, and VvCBF genes, as well as the expression patterns of these genes and physiological and biochemical indicators in grape buds after treated with cyanamide, laying a theoretical foundation for the molecular and physiological mechanisms of grape dormancy breaking with cyanamide.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Liupao’ is the main raw material for making Liupao tea. To explore the genetic background of C. sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Liupao’, especially its phylogenetic position and evolutionary history, 27 and five individuals of C. sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Liupao’ and C. costata were sampled for genome skimming and transcriptomic sequencing. The phylogenetic relationship between C. sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Liupao’ and other Camellia was reconstructed, the divergence time of the chloroplast genome sequences of C. sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Liupao’ was estimated, and the genetic diversity was investigated. The results were as follows: (1) On the chloroplast tree, 27 samples of C. sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Liupao’ were divided into two distantly-related groups, one was nested within a clade mainly consisting of C. sinensis, being interspersed among other cultivated C. sinensis, while the other group formed as a well supported lineage that was most closely-related to and nested within C. costata; On the nuclear gene tree, however, all the 27 samples formed a clade with other C. sinensis as well as some other Camellia species with generally unresolved relationships among them. Despite the lack of resolution in this clade, it was definitely far separated from C. costata; The cytonuclear phylogenetic conflict suggested once ancient introgression hybridization of C. costata with the ancestor of some C. sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Liupao’ individuals so that the latter captured the chloroplast genome of the former. (2) The time estimate indicated that the introgression hybridization event occurred in the Quaternary period, ca. 1.55 million years ago, long before the history of tea cultivation and production by humans. (3) In addition, both the chloroplast genomes and nuclear genes revealed that the C. sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Liupao’ had high haplotype diversity, possessing high evolutionary potential. This study could provide important references for the germplasm protection, breeding, and utilization of high-quality C. sinensis var. sinensis cv. ‘Liupao’ strains.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The seeds are invariably exposed to high temperature conditions since global warming frequently causes abnormally high temperatures. This study used intermediate Citrus maxima ‘Mansailong’ seeds as the research material, heated the seeds at different developmental stages, and simultaneously detected changes in seed morphology, contents of soluble and heat-stable proteins, and cellular ultrastructure in order to investigate the physiological basis of high-temperature tolerance in seeds. The results were as follows: (1) The seed moisture content dramatically dropped between 23 and 49 WAF (weeks after flowering), whereas the percentage of DW/FW and fresh weight increased significantly. All of these indicators began to change quickly from 31 WAF and stabilized around 41 WAF. (2) At 29 WAF, the seeds acquired full seedling formation ability and a preliminary tolerance to high temperatures; from there, the high-temperature tolerance gradually grew and improved quickly between 37 and 49 WAF. The improvement in high-temperature tolerance was accompanied by a steady increase in the contents of soluble and heat-stable protein in seeds, from 23 to 49 WAF. The results of the correlation analysis showed a substantial positive correlation between the accumulation of heat-stable and soluble proteins and the ability of seeds to tolerate high temperatures. (3) Ultrastructural observation showed that the number of mitochondria progressively dropped as the seed developed, the volume of the embryonic axis cells gradually decreased, and the number of lipid bodies in the cells gradually rose and their arrangement became more and more regular. In addition, the vacuoles enlarge at the same time, and at a later stage, they were packed with black floccules. In conclusion, the Citrus maxima ‘Mansailong’ seeds reached physiological maturity at 41 WAF without any noticeable maturation drying; the ability to withstand high temperatures was acquired during seed development and was further enhanced until a later stage; changes in cellural ultrastructure and an increase in soluble and heat-stable protein contents of the seeds were essential in helping the seeds develop their high-temperature tolerance.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The purpose of this study is to investigate the species diversity of Malmidea in China and further identify its species composition and distribution. Three new records of Malmidea are reported from China, M. indica (D. D. Awasthi & M. R. Agarwal) Hafellner & T. Sprib, M. reunionis Kalb and M. hechicerae Kalb. The specimens were collected from Yunnan Province. Detailed descriptions and illustrations were provided for each species. A key to all known Chinese Malmidea species was also provided. This study enrich the diversity of Malmidea in China, and has some significance for the conservation and study of lichen diversity of China.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The paper clarifies the molecular bioinformatics characteristics and tissue expression patterns of the COBRA gene family members of Huperzia serrata, to provide a basis for further research on COBRA genes. Based on the full-length transcriptome data of the Huperzia serrata, the physicochemical properties, domains, conserved motifs, cis-acting elements, and genes expression of the family members ( HsCOBRAs ) were analyzed by bioinformatics techniques. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 24 HsCOBRAs family members were screened in the full-length transcriptome of Huperzia serrata, including 9 acidic proteins, 11 stabilizing proteins, 5 hydrophobic proteins, 7 proteins with transmembrane structures, and 3 proteins with signal peptides. (2) Subcellular localization was found in the cell wall, chloroplast, nucleus, and cell membrane. (3) Structural analysis revealed that HsCOBRAs have 7 domains and 6 conserved motifs, and partial members have a highly conserved CCVS structure. (4) HsCOBRAs have 46 cis-acting elements such as CAAT-box and TATA-box. (5) HsCOBRA2 had the highest expressionin in leaves, spores, stems and gemma. The molecular bioinformatics and expression characterization of the COBRA gene family of Huperzia serrata can provide theoretical basis for further research and biological function verification of HsCOBRAs.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore the feasibility of constructing a tobacco mutant library using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, the study designed sgRNAs of 100 aroma related genes in tobacco, constructed a plasmid library composed of 100 corresponding CRISPR/Cas9 editing vectors, and analyzed the co-transformation rate, target editing efficiency, and off-target editing rate of transgenic offspring. The results were as follows: (1) After co-transformation of 100 sgRNAs mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, 77 of them were detected in 172 positive transformation strains, with a co-transformation efficiency of 77%; (2) Among 77 transgenic offspring carrying sgRNA, 69 sgRNAs edited the target genes, with an editing efficiency of 89.6%; (3) Sequencing detection revealed that only one sgRNA produced off-target editing at a non-target site, indicating a very low probability of off-target editing of CRISPR/Cas9 in tobacco. In summary, it is feasible to construct a mutant library by the co-transformation of a CRISPR/Cas9 vector library to edit a large number of candidate target genes in tobacco. This method has the characteristics of the high co-transformation efficiency, the high editing efficiency, and the low probability of off target editing.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To provide researh data for the phylogenetic evolution, classification and identification of plants in sect. Tuberculata of Camellia genus, 10 species of the section, leaf epidermal micromorphology and pollen morphology were observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and based on pollen features and leaf epidermal features to clustered separately. The results were as follows: (1) 10 species have no significant difference in morphology and size, the pollen shape is prolate, subspheroidal or oblatesphere; the outline of pollen in polar view is trilete rounded or trilete regular teiangular; the outline in equatorial view is oblong, P/E rangs from 0.85 to 1.16; tricolporate aperature. The exine sculpture is different significantly, the featuee have coarsely warty, foveolate reticulate or rugulate with beadedmun and is important classification value for sect. Tuberculata. (2) The cluster analysis of the measurement index showed that when the euclidean distance is 4.5, the 10 species are divided into 4 groups, and some of the classification results are the same as the macroscopic morphological classification. (3) The leaf epidermal cells of 10 species are irregular or straight, with great morphological differences among species. There are gland in the upper and lower epidermis of C. zengii, C. rhytidophylla and C. rubimuricata; cyclic type stomata are only distributed in the lower epidermis; three shape of anticlinal wall pattern shape have sinuolate, sinuous, repand and sinuate. In addition, the cell size and stomatal features (size and density) of leaf epidermis micromorphology were significantly different between species. This study shows that pollen morphology and leaf epidermal micromorphology are diverse in the sect. Tuberculata, which could be used as the basis for distinguishing some closely related species in the sect. Tuberculata.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the physiology of Pyrrosia petiolosa as well as the synthesis and accumulation of chlorogenic acid, tissue culture seedlings of P. petiolosa were used as materials, and three concentration gradients of low nutrient ( no fertilization : N0, P0, K0 ), normal fertilization ( N : 0.2 g·kg-1, P : 0.15g·kg-1, K : 0.15 g·kg-1 ) and high nutrient ( N1 : 0.4 g·kg-1, P1 : 0.3 g·kg-1, K1 : 0.3 g·kg-1) were set up. There were seven treatments set up: NPK、N0PK、N1PK、NP0K、NP1K、NPK0 and NPK1, and the resistance physiological indexes, chlorogenic acid content and key enzyme activities of P. petiolosa under different treatments were determined. The results were as follows: (1) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers had a significant effect on the resistance physiology of P. petiolosa. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased significantly under high nitrogen and low potassium treatments, but catalase (CAT) activity rose significantly under low and high treatments of the three nutrients. (2) The content of chlorogenic acid in P. petiolosa was significantly affected by different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The chlorogenic acid level in normal fertilization was the highest, reaching 12.92 mg·g-1, while the chlorogenic acid content in high potassium fertilization was the lowest, 7.79 mg·g-1. Potassium fertilizer had the most significant effect on chlorogenic acid content. The content of chlorogenic acid was positively correlated with the activities of quinate o-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) and coumaroyl coenzyme ligase (4CL), and negatively correlated with the activity of shikimate o-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT). HQT, 4CL and HCT were the key factors leading to the difference of chlorogenic acid content. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the artificial cultivation of P. petiolosa.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to adjust the structure of inefficient Pinus massoniana forest and explore the dynamic changes for DOC during the mixed decomposition process of P. massoniana and native broad-leaved tree species. Our research focuses on the leaf litter of P. massoniana, Cinnamomum camphora and Toona sinensi, and combine them into the 15 treatments (3 single tree treatments + 12 mixed treatments) according to different tree species combinations and mass ratios, and then conducted field decomposition experiments to further explore the optimal combination for DOC release. The results showed that: (1) DOC content of Pinus massoniana and most of mixed treatments (except for PT64) significantly increased during the early stages of decomposition (0-6 months), leading to carbon enrichment. The DOC content of leaf litter decreased with the extension of decomposition time, and also exhibit carbon enrichment in small degree during the middle to late stages of decomposition (12-18 months) or the late stages of decomposition (18-24 months). Mixed leaf litter showed that the higher the proportion of broad leaves, the lower the DOC content in the later stage. (2) The antagonistic effect of DOC release rate in the early stage of decomposition (0-6 months) was strong (58.33%), and its synergistic effect gradually strengthened (91.67%) after 6-18 months. But the synergistic effect of leaf litter weakened (66.67%) during the late stage of decomposition (18-24 months). Among all mixed treatments, PT64 exhibited synergistic effects throughout the entire decomposition period, followed by PT73, PCT622 and PCT613(3/4). (3) Partial Least-Squares Regression (PLS) showed that N content, P content, lignin content, condensed tannin content, C/N, C/N, lignin/N, and lignin/P were important factors affecting the release of DOC from litter in this study area. Overall, the DOC release from mixed P. massoniana and broad-leaved litter was affected by tree species, mixing ratio and decomposition time. Among all of the mixtures, PT64, PT73, PCT622 and PCT613 showed strong synergistic effects for DOC release.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Primulina pingguoensis H.S. Ma & B. Pan, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, is illustrated and described here. The new species morphologically resembles Primulina carinata Y.G. Wei, F. Wen & H.Z. Lü, but it differs from the latter by lobes narrowly lanceolate-linear，length-width ratio >2 (rounded-ovate，length-width ratio <1.5), 8–10 purple stripes from corolla throat to the bottom of corolla tube, without honey guides (vs. brown stripes, 2 yellow honey guides inside, leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate, 6.5–9.5 × 4.5–6.5 cm (vs. broadly elliptic to ovate, 4.0–5.0 × 3.0–4.0 cm), leaf blade base slightly cuneate (vs. rounded), corolla tube tubular, ventrally carinate, (vs. narrowly funnelform, strongly carinate, forming a clear keel), etc. The conservation status of P. pingguoensis is considered as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) according to the IUCN red list categories and criteria.
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