Subjects: Biology >> Other Disciplines of Biology submitted time 2022-12-04
Abstract：
Inflammation is one of the crucial pathological factors of numerous diseases. It is critical to search for new strategies to decrease inflammation-produced damage. Our previous study has reported that Koisio technology-produced cell culture media produced increased antioxidant capacity of cell cultures. Since oxidative stress plays a significant role in inflammation-produced tissue injury, in our current study we used a mouse model of acute colon inflammation to test our hypothesis that Koisio technology-produced water may decrease inflammation-produced tissue damage. Our study has obtained evidence supporting the hypothesis: First, Koisio technology-produced water significantly attenuated inflammation-induced shortening of colon length in the mouse model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium salt (DSS)-induced acute colon inflammation; second, Koisio technology-produced water significantly attenuated colon inflammation-induced increase in DAI in the mouse model; third, Koisio technology-produced water significantly attenuated colon inflammation-induced increase in the Spleen Index in the mouse model; and fourth, Koisio technology-produced water significantly attenuated the increases in the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity in the mouse model. Collectively, our study has provided novel evidence suggesting that Koisio technology-produced water can decrease inflammation-induced tissue damage in the mouse model of acute colon inflammation.
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Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-11-25 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract：
New middle Eocene rodent fossils discovered from the lower part of the Shara Murun Formation of Ula Usu, Erlian Basin, Nei Mongol, China, the classical locality of Sharamurunian mammalian fauna, were identified as 9 separate species (the ctenodactyloids Yuomys cavioides, Gobiomys neimongolensis, G. exiguus, and G. asiaticus, the dipodids Allosminthus uniconjugatus and Primisminthus shanghenus, the cricetid Pappocricetodon rencunensis, the ischyromyid Hulgana cf. H. ertnia, and the cylindrodontid Proardynomys ulausuensis) belonging to 7 genera, 4 families, and 1 superfamily of Rodentia. The Ula Usu rodent assemblage shares a high degree of similarity with that from the “Lower Red” beds of the Erden Obo, and they both represent the typical Sharamurunian rodent assemblages found in northern China. The Sharamurunian rodent fauna in the Erlian Basin is analyzed by the minimum number of individuals based on the rodent materials from the lower part of the Shara Murun Formation in the Ula Usu and the “Lower Red” beds of the Erden Obo. In the Sharamurunian rodent fauna of the Erlian Basin, ctenodactyloids are the most dominant elements, and dipodids and cricetids follow next in prevalence. By analyzing the evolution of the rodent species richness in the Erlian Basin, the rodent faunas show a transformation from a ctenodactyloid dominant assemblage to a cricetid-dipodid dominant one in chronological order. The Sharamurunian rodent fauna from the Erlian Basin differs from that of the Yuanqu Basin and the differences in the rodent assemblages may be a response to the differences between the regional environments.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-11-25 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract：
The pelvic morphology, and whether the pelvic fin is present or absent in the earliest jawed vertebrates are key in interpreting the origin of vertebrate paired fins. Parayunnanolepis xitunensis, an antiarch placoderm from the Early Devonian of Yunnan, South China, was previously described to possess the earliest evidence of both dermal and endoskeletal pelvic girdles, presumably for the attachment of the pelvic fins. Here, we redescribe the pelvic region of the holotype based on high-resolution computed tomographic data. Instead of having two large plates previously designated as dermal pelvic girdles, Parayunnanolepis possesses three pairs of lateral pelvic plates, and one large oval median pelvic plate. The paired pelvic plates are flat ventral plates, and differ from other dermal pelvic girdles in lacking a dorsal extension. There is no definitive evidence for the presence of an endoskeletal pelvic girdle in Parayunnanolepis, although the possibility cannot be ruled out. A comparison of the dermal pelvic plates in various jawed stem-gnathostomes suggests the presence of both paired and median pelvic plates is shared by different lineages and might be plesiomorphic. The jawed stem-gnathostomes may have recruited the ventral dermal skeleton of the post-thoracic body into different functional units.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-10-16 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： The saurichthyiform fishes, characterized by a pointed rostrum and a streamlined long and slender body plan, ranked among the top predators of the ichthyofauna in the Early Mesozoic oceanic ecosystem. In a cosmopolitan pattern, these fishes rapidly radiated after the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) and diversified morphologically and ecologically during the Middle Triassic. Thereafter, they seemingly showed a notable shrinkage from a global distribution to an occurrence basically restricted to the western Paleo-Tethys realm since the Late Triassic. Specifically, there is no saurichthyiform fossil record so far from the marine Late Triassic of South China (eastern Paleo-Tethys), where contrastingly they were highly diversified in stratigraphically older Lagerstätten (Middle Triassic Panxian-Luoping and Xingyi biotas). Here we report the discovery of Saurichthys taotie sp. nov. from the Guanling biota of Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, southwestern China. This new species is a medium-sized Saurichthys featured by subtriangular subopercles ornamented with densely arranged vertical striae, faint ornamentation on the posterior part of the skull roof, and strong longitudinal ridges decorating the anterodorsal surface of the rostrum. By marking its own group’s first occurrence in the Late Triassic of eastern Paleo-Tethyan province, Saurichthys taotie suggests that the saurichthyiform fishes were actually much more widespread than previously thought during that geological stage when they showed a considerable decline in the diversity. By still possessing some features previously only seen in its Early Triassic congeners elsewhere, Saurichthys taotie sheds new light on the evolutionary and paleobiogeographical history of saurichthyiform fishes.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-09-29 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： Abundant mammalian fossils were uncovered during the field exploration for Nihewan beds at the beginning of the 1980s along Xinyaozi Ravine at Nangaoya Township of Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province in North China. But most equid material was not yet described except that of Equus stenonis. Six forms of Nihewanian equids were confirmed from the Xinyaozi specimens in the present study, five of which were described for the first time. They include four stenonids such as Equus sanmeniensis, E. teilhardi, E. huanghoensis and E. stenonis, and two hipparionines such as Hipparion (Proboscidipparion) sinense and H. (Plesiohiparrion) shanxiense. The diversification of stenonids in the Early Pleistocene was significant in North China with four taxa in Xinyaozi alone. The persistence of Neogene relics such as hipparionines was still present in the Early Pleistocene with two hipparionine taxa in Xinyaozi. Equus sanmeniensis and H. (Proboscidipparion) sinense were two representative equids not only coexisted in the Early Pleistocene but also widely distributed in China. The diversity of equids also implies the diversified vegetation on which they depended. The hypsodont dentitions and well developed cement, as well as completely molarized premolars of Xinyaozi equids indicate their abrasive diet mostly on monocotyledonous and grassland habitats with considerable scales enough to nourish six taxa of equids.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is an important dioecious tree species of protective plantation with insufficiently documented on the sexual responses difference to environmental stress as well as the interaction between sexual competition and heavy metal stress. In order to provide the practical guidance for repairing heavy metal pollution in soil, the physiological responses and tolerance of male and female sea buckthorn plants under Mn stress and different gender interaction patterns were discussed. The physiological responses of sea buckthorn under Mn stress ( 4 000 mg·kg-1 ) and three different gender combinations ( female× female, male×male, female × male) were determined, including the contents of chlorophyll, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenols, free proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), betaine and manganese in male and female leaves. The results were as follows： (1) Under Mn stress, the SOD of male plants (M/FM) was the highest in all competition combinations, while the MDA content was not significantly increased compared with the controls, indicating that the male plants had better antioxidant capacity and less membrane oxidative damage. (2) M/FM accumulated more proline and showed better osmotic adjustment ability under Mn stress, indicating that male plants under sexual competition showed better tolerance to Mn stress. (3) The study indicated that male-female interaction and Mn stress interaction significantly affected the physiological response characteristics of sea buckthorn leaves, such as chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment. Principal component analysis showed that the contents of SOD, POD, MDA, chlorophyll b (Chlb), SS and Pro in leaves could be used as the main physiological response indicators. The results can be used as a reference for the remediation of soil heavy metal pollution by sea buckthorn plants.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To investigate rhizosphere soil and endophytic fungal community composition, diversity, and ecological functions in Kadsura coccinea, the endophytic fungal community from roots, stems, leaves, and rhizosphere soils of mature K. coccinea were analyzed based on highthroughput sequencing technology. The results were as follows:(1) A total of 2 241 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from 12 samples at 97% of sequence homology level. The OTUs of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi were 1 453, 386, 536 and 258, respectively, of which 18 OTUs were in common. There belong to 10 phyla, 41 classes, 95 orders, 212 families, and 367 genera, respectively. The dominant fungal communities at the phylum level in the endophytic and rhizosphere soil of K. coccinea are Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Among them, Ascomycota accounted for 96.99% and 95.37% of the endophytic fungal community in leaves and stems, respectively. At the genus level, the saprophytic fungi Mortierella accounted for a relatively high proportion (13.5%) in the rhizosphere soil, in contrast, pathogenic fungi such as Ascomycota and Mortierella were mainly found in vigorously growing tissues (leaves and stems). (2) Alpha diversity analysis showed that the richness and diversity of the fungal community in the rhizosphere soil of K. coccinea were significantly higher than those in endophytic fungi. Although the abundance of endophytic fungi in stems was significantly higher than that in roots and leaves, the differences in endophytic fungal diversity among roots, stems and leaves were not significant. The principal component analysis (PCoA) revealed that the fungal community structures of leaves and stems were more similar, and those of roots and rhizosphere soils were more similar. (3) The function of endophytic fungal communities in different tissues and rhizosphere of K. coccinea was predicted and analyzed by using FUNGuild platform. The results showed that the rhizosphere soil fungi and endophytic fungi contained a large number of unclassified fungi. Among the functionally classified fungi, the pathotroph functional group has a higher proportion in the vigorously growing tissues. This study provides a theoretical basis for the screening and exploring of active functional fungi in K. coccinea.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Inorder to study the effect of soil factors on the the growth and medicinal component of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, and to provide a support for the artificial cultivation, the biomass and the polyphyllins content of different samples from different origins were determined, and soil composition was measured. Then the correlation between soil factors and the growth ， and medicinal component were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1)There were differences in soil composition in different place, while the yield and polyphyllins content in samples in different place were quite different; (2)Correlation analysis showed that the dry weight was significantly positively correlated with organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkaline nitrogen, the polyphyllin I content was significantly positively related with organic matter and available phosphorus, the polyphyllin Ⅱ content was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus and available potassium; (3)Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the dry weight was dominantly affected by alkaline nitrogen, the polyphyllin I was dominantly affected by organic matter, the polyphyllins Ⅱ was dominantly affected by available phosphorus, and was linear negatively correlated with alkaline nitrogen. In summary, the main soil factors affecting dry weight was alkaline nitrogen, the main soil factors affecting the polyphyllin total content was organic matter and available phosphorus.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： TCP transcription factors are a type of plant-specific transcription factors, which have been implicated in multiple aspects of plant biological processes. To study the role of potato TCP transcription factors in response to low nitrogen fertilizer stress, here, four mRNA libraries from potato roots and leaves under the conditions of low nitrogen fertilizer (0.05 mmol稬-1) and sufficient nitrogen fertilizer (7.5 mmol稬-1) were constructed for transcriptome sequencing, respectively. Meanwhile, the differentially expressed TCP transcription factor were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 24 TCP transcription factors were identified in the four transcriptome libraries, and mainly distributed on the second, third and sixth chromosomes. (2) The analysis of domains showed that all of 24 TCP transcription factors contained basic- Helix-Loop-Helix domain. (3) The phylogenetic analysis showed that the TCP proteins of potato and Arabidopsis thaliana were closely related, and clustered into 10 subgroups. (4) Transcriptome sequencing results showed that the expression levels of most potato TCP transcription factors were suppressed by low nitrogen fertilizer stress. Among them, three TCP transcription factors were significantly differentially expressed in roots, while five TCP transcription factors were specifically expressed in leaves. (5) According to the GO functional analysis and the relationship between the potato and the A. thaliana TCP transcription factors, it is predicted that these TCP transcription factors are involved in response of potato to low-nitrogen fertilizer stress. The research provided a foundation for further study on the molecular role of transcription factors response to low nitrogen fertilizer stress in potato and other crops.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The phylogenetic status of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis has long been controversial and the interspecific relationships of some species are unclear. At present, chloroplast genomes have been used to solve the phylogenetic problems of subg. Quercus and Castanea in the Fagaceae, but there are few researches on solving the phylogenetic problems of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis with chloroplast genome information. To reveal the chloroplasts genome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of Q. ningangensis, Q. oxyodon, Q. gambleana and Quercus neglecta. In this study, mature leaves of the above four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis were selected for Next-generation sequencing, and the chloroplast genome structure and characteristics were analyzed, Phylogeny was studied in combination with related taxa. The results were as follows: (1) The chloroplast genome sequences of Q. ningangensis, Q. oxyodon, Q. gambleana and Q. neglecta were 160 906 bp, 160 883 bp, 160 832 bp and 160 784 bp, respectively. They all encoded 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. (2) The codons ending in A/T were preferred by the four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, and the variation regions of plastid genome mainly existed in non-coding regions. (3) According to IR boundary analysis, ycf1 pseudogene was found in four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis and expanded in IRb/SSC regions. (4) Phylogenetic analysis showed that Fagus and Trigonobalanus were differentiated early in Fagaceae, while subg Quercus did not form a monophyly. The results of phylogenetic tree based on chloroplast genome were consistent with the nuclear marker plasmid markers. Interspersed between Ilex group and Cerris group in subg Quercus. (5) The Flora of China and some local flora treated Q. gambleana as a separate species, while Zhou Zhekun and Deng Min et al. treated Q. gambleana as a subspecies according to the characteristics of leaves. The phylogenetic status of Q. gambleana is still controversial. Based on the chloroplast genome information and previous morphological analysis results, the present study supported the idea that Q. gambleana existed as an independent species. This study provides basic data for discussing the phylogenetic status of the Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, the division of its groups, and the resolution of doubtful relationships among them.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The limestone region in southwest Guangxi is defined as a priority area for biodiversity conservation and research not only at provincial but also national level. Through in-depth investigation in the two nature reserves of this region, twenty angiosperm species from 20 genera and 17 families were found as new records for the flora of Guangxi, including Wuodendron praecox (Hook. f. & Thomson) B. Xue, Y. H. Tan & X. L. Hou, Phoebe macrocarpa C. Y. Wu, Clematis fengii W. T. Wang, Trichosanthes tetragonosperma C. Y. Cheng & Yueh, Sorbus yunnanensis L. T. Lu, Elatostema longibracteatum W. T. Wang, Acer paihengii Fang, Cornus eydeana Q. Y. Xiang & Y. M. Shui, Rhododendron longipedicellatum Lei Cai & Y. P. Ma, Styrax roseus Dunn, Symplocos hookeri C. B. Clarke, Dicercoclados triplinervis C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Lysimachia pittosporoides C. Y. Wu, Lycianthes marlipoensis C. Y. Wu & S. C. Huang, Justicia multinodis Benoist, Scutellaria sichourensis C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li, Liparis bistriata C. S. P. Parish & Rchb. f., Peristylus tenuicallus Ormerod, Pinalia yunnanensis (S. C. Chen & Z. H. Tsi) S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood and Zeuxine integrilabella C. S. Leou. Among them, Wuodendron B. Xue, Y. H. Tan & Chaowasku and Dicercoclados C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen were new recorded genera of Guangxi. All species were annotated by morphological and distribution description, voucher specimens and pictures. In addition, based on collected materials, several key taxonomic characteristics of T. tetragonosperma and D. triplinervis were supplemented and revised respectively. Lastly, the biogeographic significance of these newly records as well as protection effectiveness of the reserves in limestone region of southwestern Guangxi were discussed.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Excentrodendron tonkinensis is a constructive species of karst seasonal rainforest and an obligate karst plant, which is also one of the national secondary key protected wild plant and an IUCN endangered plant, with high economic and ecological value. However, there is still a lack of understanding of how the potential suitable areas of Excentrodendron tonkinensis change in the context of global change and its key driving factors, which affect the scientific protection and utilization of Excentrodendron tonkinensis.To assess the impacts of climate change on the extents of the habitat of Excentrodendron tonkinensis, we used the Maximum-entropy model to analyze the potential changes in the geographical distribution in China of future climate scenarios SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5), and tested the influence of the karst geological background distribution on predicting the suitable areas of karst obligate plants. The results show that: (1) in the case of adding karst geological background data, the average AUC of the prediction model for the suitable area is 0.997, which has a good prediction effect. And the model prediction results are strictly limited to the karst region, consistent with the characteristics of Excentrodendron tonkinensis which is karst obligate plant; (2) According to the fitting results of the model, the karst geological background, precipitation of warmest quarter(800-950 mm), and the min temperature of coldest month(7-11 ℃) are the key factors limiting the distribution of Excentrodendron tonkinensis; (3) with the increase of temperature in the future, the area of potential suitable areas for Excentrodendron tonkinensis would expand to higher latitudes karst areas. Large numbers of areas of stable habitats exist in parts of southwest Guangxi and southeastern Yunnan. These results suggest that the karst geological distribution is essential as predicting the potential geographic distribution of karst obligate plants such as Excentrodendron tonkinensis; if the temperature continues to rise in the future, its potential suitable areas will expand to high latitudes, and the degree of endangerment may be affected by climate, which means it is not obvious under the influence of climate changes; parts of southwestern Guangxi and southeastern Yunnan are suitable areas for the conservation and utilization of Excentrodendron tonkinensis under the climate changes in the future.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Chromosome numbers and genome ploidy are crucial basic information for evolutionary biology and genetics. Hemiboea, a genus of Gesneriaceae, with about 44 species, is mainly distributed in southern China, which have important medicinal and ornamental value. It is difficult to obtain suitable root tips for the chromosome preparation because of their small twining roots and small chromosomes. So far, only the chromosome numbers from three species of Hemiboea have been reported, while the chromosome numbers and ploidy of most species are unknown. The relationship between the pattern of chromosome number evolution and species evolution is also unclear. In this study, in order to explore the optimal conditions for chromosome preparation and the relationship between chromosome numbers and species evolution of Hemiboea, firstly, the root tips of six species (including H. subcapitata, H. longgangensis, H. longzhouensis, H. subacaulis var. jiangxiensis, H. follicularis, and H. yongfuensis), which were generated by the method of hydroponic rooting for cutting leaves based on the characteristics of leaf cuttage propagation of plants in the Hemboea, were used for the chromosome experiments. Then, we assessed the effects of different experimental conditions on chromosome preparation, and then, the conditions were optimized and the chromosome counting was performed. Finally, the evolutionary history of chromosome numbers in Hemiboea and the related genera including Anna and Loxostigma were traced based on the molecular phylogenetic relationships, and the evolutionary pattern of chromosome numbers and relationships with species evolution were studied. The results were as follows :(1) The optimal condition for karyotype preparation of the plants in Hemiboea are sampling during 9:30-10:00 am, dissociating for 10 min, and staining for 15 min. (2) All the six species of Hemiboea are diploid and with 32 chromosome numbers (2n=2x=32). (3) Except for a few species in the genus, the chromosome numbers of most species may be 2n=2x=32, and the variation of chromosome numbers may be caused by aneuploidy, which has no obvious relationship with the species evolution. This study shed light on chromosome preparation of Hemiboea and other groups with similar leaf regeneration characteristics, and provides implications for the classification and phylogeny of this group.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to explore the photosynthetic physiological adaptation mechanism of karst plant, Li-6400XT portable photosynthesis system were used to detect the leaf photosythetic parameters of eight karst adaptable plants in Pingguo City, Guangxi, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductivity (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE) and stomatal limitation value (Ls). Statistical methods, such as Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) were used in this study. The results showed the six photosynthetic parameters had different variation within and between species, and all the intraspecific variations were greater than the interspecific. Change of Gs and Tr mainly originated from interspecific variation (46.72% - 49.76%), while that of Pn 、Ci 、WUE and Ls mainly from intraspecific variation (48.66% - 64.50%). At the life form level, the intraspecific variations of Pn、Gs and Tr of evergreen plants were less than those of deciduous plants, but the intraspecific variation of Ci、WUE and Ls of evergreen plants was higher. Interspecific variations of all the parameters of deciduous plants were greater than those of evergreen plants. Gs variation was the greatest both at the intraspecific and the interspecific level, followed by Tr and Pn, while Ls and WUE, and Ci variation were the least. There were significant positive correlations among Pn、Gs and Tr (P<0.01). Ls was significantly positively correlated with WUE (P<0.05), but negatively with Gs and Ci (P<0.05). The correlations among these photosynthetic parameters are basically consistent with the global scale, which reflects the diverse trade-off strategies of plants to environment resources. The results also verified the leaf economics spectrum (LES) of karst plant. Evergreen plants were located at the slow investment-return end of the LES with high values of Ls, WUE and low values of Gs、Tr、Ci and Pn. On the contrary, deciduous plants were located at the quick investment-return end of the LES with low value of WUE and high value of Pn and Tr. The results reflect karst plant adapt to changing environment with different adaptation strategies by trade-offs or co-ordinations among traits, and provide scientific basis for selecting adaptive tree species and accelerating the succession process of vegetation restoration in the karst area.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to clarify the relationships in Rhododendron subg. Tsutsusi, micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis were examined for 37 species in Rhododendron subg. Tsutsusi using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), among which the relevant characters of 29 species are reported for the first time. The results reveal that: (1) The stomas are anomocytic and all on abaxial surface; (2) According to the morphological characters of glands, trichome types and stomatal apparatus of leaf epidermis, subg. Tsutsusi can be divided into five types, i.e., R. simsii-type, R. mariae-type, R. indicum-type, R. saxatile-type and R. farrerae-type; (3) The plants in R. simsii-type have the similar morphological characters, i.e., virgate hairs, glands and stomatal apparatuses; (4) The plants in R. mariae-type without distinct T-pieces at the polar region of guard cells but have multilayer ringed striates. (5) It is implied that the plants R. indicum-type have the close affinity with subg. Therorhodion in having distinct T-pieces at the polar region of guard cells; (6) R. saxatile-type differs from other types in its simple trichomes being virgate but not glands; (7) R. farrerae-type has glands only; (8) The relationships between the closely related species are also discussed on the basis of leaf epidermal features. Micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis are of significant value for species delimitation in subg. Tsutsusi.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-08-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Phylogenetic relationships of Scrophulariaceae s. l.（sensu lato）and the closely related groups were explored with 129 plastid genomes representing 107 genera. Plastome sequences were downloaded from the GenBank. Based on coding sequences (CDS), phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum likelihood （ML）and Bayesian inference（BI）approaches. The ML and BI analyses shared the same topology and the main clades were consistently recovered with high support. Of the 129 total nodes, 123 were supported by ML bootstrap value ≥70%. The resulting phylogenies were as follows：（1）Scrophulariaceae s. l. was confirmed as polyphyletic. Fifty-one species with representatives of 37 genera from the Scrophulariaceae s.l. were assigned to seven families. These were Orobanchaceae, Paulowniaceae, Wightiaceae, Mazaceae, Linderniaceae, Scrophulariaceae s.s.（sensu stricto）, and Plantaginaceae. （2）Scrophulariaceae s.s. was a monophyletic group. In addition to the recognition of eight genera （ including Bontia 、Calamphoreus 、Diocirea 、 Eremophila、Glycocystis、Leucophyllum、Scrophularia and Verbascum）comprised primarily of former members of Scrophulariaceae s.l., Buddleja which was originally placed in Loganiaceae, and Myoporum, traditionally placed in the Myoporaceae had been demonstrated to belong to this clade. （3）The Lamiales was monophyletic. Fourteen well-supported monophyletic clades were obtained corresponding to each family (Wightiaceae and Pedaliaceae for which only one species had been contained were not included). The relationships among the families were well resolved. Oleaceae formed a well-supported clade that was distinct from core Lamiales. Within the core Lamiales, four clades (Gesneriaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Linderniaceae) diverged before the remaining families grouping in two sister clades. Within one clade, two moderately to highly supported subclades were recovered. Lentibulariaceae was resolved as sister group to Acanthaceae, and Pedaliaceae was sister to Verbenaceae + Bignoniaceae. The other clade contained six families, with Lamiaceae, Mazaceae, Wightiaceae + Phrymaceae, and Paulowniaceae successively sister to Orobanchaceae. The results of our analyses indicate that the traditional Scrophulariaceae are an unnatural assemblage of plants distributed throughout the phylogenentic tree of Lamiales. Phylogenomics analyses based on plastid organelle have shown good potential for phylogenetic inference in Scrophulariaceae, more taxonomic sampling are needed to enhance our understanding of phylogenetic relationships of Scrophulariaceae in future studies.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： Qi (1990) named a new hyracodontid genus Ulania from the Middle Eocene deposits of Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), China. However, the generic name has been preoccupied by Ulania Lin & Zhang, 1979, a Cambrian trilobite (Zhu et al., 1979:103). We therefore propose a new generic name Ulanodon gen. nov. to replace Ulania Qi, 1990. “Ulan” means red in color in Mongolian language, and the Greek “-odon” is a common root in hyracodontid names meaning teeth. We thank Mr. John Ponting for bringing this issue to our attention, and Dr. Wang Yuan-Qing for the suggestion of the new generic name.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： The Lijiang Fauna from the Lijiang Formation of Lijiang, western Yunnan, was dominated by 13 species of perissodactyl fossils, and its age ranged from Irdinmanhan to Sharamurunian Asian Land Mammal Ages (ALMA) according to previous research. Based on reanalysis of some perissodactyls from the Lijiang Fauna, it is suggested here that Rhodopagus yunnanensis is a junior synonym of Lijiangia zhangi, which is similar to Lophiohippus and placed in Anchilophini within the Palaeotheriidae. The enigmatic and scarce Lunania is here regarded as a palaeothere rather than a chalicothere based on its morphological similarities with Paranchilophus, and Lophiohippus probably represents the upper dentitions of Lunania. Furthermore, deperetellid Diplolophodon is revised and comprised of three species: D. similis, D. lunanensis, and D. xiangshanensis (comb. nov.). Teleolophus xiangshanensis from the Lijiang Formation is reassigned to Diplolophodon xiangshanensis. The revised perissodactyls from the Lijiang Fauna are comparable to those from the Rencun Member of the Hedi Formation of the Yuanqu Basin, and its age is confined to Sharamurunian ALMA.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： Here we report the first dinosaur eggshells found in the Nanhu Gebi of Hami, including Elongatoolithus elongatus and Ovaloolithus oosp. The discovery of these dinosaur eggs not only enlarge the palaeogeographic distribution of elongtaoolithid and ovaloolithid eggs, but also indicate the geological age of egg-bearing strata to be the end of Late Cretaceous. Whether the strata can be correlated with the Subashi Formation in Turpan Basin remains to be clarified.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-07-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Five newly recorded genera of vascular plants in Guangxi are reported, namely, Diodia L., Calyptocarpus Less, Syneilesis Maxim., Acroceras Stapf and Piptatherum P. Beauv, as well as Diodia virginiana L., Calyptocarpus vialis Less., Syneilesis aconitifolia (Bunge) Maxim., Acroceras tonkinense (Balansa) C. E. Hubbard ex Bor and Piptatherum kuoi S. M. Phillips & Z. L. Wu belonging to the five genera. Among them, Diodia virginiana L. and Calyptocarpus vialis Less. are naturalized species. The morphological descriptions and photos of two newly naturalized species are provided, and their invasiveness is evaluated based on wild investigation in Guangxi. As native plants, Syneilesis aconitifolia (Bunge) Maxim., Acroceras. tonkinense (Balansa) C. E. Hubbard ex Bor and Piptatherum. kuoi S. M. Phillips & Z. L. Wu are provided with the descriptions of characteristic diagnosis and photos. At last, the biogeographic significance for these newly recorded genera is discussed.
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