Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The digitization of specimens is an important basis for the conservation and utilization of biodiversity. Through the integrated analysis of specimen data, it can provide data support in taxonomy, ecology, bioengineering, biological protection, food security, biodiversity assessment, human social activities and education and other aspects. At present, the development situation varies from country to country. In order to understand the current status of global specimen digitization work, as well as data sharing strategies and technology development trends, through comparison, provide suggestions for China’s specimen digitization work, this article summarizes the status of specimen digitization and platform construction in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania, and reviews the status and trends of specimen data sharing from data use agreements, new technologies and methods, and citizen science using. After comparison and analysis with the current situation in China, proposed work suggestions, including strengthening the construction of coordination mechanisms in the digital construction, management and dynamic update of specimens, ensuring the synchronization of physical resources and digital resource information; strengthening data collation and publishing, promoting data quality improvement, fully opening data use agreements, and reducing data use obstacles; strengthen the learning and introduction of new technologies, especially the application of open source software, machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies, which can play a role in rapid tag identification, automatic identification and attribute data extraction; strengthen regional and international cooperation to promote data. The integration and application of data products; promote the development of citizen science projects, and promote the development of field collection, indoor sorting, online error correction, and data product research and development.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： A nomenclatural type is that element to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached and has irreplaceable value in taxonomic research. Types are scattered across herbarium worldwide, which has brought about great difficulties on the development of taxonomy, mainly due to the complex plant collection history and the involvement of different institutions on the exploration of Chinese plant specimens. The development of specimen digitization provides new opportunities for the data integration of plant type specimens and also brings some challenges including the standardization of collector and collection place, and the typification of a specimen. We have begun collecting and sorting the type specimen data since 2006 and about 90 thousand type specimen data in about 20 herbaria worldwide have been collected simultaneously. Type verification and the cleaning up of type status are urgent work that should be carried out next. Meanwhile, we should integrate the information of administrative region change and collector name that have been verified for promoting the standardization of type specimens. It will help us to update the information on the type specimens of China.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The suitable reference genes is a prerequisite for real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In order to provide a suitable reference gene for gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR in Euphorbia maculata, the GAPDH, EF-1α, act, UBQ, TUB-α, eIF-4A, and CYP gene fragments were cloned with the method of homologous cloning. Subsequently, the expression patterns of the seven candidate reference genes were obtained by RT-qPCR in E. maculata, and the expression stability was assessed by geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. The results suggested that the fragment sequences of GAPDH, EF-1α, act, UBQ, TUB-α, eIF-4A and CYP contained 729 bp (encoding 242 amino acids), 808 bp (encoding 269 amino acids), 753 bp (encoding 250 amino acids), 422 bp (encoding 140 amino acids), 233 bp (encoding 77 amino acids), 656 bp (encoding 218 amino acids), and 313 bp (encoding 103 amino acids), respectively. And the seven amino acid sequences shared over 85% identity with other GAPDH, EF-1α, act, UBQ, TUB-α, eIF-4A, CYP by Blastp in GenBank. On the other hand, the order of expression stability was UBQ>EF-1α>TUB-α>eIF-4A>GAPDH>CYP>act by GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. Therefore, UBQ could be selected as a reference gene for RT-qPCR in E. maculata using for gene expression analysis in various plant tissues at different growth stages.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The distribution pattern of plant community is the result of the interaction of environmental factors and human activities, especially the elevation gradient is considered as the decisive factor of the distribution pattern of plant community. In order to explore the relationship between plant community distribution pattern and environmental factors and its driving mechanism in Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, this study used quantitative classification and DCCA sequencing methods to discuss the characteristics of plant community and its relationship with environmental factors in the study area on the basis of field investigation. The results were as follows: (1) There were 85 species of seed plants belonging to 30 families and 56 genera in Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, including twelve species of Gramineae, nine species of Compositae, eight species of leguminous family, six species of Rosaceae and five species of Chenopodiaceae, accounting for 14.11%, 10.59%, 9.41%, 7.06% and 5.88% of total species, respectively. TWINSPAN can be classified into nine plant communities; (2) Nine plant communities were clustered and distributed on the DCCA sequencing diagram, showing a good environmental gradient. Altitude had a great influence on the distribution pattern of plant communities, followed by precipitation, temperature, slope, slope direction and soil humus; (3) Influence plant community spatial distribution pattern of the variable, environmental factors explain 25.24% of the community distribution pattern, spatial factors explain 13.21% of the community distribution pattern, space factor and environment factor interactions to explain community distribution pattern of the rate of 9.03%, community distribution pattern has not been accounted for 52.52% of space factor and environment factor section, this part mainly reflects the human activity influence on plant community distribution pattern in the study area. The research results of this paper are of great significance to the ecological restoration of vegetation and the stable maintenance of biodiversity in the region.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Plant functional traits can reflect response strategies of plants to environmental changes. In this study, we used a one-way ANOVA and RDA to compare the differences in leaf functional characters of Dicranopteris dichotoma in three micro-topographies (ridge, slope and valley of the ephemeral gully) and to analyze the response and adaptation strategy of D. dichotoma to shallow trench micro-topography. Our results were as follows: (1) The overall variation degree of leaf functional characters of D. dichotoma was between 0.048 and 0.472. Both leaf thickness and leaf area were showed at the order of valley > slope > ridge(P<0.05). The leaf N content at the slope was significantly higher than that at the ridge and valley. The leaf P content was significantly lower at the ridge than at the slope and valley. There was no significant difference in specific leaf area and leaf C content among three micro-topographies. (2) D.dichotoma at the ridge reduced water loss to protecte itself by reducing leaf area. D. dichotoma at the slope increased the photosynthetic rate of leaves to promote growth by increasing the N content of leaves. D. dichotoma at the valley improved light capture ability to promote growth by increasing the leaf area. The above results showed that due to the differences of soil nutrients, temperature and humidity conditions, D. dichotoma can achieve better adaption to the environment by adjusting nutrient content and changing leaf morphology.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： This paper investigates the modulating effect of total tomato saponin(TTS) on uric acid. In this articles, we used hypoxanthine and potassium oxyzincate or uric acid and potassium oxyzincate to establish hyperuric acid model mice, and investigated the effects of TTS on uric acid excretion, blood uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine, xanthine oxidase and organ index in normal mice and hyperuricemic mice. The experimental results were as follows: TTS did not affect the blood uric acid level in normal mice, and the blood uric acid values in the normal group and the low, medium and high dose groups of TTS were（170.4±36.7） ,（178.3±69.7）,（175.5±42.1）,（185.3±72.6 ）μmol·L-1, respectively. TTS could reduce blood uric acid level and xanthine oxidase activity in hypoxanthine and potassium oxyzinate combination-induced hyperuricemic mice, and the blood uric acid values in normal group, model group and TTS high dose group were:（140.4±36.7）,（378.3±69.7）,（278.3±62.6）μmol·L-1, respectively. The xanthine oxidase values in the normal, model and TTS low, medium and high dose groups were（1.2±0.3）,（1.8±0.2）,（1.6±0.2）,（1.5±0.3）,（1.3±0.4）U·g-1liver, respectively. TTS reduced blood uric acid levels and decreased xanthine oxidase activity in mice with hyperuricemia induced by the combination of uric acid and potassium oxyzinate, and the blood uric acid values in normal group, model group and TTS high dose group were:（98.8±21.8）,（455.6±78.8）,（333.7±68.7）μmol·L-1, respectively. The xanthine oxidase values in the normal, model and TTS high dose groups were: （2.1±0.3）,（2.5±0.2）,（2.3±0.2）U·g-1liver, respectively. The above results suggest that TTS does not affect blood uric acid levels in normal mice, but can reduce blood uric acid levels in mice in a hyperuric acid model, and the mechanism may be related to the reduction of xanthine oxidase activity.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Andrographis paniculata, known as ‘Chuanxinlian’ in China, is an important southern medicine in China. Its main active ingredients, andrographolide components, has good pesticide effects on heat-clearing and anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory. Modern medical research has demonstrated that they also have profound effects in anti-HIV, anti-thrombus, liver protection and so on. Because they are difficult to be synthesized artificially, to increase the biosynthesis of andrographolide components in A. paniculata by cultivation regulation and breeding methods is of great significance to improve the quality of this medicinal material. To provide reference for related research in these fields, this paper reviewed the relationship between accumulation of andrographolide components and plant development, the effects of cultivation measures and environmental factors on the accumulation of andrographolide components, and the research advances in biosynthesis of andrographolide components and its molecular regulatory mechanism in the last decade worldwide. It also put forward three aspects those should be focused on in future studies aiming at enhancing the biosynthesis and accumulation of andrographolides components in A. paniculata: (1) to further identify the biosynthetic pathway of andrographolide components and the functions of key genes, and to elucidate the mechanism of andrographolides accumulation at molecular level; (2) to deeply study the laws of growth and development, yield and quality formation, and their interrelations in A. paniculata with the combination of molecular biological approaches and crop cultivation theories; (3) to reveal the signal regulation network in the biosynthesis andrographolide components.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To reveal the causes of low seed-setting rate of Pseudosasa viridula, the process of megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis and the development of female and male gametophyte of P. viridula were studied using traditional paraffin section and microscopy techniques. The results were as follows: Each flower contained three anthers (rarely 6) and an anther with four pollen sacs. The anther wall belonged to the basic type with the typical glandular tapetum, which composed of four layers of cells, which were epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum from outside to inside. The cytokinesis was the successive forming the medianly zygomorphic tetrads. Mature pollen grains were 2-cell type or 3-cell type, and some abortions occured. Mature pollen grains were 2-cell type or 3-cell type, and some abortions had occurred, which mostly occurred in the mononuclear stage of microspores. Its ovary was unilocular, with parietal placenta was anatropous, double integument and crassinucellate. The embryo sac was the polygonum type composed of an egg organ, a polar nucleus and three antipodal cells. The pistil structure was complete with embryo sac normal development, and the microspore abortion occurs in the single nuclear pollen stage. It is the typical male sterility and pollen abortion may be the main reasons for the low seed-setting rate of P. viridula. This study clarified the process of megaspogenesis, microsporogenesis and the development of female and male gametophyte of P. viridula, and initially revealed the reasons for the low seed setting rate of this species, which provides basic information for the development of cross breeding of P. viridula.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Reclaimed water can irrigate farmland, but anions in water can cause salt stress to the plants. In order to study the effects of salt stress on seed germination characteristics, radicle and germ growth of Chenopodium quinoa, this experiment was designed to measure the germination rate, germination vigor, radical, and germ elongation inhibition rate in six types of quinoa cultivars (Red quinoa, China red quinoa, Tai-red quinoa, Purple-red quinoa, Yellow quinoa, and Yellow-red quinoa) under three types of salt treatments (NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and control). The salt tolerance of different quinoa varieties was comprehensively evaluated by using the mean square error decision method, and the varieties with strong salt tolerance under different salt stress were preliminarily selected. The results showed that Na2SO4 had the most obvious inhibition on germination index of seeds, and the germination rate of six quinoa varieties was relatively low, which kept below 5%, and growth rate in which values were all 0 in four of the cultivars except for Yellow and Tai-yellow-red quinoa. The inhibition rates of Na2SO4 on radicle and germ of the other five quinoa varieties were 100% except for Yellow quinoa, the growth rate of China red and Yellow-red quinoa under NaCl treatment was higher than the control, at 9 h and 21 h, the radicle inhibition rates were -28.32% and -37.57%. The results showed that Red quinoa had higher resistance to NaCl and NaHCO3, and Yellow quinoa had higher resistance to Na2SO4. Based on the above results, salt stress is not conducive to the seed germination and growth of quinoa, but planting suitable varieties in different salt areas can improve the survival rate and growth quality of quinoa, so as to reach the requirements of landscaping using reclaimed water as irrigation.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To approach the influence of altitude on stoichiometry of leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of Pleioblastus amarus, the guidance of high-yield bamboo plantations cultivation of P. amarus forest is presented. We determined the concentration of leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus for 1-3-year-old bamboo from stand at three different altitudinal gradients [Low altitude, (200±10) m；middle altitude (400±10) m；high altitude, (800±10) m ], and analyzed their stoichiometries and allometric growth. Bamboo age had great influences on the concentration of leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and its stoichiometry. With increasing bamboo age, the concentration of leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and N:P ratios decreased overall, while ratios of C:N and C:P increased. Altitude had significant effects on the concentration of leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and its stoichiometry. With the increase of altitudinal gradient, leaf carbon increased remarkably and then deceased sharply, while leaf nitrogen and phosphorus decreased overall, and leaf C:N，C:P and N:P increased generally. Leaf N:P ratios of stand from the middle and high altitude were higher than that of the low altitude. There was significantly positive allometric growth between leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. With the increase of altitudinal gradient, allometric exponent for leaf C-N and C-P increased remarkably, but that for N-P decreased dramatically. The study has revealed that the P. amarus stand at the high altitude had the highest utilization efficiency of N and P, but its carbon concentration was lower and P limitation increased. While the P. amarus stand at the middle altitude had the higher utilization efficiency of N, P and the highest carbon concentration, and therefore it is the preferred altitude of high-yield cultivation for P. amarus forest.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-27 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Pinus taiwanensis var. damingshanensis is a kind of endemic Alpine pine of Guangxi and Guizhou, which has high economic and ecological value. Its natural population has not been fully protected and utilized for a long time, which is not conducive to long-term stable development of this species. In order to protect and exploit the natural genetic resources of Pinus taiwanensis var. damingshanensis, 12 SSR markers were used to study the genetic diversity of three natural populations of Pinus taiwanensis var. damingshanensis, and to analyze the genetic differentiation and gene flow among populations, so as to provide reference for the protection strategy of this species. The results were as follows: 37 alleles were detected by 12 pairs of primers, and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 100%. For every site, the average number of observed alleles (Na) was 3.08, and the average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 1.68. The number of effective alleles varied greatly among different loci. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.35, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.40, and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.31 for every site. The Shannon's diversity index of the three populations ranged from0.48 to 0.65, and the Nei's gene diversity ranged from0.27 to 0.39. Compared with other related species of pines, the genetic diversity was low. For each population, the average observed heterozygosity was 0.40, and the average expected heterozygosity was 0.33 ， the average number of effective alleles was 1.58. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) among populations was 0.10. Most of the variation existed in the population and the genetic differentiation level among populations was low. The range of gene flow (Nm) was 2.74, indicating that gene exchange between populations was sufficient of Pinus taiwanensis var. damingshanensis. This study can provide an important reference for the protection of biodiversity, and lay a foundation for the scientific utilization of Pinus taiwanensis var. damingshanensis.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2021-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： Bayesian tip dating is a recently developed method to estimate divergence times and evolutionary rates. It overcomes several drawbacks in traditional stepwise approach. However, it also requires more knowledge about statistics. This paper hierarchically explains the theory and computation in the Bayesian tip-dating approach, and divides the whole process into prior for the divergence times, prior for the evolutionary rates, model for the character changes and Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, which are key components in this method. The aim is to provide a general guidance for paleontologists in empirical data analyses.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2021-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： Actinopterygii, the largest group of extant vertebrates, includes Cladistia, Actinopteri (Chondrostei plus Neopterygii) and closely related fossil taxa. The extinct genus Pteronisculus belongs to a stem lineage of actinopterygian fishes represented by 11 species from the Early Triassic of Madagascar, Europe and North America, and a single species from the early Middle Triassic of China. Here, we report the discovery of a new species of this genus, Pteronisculus changae, on the basis of five well-preserved specimens from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) marine deposits exposed in Luoping, eastern Yunnan, China. The discovery documents the second convincing species of Pteronisculus in the Middle Triassic and the largest stem actinopterygian fish in the Luoping Biota, having a maximum total length of up to 295 mm. The new species possesses a toothed lacrimal, which is characteristic of Pteronisculus, but it is easily distinguished from other species of the genus by some autapomorphies, e.g., a medial process at the middle portion of the intertemporal, 21 supraneurals, and 83 lateral line scales. The results of our cladistic analysis provide new insights into the relationships of early actinopterygians and recover Pteronisculus as a sister taxon of the Carboniferous rhadinichthyid Cyranorhis at the actinopterygian stem. Based on the body form, teeth and other features, it can be deduced that Pteronisculus changae is likely a relatively fast-swimming predator, feeding on planktonic invertebrates and smaller or younger fishes known to occur in the same biota. As one of the youngest species of the genus, the new species provides additional evidence to suggest that the diversity of Pteronisculus is higher than previously thought and that the eastern Paleotethys Ocean likely constituted a refuge for species of this genus during the early Middle Triassic.
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2021-05-15
Abstract： Rats are widely used in experimental research in biology, medicine, and psychology, and many studies need the measurement of rats’ emotional states. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of rats are means to express and transmit emotions: among them FM-50 kHz USVs are for positive emotions such as pleasure, flat-50 kHz USVs are for social communication, and 22 kHz USVs are for negative emotions such as anxiety and disgust. Collecting and analyzing the USVs of rats provides researchers a possible way to quantify the emotional states of rats during experimental manipulations. This paper discusses the emotional meaning of USVs in rats and provides suggestions for measuring and analyzing USVs in rats.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-11 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Although Se has not been considered an essential element for higher plants, numerous studies have shown that selenium (Se) plays an important role in promoting plant growth. Therefore, it is of great significance to learn the effects of different soil Se levels on the growth of Atractylodes macrocephala and physiological mechanism underlying plant response to exogenous selenium. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to explore the comprehensive effects of different Se treatments (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 milligram Se per kilogram air-dry soil) on growth of A. macrocephala seedlings. The results were as follows: 5 mg穔g-1 Se treatment increased the fresh weight, leaf SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) value and leaf soluble sugar (SS) content of A. macrocephala seedlings by 8.8%, 8.4% and 60.3%, respectively; While decreased the leaf soluble protein (SP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 32.1% and 18.9% respectively, as well as depressed the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase(CAT), compared with the control. Treatments of Se >25 mg穔g-1 were not beneficial to the growth of A. macrocephala seedlings, resulting in a significant increase in MDA and superoxide anion radical (稯2-) content, which destroyed the antioxidant system. Principal component analysis showed that fresh weight, plant height, leaf SP content and activities of CAT and POD could be used as characteristic indexes to reflect the growth status of A. macrocephala seedlings. In conclusion, the appropriate soil Se levels could significantly promote the growth of A. macrocephala seedlings, and 5 mg穔g-1 soil Se level was the optimum. Application of appropriate Se to the soil could be beneficial for efficient breeding and industrial production of A. macrocephala.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-11 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To investigate the effects of aluminum stress on root exudates of Helianthus tuberous and the alleviating effect of exogenous salicylic acid, we used aluminum-tolerant Nanjing H. tuberous and aluminum-sensitive Ziyang H. tuberous as experimental materials and set aluminum concentration of 500 μmol·L-1 by soil culture method, and analyzed the effects of different concentrations (10, 100, 1 000 μmol·L-1) of SA on the organic acids and amino acids in root exudates of H. tuberous and related metabolic enzymes in root tips under aluminum stress. The results were as follows: Concentrations of citric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid in the root exudates of H. tuberous increased under Al stress, and the increase was greater in Nanjing H. tuberous than in Ziyang H. tuberous; the activities of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase increased under Al stress. The proline content increased significantly, and the concentration of total amino acids decreased significantly. The concentrations of citric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid secreted by the root system of Nanjing H. tuberous were increased to different degrees after the addition of exogenous SA, but the oxalic acid secreted by the root system of Ziyang H. tuberous was significantly reduced after treatment with high concentration (1 000 μmol·L-1) of SA,and there was no significant change in malic acid concentration under all concentrations of SA treatment. The citrate synthase activity appeared to be enhanced to different degrees, but it had little effect on malate dehydrogenase activity in the root tips of Ziyang H. tuberous, and malate dehydrogenase activity in the root tips of Ziyang H. tuberous was significantly reduced after treatment with high concentration (1 000 μmol·L-1) of SA. The proline content decreased significantly, from terms of changes in total amino acid concentration, the maximum alleviating effect was obtained at high concentration (1 000 μmol·L-1) SA for Nanjing H. tuberous and at low concentration (10 μmol·L-1) SA for Ziyang H. tuberous. Therefore, H. tuberous responds to aluminum toxicity by secreting organic acids, and exogenous SA can promote the rate of organic acid metabolism in the root system of H. tuberous to secrete more organic acids to alleviate aluminum stress, and this alleviation effect is better in Nanjing H. tuberous, which is relatively strong in aluminum tolerance.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-11 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The dried roots of Sophora tonkinensis were commonly used as the treatment of the throat and other infectious diseases. In order to identify its large polar antibacterial active components, silica gel column chromatography (CC), ODS CC and Sephadex LH-20 CC and semi preparative HPLC were used to isolate the chemical constituents from n-butanol fraction of S. tonkinensis. The antibacterial activities of the monomers against bacteria (Enterobacter faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and fungi (Candida albicans) were evaluated. The results showed ten compounds were isolated and identified as 2',4',7-trihydroxy-6,8-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyl)flavanone(1),genistin(2), 2-2',4'-dihydroxy-5,6-dioxomethylbenzofuran(3), maltol-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), leonuriside A(5),coniferylalcohol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),glabrol(7),2-(2',4'-dihydroxy-phenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-10-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8H-pyrano[2,3-d]chroman-4-one (8), oxymatrine (9), piscidic acid (10). Among of them, compound 4-6 was isolated from the title plant for the first time, for our knowledge. Besides, biological activity test showed the potential antibacterial activities of compounds 1-3. It is worth mentioning that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of compound 2 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 15.6 μg·mL-1, while the MIC of compound 3 against Candida albicans and Escherichia coli were 31.3 μg·mL-1.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-11 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Epimedium (Berberidaceae) is a hot and difficult topic in taxonomy, and its taxa have been published and revised frequently. In order to more clearly understand the variation of Epimedium, this paper systematically sorted out the important characters of Epimedium on the basis of consulting the research results and specimens, combined with the field investigation and analysis of the research group. The petal pattern is the most important basis for the taxonomy of Epimedium, but it is not absolutely stable, and there may be abundant variations in petal morphology within the species. The color of petals, the color of anthers, and even the size of flowers should not be used as the main basis for classification at least in some taxa. The rhizome type (compact or long creeping) is a useful taxonomic character in most taxa, but it should be based on extensive investigations. There are abundant variations in most taxa on the number and arrangement of leaves on flowering stem, which is difficult to be applied in practice. The variation of non-glandular hair characteristics is very complex and varies, so they should not be used as a key basis for species identification. The plants of genus Epimedium are generally shorter after cultivation, which suggests that it is necessary to conduct survey and morphological observation in natural habitats to understand the morphological characteristics of species. The genus Epimedium in China is still in active evolution, and its morphological variation is complicated. Therefore, cautious should be taken in species identification and resource utilization.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-11 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore the response mechanism of Chenopodium quinoa to fertilization depth and water stress. Quinoa in pots were used as materials to set three fertilizer treatments [D1, placement of controlled-release urea (CRU) at 0-8 cm depth; D2, placement of CRU at 8-16 cm depth; D3, placement of CRU at 16-24 cm depth] and three kinds of water treatments (W1, normal moisture; W2, moderate drought; W3, severe drought) to discuss the effects of quinoa seedling physiological characteristics and yield. The results were as follows: (1) Under the same water condition, with the increase of fertilization depth, the growth indexes (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, biomass above ground, length of main root, surface area of root, root volume), physiological indexes [superoxide(SOD) activity, peroxidase(POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and the total chlorophyll content and yield index tended to increase initially and then decrease D2 treatment (appropriate deep application of nitrogen) was higher than D1 (shallow nitrogen) and D3 treatment (bottom nitrogen application). (2) Under the same nitrogen application depth, with the increase of drought stress, the growth indexes and yield index of quinoa decreased gradually, and the physiological indexes were both rising first and then decreasing. It is suggested that the water demand of quinoa seedlings is obvious, which can adapt to drought to some extent by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic regulating substances. In practice, attention should be paid to the supply of water in seedling stage to promote the formation of yield in the later stage of growth. In conclusion, suitable water and nitrogen management (D2W1) can promote the growth and physiological characteristics of quinoa, enhance the drought resistance of quinoa and improve the yield of quinoa. The results of this study provide a reference for further study on water and fertilizer management and high yield cultivation of quinoa.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-11 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to clarify the improvement effect of mixed plantations on soil fertility of Casuarina equisetifolia plantation, three forest plantation were selected, i.e. pure plantation of Casuarina equisetifolia, mixed plantation with Casuarina equisetifolia and Calophyllum inophyllum, mixed plantation with Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacia auriculiformis in coastal sandy land at Northern Hainan Island. By collecting soil profile samples from different plantations, the distribution characteristics of soil physico-chemical propertiesand their differences among plantations were discussed. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with the pure plantation of Casuarina equisetifolia, the mixed plantation with Casuarina equisetifolia and Calophyllum inophyllum significantly increased pH by 6.11% and 5.97% at the humus horizon and 20-40 cm soil depth, respectively. (2) Compared with the pure plantation of Casuarina equisetifolia, the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) was increased by 69.8%-358.3% and 90.2%-908.3%, and the contents of soil total nitrogen (TN) was increased by 44.1%-160.7% and 31.4%-210.7% in humus horizon and different soil depth from 0-100 cm, respectively; The contents of soil total phosphorus (TP) increased by 20.8%-39.6% in different soil depth from 0-100 cm in mixed plantation with Casuarina equisetifolia and Calophyllum inophyllum, and increased by 25.0%-39.6% of 20-100 cm soil depth of mixed plantation with Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacia auriculiformis; The mixed plantation with Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacia auriculiformis showed the better improving effect on available nutrients in humus horizon than the other plantations, while both mixed plantations could significantly increase the available potassium content in different soil depth. (3) Variance analysis showed that plantation type and soil depth had significantly interactive effects on the contents of SOC, TN, TP, available phosphorus (AP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N). In conclusion, the mixed Casuarina equisetifolia plantations could significantly improve the soil fertility compare to the pure plantation. Hence, in order to ensure the sustainable production, more attention should be paid to the mixed plantation structures, especially with Acacia auriculiformis, to get better fertility.
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment