Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-04-17 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Vatica guangxiensis is a national first-class protected wild plant and extremely small populations wild plant. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and structural features of Vatica guangxiensis seedlings and adult trees. The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis measurement system analyzer and vacuum electron scanning microscope were utilized to investigate the differences between the photosynthetic capacity and leaf structure of leaves at different stages of growth and development. The results were as follows: (1) The right-angled hyperbolic modified model was the best model to fit the light response of Vatica guangxiensis seedlings and adult plants. (2) The maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pnmax), light saturation point (LSP) and dark respiration rate (Rd) of adult leaves were significantly higher than those of seedlings, the light compensation point (LCP) of adult plants was lower than that of seedlings(P<0.05). (3) Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll (a+b) and carotenoids in seedlings were significantly lower than in adult plants(P<0.05). (4) The stomatal long axis, stomatal organ area and stomatal density of adult plants were significantly higher than those of seedlings; the leaf area and specific leaf weight (SLW) of adult plants were significantly larger than seedling (P<0.05), and the specific leaf area (SLA) was smaller than seedling. In summary, Vatica guangxiensis exhibits photosynthetic characteristics of a shade-loving seedling and a sun-loving adult tree. The seedlings have weak light adaptation ability and light energy utilization, and are unable to photosynthesize sufficiently to meet their growth needs due to excessive shading by adult trees. This is a significant reason why seedlings are unable to grow into large trees. Therefore, for insitu conservation of Vatica guangxiensis, human interference can be used to artificially create ‘windows’ in the tree layer to provide sufficient light sources. This is conducive to the growth of Vatica guangxiensis seedlings into large trees and the renewal of the population. On the other hand, for the introductory cultivation of Vatica guangxiensis, the seedlings need to be appropriately shaded and transplanted to a certain degree of shade. During the initial cultivation process, it is important to provide appropriate shading for seedlings and transplant them to an environment with a suitable level of shade.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Camellia perpetua is the only rare and endangered plant in the genus Camellia that blooms almost all year round. It provides reference for people to know the flower bud differentiation process and the changes of endogenous hormones in leaves at different flower development period and annual growth cycles, as well as clarify the continuous flowering mechanism of this species. In this study, the process of C. perpetua bud differentiation was observed by paraffin sections. The contents of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3) and zeatin nucleoside (ZR) in leaves at different flower development period and in leaves with flower bud and leaves without flower bud in annual growth cycle were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were as follows: (1) The flower bud differentiation sequence of C. perpetua was from the outside to the inside, and it was divided into 6 period, which lasted 35 days in total, from the bud differentiation to flowering about 2 months. (2) The contents of ABA and GA3 and the ratios of GA3/ABA and (IAA + GA3) /ZR were higher in flower bud morphological differentiation period, while the content of IAA and ZR and the ratios of IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA were lower. (3)The contents of ABA, IAA and ZR in the leaves with flower bud were higher than those in the leaves without flower bud. The IAA/ZR and (IAA + GA3) /ZR ratios were lower than those of the leaves without flower bud. In conclusion, the flower bud differentiation to flowering time of C. perpetua is shorter. High levels of ABA and GA3 and low levels of IAA and ZR are beneficial to flower bud differentiation. Higher levels of ABA, IAA and ZR are beneficial to flower bud development.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-07-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The investigation of the calcium speciation characteristics in leaf under different habitats can help to understand deeply the adaptation mechanisms of golden Camellia species to soil calcium and provide a reference for the development of their conservation measures. In this study, 10 species of golden Camellia from calcareous soil habitats and 4 from acidic soil habitats were employed. The calcium content (Soil-Ca) and pH (Soil-pH) of habitat soil, and the content of calcium nitrate and calcium hloride (AIC-Ca), water soluble calcium (H2O-Ca), calcium pectate (NaCl-Ca), calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate (HAC-Ca), calcium oxalate (HCl-Ca), sili-cate calcium (Res-Ca), and total calcium (Tot-Ca) of leaves were measured. The results were as follows: (1) the Soil-Ca and Soil-pH of calcareous soils were extremely significantly (P<0.01) higher than those of acidic soils. (2) The leaf calcium speciation of golden Camellia species from calcareous soil habitats was primarily HCl-Ca (41.17%), while species from acidic soil habitats was primarily NaCl-Ca (43.10%), and all calcium speciation and total calcium content in leaves of species from calcareous soil were extremely significantly (P<0.01) higher than that from acidic soil except for AIC-Ca and NaCl-Ca. (3) Correlation analysis showed that most of the content of calcium speciation in leaves was extremely significantly (P<0.01) and positively correlated with Soil-Ca and Soil-pH, indicating that soil environment had an important influence on the leaf calcium speciation characteristics of golden Camellia species. (4) According to ANOVA, the content of each leaf calcium speciation was extremely significant (P<0.01) difference among the species in golden Camellia revealing that the calcium speciation char-acteristics have a considerable variation during the species differentiation. (5) Cluster analysis based on calcium speciation characteristics showed that the 14 species of golden Camellia could be grouped into three categories. In summary, the differences in leaf calcium speciation of plants of golden Camellia species in different habitats may be the consequence of a combination of soil environmental and genetic factors.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-05-21 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to study the chemical constituents in the leaves of Champereia manillana var. longistaminea, the chemical composition was analyzed by the silica gel column chromatography (CC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), dextran gel column chromatography (Sephadex LH-20), reversed-phase silica (RP-18) gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ethyl acetate extraction part of the ethanol extraction was separated and 6 monomer compounds were obtained. The structures of these compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and the data of the literature. Six compounds were elucidated as Taraxerol (1), 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (2), (24R)-cycloartane-3β,24,25-triol (3), (24R,S)-3β-24,31-Epoxy-24-methylcycloartane(4),1-O-linolenoyl-3-O-β-D-galactospyranosyl-snglycerol (5), and Hyloglyceride (6). All compounds 1-6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Keteleeria calcarea is a precious tree species in the mid-subtropical karst area, this species has a narrow distribution range and very few seedlings in wild populations, which severely limits the natural renewal of the population. In order to explore the causes for the endangerment of this species and provide reference for its protection and utilization, the cones and seeds morphological characteris-tics of K. calcarea were measured, and the effects of temperatures, light conditions, soil water con-tents, substrates, storage temperatures and time, and different geographical provenances on seed ger-mination were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The average seed setting rate of K. calcarea cone was 7.45%±6.54%, the seed wing length was 2.27±0.32 cm, the average seed length was 1.55±0.15 cm (excluding seed wing), the average width was 0.62±0.05 cm, the average thickness was 0.46±0.04 cm, and the average 1 000-seed weight was 214.81±14.76 g, the average water content of dried seeds was 15.28%±1.66%. (2) The optimum temperature for seed germination was 25 ℃, and the germination rate decreased significantly at 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ (P<0.05); Seed germination did not need light, but the germination rate under periodic light was significantly higher than that under con-tinuous light and continuous darkness (P<0.05); The seeds could germinate under the conditions of 10%-30% soil water contents, and could withstand a certain degree of drought; Peat soil and perlite with loose texture and good air permeability were suitable for germination; The seeds were not re-sistant to storage and should be sown in time after collection; The seed germination rate of Sanjiang population in Gongcheng County was the highest among the three geographical provenances. The seed setting rate of K. calcarea cone was low, the seed germination was strict with temperature, and the seed was easy to lose vigor, which may be an important reason for its endangerment.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：植物崇拜是人类崇尚自然，敬畏生命朴素理念的基本体现。为了解百色民间植物崇拜文化内涵以及其对生物多样性保护作用和管理的影响，采用民族植物学方法调查了百色地区民间崇拜植物文化及其文化特征，从自然崇拜、传统节日文化、生命礼俗和传统医药等几个方面探讨百色民间植物文化对生物多样性保护的作用。百色民间植物文化内涵丰富，并表现了丰富的生物多样性。百色民间崇拜植物分属53个种，47个属，28个科，其中蔷薇科和豆科种类最多，分别为5种，其次是桑科和禾本科，分别为4种。从生活型的组成来看，乔木植物占绝对优势，有39种，占总种数的73.58%，草本11种，占总种数的20.75%；灌木3种，占总种数的5.67%。其中有4种植物在中国珍稀濒危植物信息系统中被列为国家Ⅱ级名录（闽楠、蚬木、格木、红椿），有5种植物被列为各省市区（地方）保护野生植物名录（红楠、广西青冈、桃金娘、苏木、黄檀）。这些植物形成了多样的植物群落，对百色地区植物多样性保护具有重要促进作用。
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：为了解东兴金花茶幼苗对水分胁迫的适应能力和响应机制。以东兴金花茶一年生实生苗为材料，采用盆栽控水试验，研究不同控水时间处理对东兴金花茶幼苗的生理生态特性的影响。结果表明：随着控水时间的延长，水分胁迫的程度不断地加剧，东兴金花茶叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）呈现显著下降趋势；胞间CO2浓度（Ci）先低后高的变化趋势，水分利用效率（WUE）成呈先高后低的变化趋势。土壤含水率和叶片相对含水量均呈现不断下降的趋势；丙二醛呈先降后升的变化趋势；东兴金花茶幼苗的荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo呈现先增加而后不断下降趋势，分别从0.806下降至0.754和4.17下降至3.08；表明水分胁迫降低了PSII原初光能转化效率，光合作用原初反应过程受到抑制。基于水分胁迫的生理生态指标和叶片生物性状的变化表明：控水时间在4d情况下东兴金花茶可以提高自身水分利用效率来抵抗干旱，说明东兴金花茶幼苗对水分胁迫具有一定的适应性和响应机制。控水8~12 d，东兴金花茶的光合指标下降显著，土壤含水率下降至14.157%～15.065%，其叶片萎蔫、打卷，低于此水平东兴金花茶幼苗会因过度干旱而死亡，表明东兴金花茶幼苗对水分胁迫的耐受极限为土壤含水率的14.157%～15.065%。研究结果有助于营建适宜的环境以保证东兴金花茶的正常生长和繁殖，对东兴金花茶迁地保护、引种培育和回归自然具有重要的科学指导意义。
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2019-03-14 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：试验以向日葵幼苗为试材，采用营养液培养法探索重金属镍胁迫对其生理生化指标的影响，揭示向日葵对镍胁迫的响应机制和幼苗生长发育的影响研究，为镍污染环境修复提供一定的科学依据。结果显示：低浓度的镍胁迫（≤10 mg•L-1）有利于幼苗的生长，高浓度的镍胁迫（≥50 mg•L-1）对幼苗具有明显的抑制作用。随着镍胁迫浓度逐渐增加，向日葵幼苗各项生理生化指标的变化较大，其中叶绿素、可溶性糖（SS）、可溶性蛋白（SP）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、游离脯氨酸（Pro）的含量均在1~10 mg•L-1呈先上升趋势，50~100 mg•L-1呈下降的趋势；丙二醛（MDA）含量则呈现持续上升趋势。研究表明：向日葵幼苗对低浓度（1~10 mg•L-1）镍胁迫能通过自身调节，增加POD、Pro和MDA等物质的含量来提高对生态环境的抗逆能力，说明向日葵幼苗对重金属镍具有一定抗性，而高浓度（50~100 mg•L-1）镍胁迫会破坏其自身防御系统，影响幼苗的生长发育。
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2018-10-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：本研究以 6 个金槐品种和 2 个米槐品种的花粉为材料，采用美国卡尔蔡司 EVO18 扫描电镜对其极面、赤道面、外壁纹饰等形态特征进行了观察，并对金槐、米槐品种间的亲缘关系进行了分析。结果表明：金槐和米槐花粉的共有特征包括：极面观为三裂圆形，极面光滑；具 3 孔沟，沟较窄且达两极；沟缘中部外凸，具颗粒状突起；沟在极面上没有交会，形成宽大的沟界极区；金槐的花粉粒为长球形，金槐 J6 的极轴最长，金槐 J2 的极轴最短，极轴长/赤道轴长表现的规律与极轴长相一致；网眼直径最大的是金槐 J2，最小的是金槐 J5；网眼密度最大的是金槐 J6，最小的是金槐 J2；米槐的花粉粒为近圆球形，极轴长和极轴长/赤道轴长明显小于金槐，但其赤道轴长大于金槐；双季米槐的赤道轴长、极轴长、极轴长/赤道轴长、网眼密度都小于单季米槐；8 个品种可分为 3 组，其中金槐 J4、金槐 J1 和金槐 J6 3 个品种亲缘关系较近，金槐J5、金槐 J3 和金槐 J2 3 个品种亲缘关系较近，单季米槐和双季米槐 2 个品种亲缘关系较近；花粉形态是鉴别金槐和米槐两大类品种的重要根据，并可为进一步的品种划分提供重要依据。
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