Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2019-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： As a critical part of wetland system in Guizhou plateau, lake Caohai plays important roles in the maintains of ecological balance,healthy and harmonious species diversity and the regional climate regulation. In order to stabilize the wetland and sustainable development resource,it is critical important to study the characteristics of heavy metals pollution in atmospheric deposition flux and pollution characteristics. By the susceptibility and tolerance of bryophytes to heavy metals, MossBag method was used to monitor the heavy metal pollution around the lake for seven heavy metals (Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,As and Hg )analyses,and to provide a basic data for the ecological environment protection of Caohai.The contents of seven elements such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As and Hg were detected by ICP-MS and atomic fluorescence. The sediment flux was calculated. The principal component analysis and correlation analysis are applied to study their characteristicsand origin of such pollutants,while the ecological risks of these 7 heavy metals were evaluated using geoaccumulation index method. The study results showed that the heavy metals in atmospheric deposition fluxes of Caohai Lake was a significant difference. Among which Cu and Zn deposition fluxes are far higher Pb,Cd,Cr,As and Hg, reaching 21.43 μg•m-2•d-1 and 102.82 μg•m-2•d-1 with accounting for a large total deposition fluxes radio. The correlation analysis shows that there is a positive correlation between As and Cr, Zn and Cu, indicating they are from similar or same sources,with the same chemical and environmental behaviors.However,there is no significant correlation between other metals. Applying the geoaccumulation Index method,the following conclusions are reached: all seven heavy metals were seriously polluted, of which Cd was in the extremely high pollution level. Combing the study results with the characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution around Caohai wetland, heavy metal pollutions were considered mainly caused by many factors,including industrial structure and production and life style, and even the leftover of primitive zinc smelting industry in the vicinity.
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2019-03-05 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract： Objective: A new material with ultra-large surface area named nano-forest is prepared by Micro-Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS) processing technology. Based on this material, a new microfluidic chip for point-of-care test with simple operation, rapid detection and high sensitivity is created. Methods: The fabrication of nano-forests in micro-channel on quartz substrate mainly includes: cleaning and drying of quartz substrate; spinning polyimide(PI) coating; re-spinning phenolic resin photoresist on PI coating; photolithography to expose the channel; treating the PI layer with oxygen plasma and argon plasma to synthesize nano-fiber forests structure; nano-fiber-quartz nanoforests are realized by using nano-fiber forests as nanomasks in anisotropic etching of quartz by using reactive ion etching (RIE); the micro-channel with nano-forests structure inside is achieved after removing upper nanofiber forests structure and phenolic resin photoresist coating.The height, width, density and specific surface area of nano-forest are studied and analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Optical properties are tested by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The driving force is characterized by the flow rate of PBS solution.The sensitization effect is evaluated by saturated fluorescence test through antibody and AbFluor 680 dye-labeled secondary antibody. The sample pad, bond pad, micro-channel with nano-forests structure, nitrocellulose membrane and absorbent material are assembled on PMMA substrate in sequence, which is the microfluidic chip. The chip based on the sandwich format with a polyclonal antibody and a AbFluor 680 dye-labeled secondary antibody is used to detect ricin toxin(RT). Results: The scanning electron microscope shows that the nanofiber forests structure is formed on quartz substrate after oxygen plasma and argon plasma bombardment. The single nanofiber is upright on the substrate with a diameter of about 50-100 nm, a height of 1.8 um and a density of about 20/μm2. The quartz nano-forests structure can be obtained after RIE with nano-fibre forests structure as mask and resist removal. The single structure is shaped like a cone. The diameter of the cone bottom is about 100-200 nm, the height is about 1.0 um, the density is about 10/μm2, and the surface area to bottom area is more than 5:1. Self-driven test provides information of the flow rate of PBS is to be about 5 mm/s in the micro-channel on the basis of nano-forests structure. The transmittance of the channel is 89.5%at 680 nm wavelength. It shows that the channel has good transmittance, which makes the loss of excitation light or emission light much less, and is conducive to the sensor capturing more signals. With same surface modification, the planar quartz structure has shortcomings of short lasting effect time and low saturation fluorescence intensity. To the contrary, nano-forests structure with ultra-large surface area has a good sensitization effect in the test. RT can be detected sensitively based on the significantly fluorescent intensity.The linear range of detection is from 10 pg/mL to 6250 pg/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) is lower than 10 pg/mL. Conclusion: The nano-forests structure with good optical properties reduces the requirements of sensor and also makes the choice of fluorescent dyes wider.The three-dimensional structure of the nano-forest has an ultra-large surface area, which increases the amount of antibody compared to the planar structure, and thus improves the sensitivity of detection greatly. Compared with the immunochromatographic test strip, the microfluidic chip has an advantage of high sensitivity, thus the quantitative analysis can be realized within a certain range. Most microfluidic chips require complex equipments to provide driving force, which will make them costly and bulky. Driven by the capillary force, the chip with nano-forests structure inside makes the detection simple and fast. Combined with the miniaturized detection terminal, the platform can be miniaturized, portable, and automated, achieving the goal of simple, fast and efficient analysis. These characteristics make the chip an ideal candidate for the development of rapid detection methods.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究L-茶氨酸对过氧化氢（H2O2）诱导山羊瘤胃上皮细胞凋亡的保护作用。采集42日龄的湘东黑山羊的瘤胃组织进行原代细胞分离、培养、纯化。对照组采用完全培养基，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在完全培养基中添加800 µmol/L H2O2、4 mmol/L L-茶氨酸+800 µmol/L H2O2、8 mmol/L L-茶氨酸+800 µmol/L H2O2和16 mmol/L L-茶氨酸+800 µmol/L H2O2，每组3个重复。培养12 h后，采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测细胞存活率，采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期，采用实时定量PCR法和蛋白质印迹（Western blot）法检测Bax和Bcl-2基因及其蛋白的表达。结果表明：L-茶氨酸能显著提高H2O2损伤的瘤胃上皮细胞存活率（P<0.05），显著增加S期细胞比例（P<0.05），显著降低Bax基因和蛋白表达量（P<0.05），显著提高Bcl-2基因和蛋白表达量（P<0.05），显著提高Bcl-2和Bax基因和蛋白表达量的比值（P<0.05）。结果提示，L-茶氨酸能通过抑制细胞凋亡来有效地保护由H2O2导致的瘤胃上皮细胞损伤；体外条件下，培养液中添加的L-茶氨酸浓度高于8 mm/L时能有效发挥抗凋亡作用。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在利用单胃动物仿生消化系统（SDS-Ⅱ）研究外源淀粉酶对肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能的影响，为准确评价饲用酶制剂的有效性提供依据。试验采用2×4双因素完全随机设计，参照我国《鸡饲养标准》（NY/T 33-2004）和NRC（1994）鸡营养需要配制肉鸡1~21日龄和22~42日龄玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮，并分别在2种基础饲粮中添加1 840、9 200和18 400 U/g的外源淀粉酶配制6种添加淀粉酶的饲粮，以不添加外源淀粉酶的2种基础饲粮作为对照，利用SDS-Ⅱ测定8种饲粮的体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）、体外表观粗蛋白质消化率（IVACPD）、体外标准化粗蛋白质消化率（IVSCPD）、体外淀粉消化率（IVSTD）、体外总能消化率（IVGED）和体外代谢能（IVME）。每种饲粮设5个重复，每个重复设1根消化管。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，1 840、9 200和18 400 U/g淀粉酶组饲粮胃阶段的IVDMD和IVGED均显著增加（P<0.05）；18 400 U/g淀粉酶组饲粮的IVME显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；22~42日龄饲粮的全消化道IVDMD、IVGED以及IVME均显著高于1~21日龄饲粮（P<0.05）。2）1 840和9 200 U/g淀粉酶组的全消化道IVACPD和IVSCPD均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），22~42日龄饲粮的全消化道IVACPD和IVSCPD显著高于1~21日龄饲粮（P<0.05）。3）8种饲粮的全消化道IVSTD均在99.40%以上，9 200和18 400 U/g淀粉酶组的全消化道IVSTD显著低于对照组（P<0.05），1~21日龄饲粮的全消化道IVSTD显著高于22~42日龄饲粮（P<0.05）。4）饲粮营养水平和淀粉酶添加剂量对肉鸡饲粮IVDMD、IVDGE、IVACPD、IVSCPD、IVSTD和IVME均存在交互作用（P<0.01）。在本试验条件下，外源淀粉酶的添加提高了肉鸡饲粮胃阶段的IVDMD、IVDGE，1 840和9 200 U/g外源淀粉酶提高了肉鸡饲粮的IVACPD、IVSCPD，18 400 U/g外源淀粉酶提高了肉鸡饲粮的IVME；玉米-豆粕型饲粮中淀粉几乎完全降解，外源淀粉酶对IVSTD的影响可以忽略；饲粮营养水平和外源淀粉酶添加剂量对肉鸡饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能存在交互作用，22~42日龄饲粮的体外养分消化率和代谢能均高于1~21日龄饲粮。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在利用单胃动物仿生消化系统（SDS-Ⅱ）研究外源淀粉酶对肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能的影响，为准确评价饲用酶制剂的有效性提供依据。试验采用2×4双因素完全随机设计，参照我国《鸡饲养标准》（NY/T 33-2004）和NRC（1994）鸡营养需要配制肉鸡1~21日龄和22~42日龄玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮，并分别在2种基础饲粮中添加1 840、9 200和18 400 U/g的外源淀粉酶配制6种添加淀粉酶的饲粮，以不添加外源淀粉酶的2种基础饲粮作为对照，利用SDS-Ⅱ测定8种饲粮的体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）、体外表观粗蛋白质消化率（IVACPD）、体外标准化粗蛋白质消化率（IVSCPD）、体外淀粉消化率（IVSTD）、体外总能消化率（IVGED）和体外代谢能（IVME）。每种饲粮设5个重复，每个重复设1根消化管。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，1 840、9 200和18 400 U/g淀粉酶组饲粮胃阶段的IVDMD和IVGED均显著增加（P<0.05）；18 400 U/g淀粉酶组饲粮的IVME显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；22~42日龄饲粮的全消化道IVDMD、IVGED以及IVME均显著高于1~21日龄饲粮（P<0.05）。2）1 840和9 200 U/g淀粉酶组的全消化道IVACPD和IVSCPD均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），22~42日龄饲粮的全消化道IVACPD和IVSCPD显著高于1~21日龄饲粮（P<0.05）。3）8种饲粮的全消化道IVSTD均在99.40%以上，9 200和18 400 U/g淀粉酶组的全消化道IVSTD显著低于对照组（P<0.05），1~21日龄饲粮的全消化道IVSTD显著高于22~42日龄饲粮（P<0.05）。4）饲粮营养水平和淀粉酶添加剂量对肉鸡饲粮IVDMD、IVDGE、IVACPD、IVSCPD、IVSTD和IVME均存在交互作用（P<0.01）。在本试验条件下，外源淀粉酶的添加提高了肉鸡饲粮胃阶段的IVDMD、IVDGE，1 840和9 200 U/g外源淀粉酶提高了肉鸡饲粮的IVACPD、IVSCPD，18 400 U/g外源淀粉酶提高了肉鸡饲粮的IVME；玉米-豆粕型饲粮中淀粉几乎完全降解，外源淀粉酶对IVSTD的影响可以忽略；饲粮营养水平和外源淀粉酶添加剂量对肉鸡饲粮体外养分消化率和代谢能存在交互作用，22~42日龄饲粮的体外养分消化率和代谢能均高于1~21日龄饲粮。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：外源蛋白酶因可改善畜禽生长性能和健康，提高蛋白质、氨基酸等养分的消化率和节约饲料资源等特点而备受关注。外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生长性能、养分消化率和健康受动物的年龄、饲粮类型、酶自身特性等因素的影响。本文概述了蛋白酶的分类、酶活性测定方法及其功能，侧重分析了外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生长性能、养分消化率和健康等方面的影响，并讨论了添加外源蛋白酶对猪、鸡生产中环境排放的影响作用，以期为外源蛋白酶在畜禽养殖中的高效使用提供理论依据
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验通过建立过氧化氢（H2O2）诱导山羊瘤胃上皮传代细胞凋亡模型，研究L-茶氨酸对H2O2诱导山羊瘤胃上皮传代细胞凋亡比率及其凋亡通路关键基因表达量的影响。选取42日龄湘东黑山羊的瘤胃上皮传代细胞，培养于含5%胎牛血清（FBS）的DMEM/F12培养基中，待细胞密度达到60%～70%时，随机分为5组，分别为培养基中无额外添加物的对照组、添加800 µmol/L H2O2的Ⅰ组、添加800 µmol/L H2O2+4 mmol/L L-茶氨酸的Ⅱ组、添加800 µmol/L H2O2+8 mmol/L L-茶氨酸的Ⅲ组和添加800 µmol/L H2O2+16 mmol/L L-茶氨酸的Ⅳ组，每组3个重复。作用12 h后，应用流式细胞术（FCM）检测山羊瘤胃上皮传代细胞凋亡比率，并采用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）对山羊瘤胃上皮传代细胞凋亡通路关键基因半胱氨酸天冬氨酸-3（Caspase-3）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸-8（Caspase-8）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸-9（Caspase-9）、Fas相关死亡域蛋白（FADD）和凋亡酶激活因子（Apaf-1）的表达量进行检测。结果显示：1）通过膜联蛋白-V（annexin V）/碘化丙啶（PI）联合染色结果可知，与Ⅰ组相比，各L-茶氨酸添加组（Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组）细胞晚期凋亡比率显著降低（P＜0.05），且细胞晚期凋亡比率随L-茶氨酸添加浓度的增加逐渐降低。2）通过PCR检测结果可知，与Ⅰ组相比，各L-茶氨酸添加组Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Apaf-1基因的表达量皆显著降低（P＜0.05）。由此得出，L-茶氨酸对H2O2引起的山羊瘤胃上皮传代细胞凋亡具有一定的保护作用，该结果可为今后研究反刍家畜瘤胃氧化应激损伤机制提供技术支持和理论参考。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：针对饲粮非淀粉多糖（NSP）酶的海量筛选工作和动物试验间的可比性差等问题，本研究探讨使用体外模拟法优化生长猪玉米-豆粕型饲粮和玉米-杂粕型饲粮的NSP酶谱。首先采用单因素随机试验设计，研究NSP酶的添加水平与饲粮体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）的关系。在玉米-豆粕型饲粮和玉米-杂粕型饲粮中分别添加不同水平的纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、α-半乳糖苷酶和果胶酶6种NSP酶，分析各NSP酶对饲粮IVDMD的作用效果。然后采用二次回归旋转正交组合试验设计，筛选2种饲粮中6种NSP酶的最佳酶谱。结果表明：1）6种NSP酶的添加水平与2种类型猪饲粮IVDMD之间存在二次曲线关系。2）α-半乳糖苷酶对玉米-豆粕型饲粮的IVDMD提升最高，达到了1.28%，木聚糖酶对玉米-杂粕型饲粮的IVDMD提升最高，达到了1.95%。3）玉米-豆粕型饲粮的最佳酶谱为：纤维素酶533.6 U/kg、木聚糖酶9 983.7 U/kg、β-葡聚糖酶1 014.4 U/kg、β-甘露聚糖酶4 080.6 U/kg、α-半乳糖苷酶251.6 U/kg和果胶酶107.3 U/kg。玉米-杂粕型饲粮的最佳酶谱为：纤维素酶960.0 U/kg、木聚糖酶17 177.6 U/kg、β-葡聚糖酶405.8 U/kg、β-甘露聚糖酶19 023.2 U/kg、α-半乳糖苷酶307.2 U/kg和果胶酶96.9 U/kg。4）优化后的酶谱使玉米-豆粕型饲粮的IVDMD提升了3.26%，使玉米-杂粕型饲粮的IVDMD提升了3.75%。由此可见，6种NSP酶联合使用能够更大程度地提高生长猪玉米-豆粕型饲粮和玉米-杂粕型饲粮的IVDMD。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究生长猪基础饲粮组成对磷酸氢钙（DCP）和磷酸二氢钙（MCP）中磷的全肠道真消化率（TTTD）的影响。试验1选用10头平均体重为(30.4±1.8) kg的生长猪，按照10×8不完全拉丁方设计，分别饲喂含有5个DCP添加水平的玉米-豆粕型和含有5个DCP添加水平的小麦-豆粕型饲粮，进行8期消化试验；试验2选用10头平均体重为(30.9±1.5) kg的生长猪，按照10×8不完全拉丁方设计，分别饲喂含有5个MCP添加水平的玉米-豆粕型和含有5个MCP添加水平的小麦-豆粕型饲粮，进行8期消化试验。每期消化试验包括5 d的饲粮适应期和2 d的粪便收集期。结果表明：1）玉米-豆粕型饲粮的总粪磷排泄量极显著高于小麦-豆粕型饲粮（P<0.01），小麦-豆粕型饲粮的全肠道可消化磷含量和磷的表观全肠道消化率（ATTD）极显著高于玉米-豆粕型饲粮（P<0.01）。饲粮添加DCP和MCP线性增加总粪磷排泄量、全肠道可消化磷含量及磷的ATTD（P<0.01）。2）通过使用线性回归法，测得生长猪采食玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型饲粮对DCP中磷的TTTD分别为82.33%和82.88%，生长猪采食玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型饲粮对MCP中磷的TTTD分别为85.88%和84.62%。由此可见，生长猪基础饲粮组成对DCP和MCP中磷的TTTD无显著影响。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本文旨在利用体外产气法评定西藏地区不同牧草营养价值。选取西藏地区5种常见牧草，通过单因素试验设计，利用体外产气法评定5种牧草体外发酵48 h累积产气量、理论最大产气量（Vf）、初始产气速率（FRD0）、达到最大产气量一半时所需时间（t0.5）、体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)、体外中性洗涤纤维消失率（IVNDFD）、pH、氨态氮（NH3-N）浓度以及挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）产量。结果表明，体外发酵48 h后，苇状羊茅体外48 h累积产气量、Vf、FRD0、IVDMD及甲烷（CH4）、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总VFA产量均显著高于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)，但其体外发酵pH及乙酸/丙酸显著低于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)；紫花苜蓿体外NH3-N浓度最高，显著高于其他4种牧草(P<0.05)。综上分析，苇状羊茅体外发酵效果最佳，与其他试验牧草相比，更容易被瘤胃微生物降解利用。
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