Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Based on the 25 ha karst forest big plot in Gulinqing, Yunnan, through sample-plot investigation, specimen collection and identification, floristic analysis, Jaccard similarity coefficient and PCA, we explored its floristic characteristics and the status of the Gulinqing big plot in Yunnnan and the geographical relationships among Gulinqing in Yunnan, Bubeng in Yunnan, and Nonggang in Guangxi, China. The results were as follows: (1) There were about 78 families, 238 genera, and 406 species（including infraspecies taxa and excluding woody vines）of woody plants with DBH≥ 1cm. (2) In the plot, the families with two–five species and with one species were dominant and accounted for 37.18% and 34.62% of the total number of families, respectively, while the genera with two–four species and with one species were also dominant and accounted for 30.25% and 65.13% of the total number of genera, respectively. (3) Through analysis of the areal-types of families and genera, it was found that it had been divided into 9 areal-types and 7 variations at the family level, and the proportion of families was the highest at Pantropic, accounting for 50.77%, and the ratio of tropical flora to temperate flora (R/T) was 4.42; there were 11 areal-types at the genera level, mainly composed of Tropical Asian, Pantropic, Old World Tropics, 33.47%, 18.22%, and 13.98% respectively, and with R/T of the genera was 10.25. (4) The composition of Gulinqing, Bubeng and Nonggang big plots showed that Gulinqing and Bubeng had the highest similarity in family and genera level at Jaccard similarity coefficient (0.674 and 0.395, respectively), and Bubeng and Nonggang with the smallest Jaccard similarity coefficient (0.575 and 0.297, respectively). (5) PCA principal component analysis of the floristic spectrum had similar result of the Jaccard similarity coefficient above in the level of genera, but different one at the level of families, e.g. a higher geographical connection between Gulinqing and Nonggang. In summary, this plot has a high diversity of families and genera, significant tropical characteristics, ancient floristic characteristics, obvious transitional status and extensive flora connections. However, there is an inconsistent geographical connection among Gulinqing, Bubeng and Nonggang from the composition and floristic spectrum.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Phyllosphere microorganisms are a crucial component of environmental microorganisms, highly influenced by host characteristics, and play a significant role in plant health and productivity. Nonetheless, the impact of host characteristics on shaping phyllosphere microbial communities of plants with different life forms remains ambiguous. Utilizing high-throughput sequencing technology, this study analyzed the diversity and community composition of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi) of various plant life forms in the hinterland of the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwest China. Functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX) and fungi function guild (FUNGuild) were employed to assess the ecological functions of microorganisms and to investigate the role of stochastic and deterministic processes in shaping phyllosphere microbial communities. Result showed a diverse array of phyllosphere epiphytic microorganisms in the desert plants, with Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteriota dominating bacterial community, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were prevalent in fungal community. Comparison across different plant life forms highlighted distinct microbial communities, indicating strong filtering effects by plant characteristics. FAPROTAX prediction identified intracellular parasites (accounting for 27.44% of bacterial community abundance), chemoheterotrophy (10.12%), and phototrophy (17.41%) as the main functions of epiphytic bacteria on leaves of different life form plants. FUNGuild prediction indicated that phyllosphere epiphytic fungi primarily served as Saprotrophs (81.77%), Pathotrophs (17.41%), and Symbiotrophs (0.82%). Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated a predominance of positive correlations among different microbial taxa. Raup-Crick dissimilarity index analysis revealed that deterministic processes predominantly influenced phyllosphere bacterial and fungal community assembly. Variance partitioning analysis and random forest modeling suggested that plant leaf functional traits significantly impacted both bacterial and fungal community composition, with fungal community composition showing a closer association with leaf nutrients and physiology compared with bacterial community composition. The distinct responses of bacterial and fungal communities to plant traits were attributed to the differing properties of bacteria and fungi, such as bacteria having higher potential dispersal rates and broader ecological niches than fungi. Overall, the results indicate that phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities undergo similar community assembly processes, with fungi being more influenced by plant characteristics than bacteria. These findings offer novel insights into the ecology of phyllosphere microbial communities of desert plants.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Li Jinghan
Zhang Shunwei
Yang Xiaobo
Li Donghai
Qi Chunlin
Huang Yao
Zhang Xiang
Hao Jiewei
Liang Caiqun
Zhu Zicheng
Jiang Yuexin
Wang Chongyang
HE Yiqi
Abstract： Based on the ‘National Key Protected Wild Plants List’ and related data in 2021, combined with field investigation, the ‘National Key Protected Wild Plants List of Hainan Province’ was integrated, and its composition and floristic characteristics were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) Among the national key protected wild plants, the original Cycas changjiangensis, C. hainanensis, C. lingshuigensis and C. taiwaniana were incorporated into C. taiwaniana; compared with the National Key Protected Wild Plant List in 1999, the original Semiliquidambar cathayensis and Amphicarpaea linearis were removed from the protection category, and Bretschneidera sinensis was degraded from the Category I protection to the Category II protection.127 species of national key protected wild plants were added, and a total of 173 species ( including varieties ) were added, belonging to 53 families and 83 genera, including 8 species of national Category I protected wild plants. There are 165 species of national Category II protected wild plants and 32 endemic species in Hainan Province, which belong to 4 groups. Among them, the angiosperm species are the most abundant, with 129 species. (2) Based on years of field investigation information and the results of this survey, Cycas rumphii, C. shanyagensis, Alsophila costularis and Paphiopedilum purpuratum have not been investigated. (3) The life forms of 173 protected plants were divided into 5 types, mainly phanerophytes ( 115 species ), followed by hemicryptophytes ( 34 species ) and hemicryptophytes ( 22 species ), and hemicryptophytes and cushion plants were the least ( 1 species ). (4) At the family level, Orchidaceae had the most species, including 47 species ( 27.17% ). At the genus level, Dendrobium has the largest number of species, including 21 species ( 12.14% ). (5) The floristic elements are complex and have obvious tropical characteristics. The families are mainly distributed in the pantropics and their variants. The genera are mainly distributed in tropical Asia and its variants. In summary, the tropical nature and unique phenomena of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province are obvious, and there are many new protected species. Therefore, background investigation and dynamic monitoring should be carried out continuously, law enforcement should be strengthened, human factors should be reduced to interfere with and destroy habitats, and in-situ and ex-situ protection measures should be taken to strengthen protection and management.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The updated List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (LNKPWP) was released by 1National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in September 2021. By integrating literature search, herbarium record, field investigation and expert consultation, we compiled the updated list, investigated the geographic map, research progresses, threatened status, and protection status of National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP) in Hubei Province. The results were as follows: (1) There are 155 species on the LNKPWP in Hubei Province, of which 11 species belong to Category I and the remaining 144 species belong to Category II. (2) Geographic distribution of NKPWP in Hubei Province is uneven and concentrated in west and southwest areas, with Shennongjia and Lichuan have the greatest numbers of NKPWP. (3) The most studied species are the species with economic value, flagship species and regional representative species. In addition, more than a third of the species (55 species) were almost unstudied. The research of NKPWP in Hubei Province focused on genetic diversity, genetic structure, future distribution prediction under global change conditions, and phylogeography. (4) According to the “China Red List of Biodiversity-Higher Plants Volume”, the NKPWP in Hubei Province contain 9 critically endangered species, 30 endangered species, 41 vulnerable species and 19 near-threatened species. The main threatened factors are direct mining or logging, habitat degradation or loss, and species intrinsic factors. (5) Until now, 137 species(88%) of NKPWP in Hubei Province are wholly or partially located in protected areas, and the remaining 18 species (12%) are completely located outside protected areas. At present, 93 species of NKPWP have been introduced and cultivated in Hubei Province, while the other 62 species have not been recorded under ex situ conservation. In addition, very few species have been reintroduced into the wild. (6) At present, although the distribution ranges of seven wild plants in Hubei Province (five of which are endemic to Hubei) are limited and they are negatively affected by internal causes and human interference, they have not been included in the LNKPWP. In addition, this study points out the knowledge gaps in the research and protection of NKPWP in Hubei Province, and puts forward specific research suggestions and protection strategies.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Nitrogen (N) is a mineral nutrient with the highest demand for plants, and it is also a vital abiotic factor that limits plant yield and quality. Plants use inorganic and organic N sources from soil, and N form is a key factor affecting the active ingredients and their contents in medicinal plants. However, the utilization characteristics of different N forms by medicinal plants and the impact on active ingredients remain to be investigated. With nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), amide nitrogen (urea, UN) and amino acid nitrogen (glycine, GN) as sole N source and combining 15N isotope tracing and physiological and biochemical analysis, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of N uptake and utilization and its effect on the accumulation of andrographolide components at different growth stages (rapid growth stage, jointing stage, budding stage, flowering stage) of Andrographis paniculata. The results were as follows: (1) N content in leaves and roots decreased gradually with the growth period, and it was lower in the NN treatment. (2) The absorption rate of N was higher in the vegetative growth period, and rapidly decreased in the reproductive growth period. The absorption rate of AN, UN and GN was higher than that of NN in A. paniculata. (3) The allocation ratio of N in leaves was decreased, while the allocation ratio of N in stems was increased at budding stage. In comparison to the NN treatment, AN, UN, and GN treatments reduced N allocation ratio in leaves, but increased the ratio in stems and roots at this growth stage. (4) At rapid growth stage, the maximum carboxylation rate and maximum electron transport rate of photosynthesis were lower in the NN treatment, as well as the proportion of leaf N allocation in the carboxylation system and bioenergetics components. However, the allocation of leaf N in the carboxylation system in UN and AN treatment was reduced at budding stage and flowering stage, respectively. (5) AN, UN and GN increased andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide contents, and decreased 14- deoxyandrographolide content at budding and flowering stages, while neoandrographolide was slightly affected by N forms. (6) The contents of andrographolide and neoandrographolide were significantly negatively correlated with N contents in leaves, stems and roots, N uptake rate, and N allocation ratio in leaves and roots, while they were significantly positively correlated with N allocation ratio in stems. The opposite was true for 14-deoxyandrographolide. Taken together, the results indicate that the vegetative growth period is the main period for N uptake in A. paniculata, and that A. paniculata can better utilize AN, UN, and GN, and promote the accumulation of andrographolide components by optimizing N allocation. The results provide a theoretical reference for N management of A. paniculata.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The symbiotic fungi in roots of young Quercus wutaishansea at different ages were isolated directly from root tips to elucidate community structure and dynamic changes. The isolated fungi were identified based on the morphological characteristics of colony and molecular analysis. The results were as follows: （1）A total of 249 fungal strains were isolated from the roots of young Q. wutaishansea, 18 species belonging to 15 genera, 8 families, 7 orders, 8 classes and 2 phyla were recognized. Among them, 2 species are ascomycotes and 16 species are basidiomycets. Pezicula pruinosa was the species with the highest isolation frequency (81.93%), followed by Dactylonectria torresensis (4.02%), Ilyonectria robusta (2.01%) and Atrocalyx nordicus (2.01%). （2）Significant differences in species and quantities of symbiotic fungi demonstrate in different ages of young Quercus wutaishansea, with the highest frequency of isolation occurring in the 4-5 years old (44.98%) followed by the triennial (29.32%), biennial (19.68%) and annual (6.02%). To sum up, culturable symbiotic fungi in the roots of young Q. wutaishansea on Liupan Mountain were highly diverse. Species and quantities of isolates varied at different ages of trees, and the diversity increased with the growth of tree. Pezicula pruinosa is the most dominant culturable symbiotic fungi in roots of young Quercus wutaishansea. The results lay the foundation for further investigating symbiotic fungal resources and exploring the microbial symbiotic mechanism of Q. wutaishansea in adapting to local environment.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
HUANG Yanying
PENG Xiaohui
OU Guining
PENG Xiaoxue
GAN Li
HUANG Yuanhang
YANG Taiyi
QIN Fengyan
SHEN Zhangyou
WEI Maogui
Abstract： For revealing the mechanism of cassava continuous cropping obstacle formation, the current study planted cassava in a fixed field for three consecutive years, and applied high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics to explore effects of continuous cropping on fungal community structure of both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of cassava soils. The results were as follows: (1) Continuous cropping caused significant effects on the α diversity and β diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of cassava. (2) The dominant fungi phyla of cassava rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were Ascomycota, SAR_k__norank, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, and unclassified _k __Fungi, while the main classes were Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes and Intramacronucleata. The composition of Ascomycota of the non-rhizosphere soils varied with the continuous cropping years significantly. In the rhizosphere, Hypocreales, Chaetothyriales, Myrothecium, Dothideomycetes, and Sordariomycetes were observed in 2019 and 2020, while Monosiga was found in 2021. (3) Soil pH, organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, and urease activity significantly influenced the structure of fungal communities, especially for distributions of Ascomycota, SAR_k__norank, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota. In conclusion, continuous cropping of cassava influenced soil physicochemical properties through the accumulation of root exudates, thus altering the survival environment of fungi, leading to differences of the diversity and the abundance of fungal communities between cassava rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. The relative abundance of Hypocreales, Myrothecium, and Sordariomycetes decreased with continuous cropping years, which may be one of main causes of the continuous cropping obstacles of cassava.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Bsang is a folk activity with unique ethnic cultural characteristics on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), and it plays an important role in the daily life of Zang people. There are abundant bsang plant resources and related bsang cultural knowledge on the QTP, to investigate, document, and research Xizang bsang plants and related traditional knowledge, the research team conducted four ethnobotanical surveys on bsang plants in Xizang. Interviews were conducted with 459 informants from 22 townships, documenting 83 species of bsang plants belonging to 36 genera across 19 families. The results were as follows: (1) People of different regions, ages, and genders possess extensive knowledge of bsang plants; (2) Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste, Juniperus indica, Rhododendron anthopogon and have high cultural value (CV) indices, making them crucial in bsang activities; (3) The utilization of bsang plants demonstrates regional and substitutive characteristics, reflecting the local practices of scientifically managing and sustainably collecting of bsang plant resources. This study contributes to the inheritance of bsang activities and the biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization of bsang plant resources.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
XU Pengn
TAN Qiujinn
SONG Haiyunn
ZHENG Shufangn
YANG Xiaozhoun
HUAN Xiujun
ZHANG Taon
ZHOU Chunhengn
WEI Yuanrongn
WANG Wenlinn
Abstract： Macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia) is an evergreen nut tree with high economic value. Its kernel is rich in nutrients such as fatty acid and protein, etc. In order to further explore the main regulatory genes related to nutrient formation in M. integrifolia kernels, transcriptomics, gene cloning, fluorescence quantification PCR and bioinformatics techniques were used to screen potential regulatory genes from the kernel transcriptomes of ‘Guire No. 1’ and ‘A4’, which have significantly different nutrient content in M. integrifolia kernels. The results were as follows: (1) Transcriptome analysis showed that 1 667 genes were up-regulated and 1 798 genes down-regulated in ‘Guire No. 1’ kernel compared with those of ‘A4’ kernel and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differential genes were mainly in starch and glucose metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and carbon metabolism. (2) A significant differential gene-LOC122077931 encoding the R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB44L was discovered. The MiMYB44L gene was cloned in kernels of M. integrifolia variety ‘Guire No. 1’ using RACE technology, which was 1 165 bp in length, 999 bp in ORF in length, and encoded 332 amino acids. (3) Bioinformatics analysis confirmed the presence of the SANT domain in the MiMYB44L protein, a hallmark feature of the R2R3-MYB family. The protein lacked both a signal peptide and a transmembrane domain but featured phosphorylation sites. (4) The protein content in kernels of 10 M. integrifolia varieties was determined. And it was found that the expression of MiMYB44L gene in M. integrifolia varieties with high protein content was significantly higher than that in varieties with low protein content, and the overall correlation coefficient was 0.54, reaching a very significant level. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance for in-depth analysis of the regulatory mechanism of MiMYB44L gene in the formation of protein content in M. integrifolia.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Rock outcrop is a typical feature of karst ecosystem, on which there are complex microhabitats and various colonized plants, but the relationship between these plants and microhabitats is not clear. Taking a tropical seasonal humid forest in Xishuangbanna as the research object in this study, we measured the morphological characteristics and external environmental factors of 586 microhabitats on rock outcrops surface. All colonized vascular species on these microhabitats were identified and counted. Then, Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to reveal the relationship between microhabitats (including morphological characteristics and environmental factors) and vascular plants richness. The results were as follows: (1) In tropical karst forest, the microhabitat characteristic such as soil depth [(4.92±4.00)] cm and area [(532.28±1 575.10) cm2] have great variability. (2) A total of 1 518 individuals of 90 species belonging to 82 genera and 44 families were recorded in all microhabitats, and karst preferent species that dominants on limestone accounted for 35.6%. (3) The area size and soil depth of microhabitat can explain more than 70% of species composition and colonized plants richness in RDA model. (4) The species-area relationship between the richness of the colonized plants and the area of rock outcrops microhabitats shows an obvious exponential decay. In conclusion, microhabitats on rock outcrops in the tropical karst forest is highly heterogeneous, the area size and soil depth are the key factors affecting plant colonization, and the species-area relationship dominates the species richness pattern on rock outcrops microhabitats.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The aerenchyma is an adaptive structure of Saussurea medusa in response to extreme environments, and its formation is usually accompanied by programmed cell death （PCD）. The death of cells and the formation of aerenchyma are typically regulated by the PAD4 gene （Phytoalexin deficient 4）. However, the mechanism by which SmPAD4 regulates the formation of aerenchyma in S. medusa remains unclear. In this study, S. medusa was used as the experimental material, and the gene SmPAD4 related to ventilation tissue formation was cloned by homologous cloning and RACE technology, and its sequence, phylogenetic evolution, expression and subcellular localization were analyzed, and its promoter was amplified by hi-1IL PCR technology to explore its function in environmental adaptation. The results were as follows:（1） The cDNA of SmPAD4 gene was successfully cloned with a total length of 2 047 （ GenBank accession number OR766038）, including an open reading frame of 1 866 bp, encoding 621 amino acids, a molecular formula of C3163H4906N848O910S26. The protein was an alkaline and hydrophilic unstable protein. （2）Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SmPAD4 had high similarity with CcPAD4 of Cynara cardunculus. （3）A 1 049 bp promoter sequence of SmPAD4 was amplified, which included cis-acting elements such as light response element, hypoxia response element, methyl jasmonate response element, dry early, auxin response element and binding site of WRKY transcription factor.（4）Real-time quantitative fluorescence analysis showed that SmPAD4 gene was expressed in roots, stems and leaves, and the expression level was the highest in leaves. Under ultraviolet and hypoxia stress, the expression of SmPAD4 gene was up-regulated in leaves and stems, and down-regulated in roots. （ 5 ） Subcellular localization showed that SmPAD4 is distributed in the nucleus, cell membrane, and chloroplast. The results show that SmPAD4 gene has a unique protein domain and it responds to hypoxia and ultraviolet environmental stress, so it plays an important role in the formation of aerenchyma and the response to adversity stress. This study provides theoretical basis for further exploring the role of SmPAD4 gene in the environmental adaptation process of S. medusa.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Vegetation restoration is an effective way for ecological restoration in the dry-hot valley, and many alien species are introduced along with natural vegetation restoration. In order to compare the responses of native and alien species to water and microorganisms, the native Albizia kalkora and alien Leucaena leucocephala were selected as our research objects, and the effects of water and soil microorganisms on the growth and development of the two plants were studied by soil moisture control and soil microbial inoculation under climate chamber conditions. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with Leucaena leucocephala, the seed germination rate, root biomass, root-shoot ratio and plant nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of Albizia kalkora were significantly increased by 58.82%, 76.13%, 90.59% and 18.42%, respectively (P<0.05); (2) Under the drought conditions, the root biomass and plant nitrogen concentration of Albizia kalkora were significantly lower than those under moist conditions by 33.67% and 8.65% (P<0.05), and the plant height, aboveground biomass and root biomass of Leucaena leucocephala under drought conditions were 39.32%, 40.06% and 39.61% lower than those under moist conditions (P<0.05), indicating that drought inhibited the growth and nutrient uptake of both plants; (3) The number of nodules in the roots of Albizia kalkora under drought conditions was higher than that under moist conditions (P<0.05), while the number of nodules in the roots of Leucaena leucocephala under moist conditions was higher than that under drought conditions; (4) Except for the proportion of dead leaf biomass, soil microbial inoculation and the interaction between soil microorganisms and water had no significant effect on the growth of Albizia kalkora and Leucaena leucocephala. The above results suggest that Albizia kalkora is more suitable for drought environment than Leucaena leucocephala, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of species for vegetation restoration in dry-hot valleys, but the effects of soil microorganisms on plant growth are worthy of further study.
Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics Subjects: Biology >> Radiobiology submitted time 2024-05-06
Abstract： Manned spaceflight and nuclear technology applications are running on a highway in China today. The radiation and nuclear safety will continue to be a major national demand in a long term. Thus, the continuous observation of new radiation protection molecular targets and related drugs is of great value to us. Our previous study has found that the circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP-3) showed a significant increase after total body exposure of mice to ionizing radiation. However, the function of IGFBP-3 and the effects of it level change on radiation induced damages are still unclear. In this study, we set up the Igfbp3 gene overexpression and knock-down cell models in mouse Kupffer (MKC) cells. The CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, clone formation assay and microsphere phagocytosis experiment were performed for investing the proliferation activity, DNA replication activity and phagocytic ability of different cell models after carbon-ion irradiation. Moreover，mice were tail vein injected with recombinant IGFBP-3 protein at 2 hours before 5 Gy carbon-ion irradiation, and the survival curves of mice were drawn. The results showed that overexpression of IGFBP-3 protein significantly alleviated the radiation-induced decrease of the DNA replication activity, cell viability, clone formation rate, and phagocytic ability of MKC cells. On the contrary, the knock-down of IGFBP-3 protein expression reduced the above results. Injection of IGFBP-3 protein before carbon-ion exposure significantly delayed the time of death in mice. Our results indicate at the cellular and animal levels that IGFBP-3 protein has the potential to reduce radiation-induced damages and serve as a target for radiation protection. Through enhancing the radiation resistance and phagocytic ability of Kupffer cells in mice to reduce the risk of infection after radiation exposure might be the underlying mechanism of the effects of IGFBP-3 on radiation protection.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-04-17 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore the effect of exogenous polyamines (PAs) on embryogenic callus (EC) proliferation and somatic embryogenesis of litchi, the morphology, structure, endogenous PA content and related enzyme activities were systematically investigated using the ‘Feizixiao’ ECs as materials subcultured on the medium supplemented with various PAs. The results were as follows: (1) The exogenous putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) treatment significantly increased the EC proliferation rate and reduced the amount of induced somatic embryos and regenerated plantlets. The proliferated embryogenic cells after exogenous PA treatments were more consistent in size and stained deeply and evenly. Furthermore, multicellular proembryos in EC were reduced, and fully differentiated early cotyledon embryos could be seen. (2) All the exogenous PA treatments significantly increased the endogenous PA content in EC. Among them, Put treatment had the highest content of each endogenous PA component and total PA. When the EC proliferated on the medium containing exogenous PAs was transferred to the medium without exogenous PAs (M3) for proliferating, the Put content in the EC was still significantly higher than the control, however, the endogenous Spd and Spm were significantly decreased. (3) Exogenous Put treatment significantly increased the activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), arginine decarboxylase (ADC), and diamine oxidase (DAO) in EC, while exogenous Spd and Spm treatments significantly reduced the activities of ADC and DAO in EC, and exogenous Spd significantly increased PAO activity. When transferred to the M3 medium, the ADC and DAO activities of newly proliferated EC were significantly lower than those of EC cultured with exogenous PAs, but there was no significant difference in ODC and PAO activities. In summary, the exogenous PAs can affect endogenous PA content by regulating the activity of enzymes related to polyamine metabolism, thereby affecting EC proliferation and somatic embryo induction in litchi. These results would provide a basis for further study on the mechanism of PAs regulating litchi regeneration in vitro.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-04-17 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To investigate and clarify the aroma components and contents of different varieties of Guizhou rabbit-eye blueberries, this study used headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) methods to analyze the aroma component content of the main rabbit-eye blueberry grown in Guizhou, such as ‘Coastal’, ‘Britewell’, ‘Climax’, ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Powderblue’. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 46 aroma components in 7 categories were detected in the 5 varieties, including 8 types of alcohols, 13 types of terpens, 9 types of benzenes, 3 types of aldehydes, 5 types of esters, 4 types of alkanes, and 4 types of others. (2) ‘Climax’ has the most aroma components with 33, while ‘Powderblue’ has the least with only 24; among the aroma components of each variety, aldehydes account for the largest proportion, followed by benzenes, with ‘Britewell’ having the highest content of aldehydes (59.32%) and ‘Powderblue’ the highest content of benzenes (42.58%). (3) Among the five varieties, ‘Coastal’ has the highest total content of aroma components, at 172 872.20 ng‧g-1, followed by ‘Britewell’ at 162 200.87 ng‧g-1; ‘Coastal’ and ‘Powderblue’ have lower total aroma component contents, at 91 284.45 ng‧g-1 and 97 511.10 ng‧g-1, respectively. The significant differences in aroma components and contents among these five rabbit-eye blueberry varieties provide an important basis for the selection of blueberry varieties and the choice of raw materials.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-04-17 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Expansin (EXP) plays an important role in plant response to environmental stress by regulating cell wall relaxation. To explore the role of EXP genes in soybean response to abiotic stress, two soybean EXP genes (GmEXPB5 and GmEXPB7) and their protein sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics, and their expression levels were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The results were as follows: (1) The GmEXPB5 and GmEXPB7 were located on chromosomes 10 and 12 of soybean, and encoded proteins containing 272 and 267 amino acids, respectively. The molecular weight of GmEXPB5 protein was 29.07 kD and the theoretical isoelectric point was 7.51. The molecular weight of GmEXPB7 protein was 29.09 kD and the theoretical isoelectric point was 8.66. Both GmEXPB5 and GmEXPB7 were stable hydrophilic proteins localized in the cell wall. Both GmEXPB5 and GmEXPB7 proteins contained a signal peptide sequence and a conserved DPBB_1 domain. (2) GmEXPB5 was closely related to CaEXPB15 of chickpea, and GmEXPB7 was closely related to EXPB3 of chickpea, red bean and cowpea. (3) GmEXPB5 and GmEXPB7 were expressed in soybean roots, stems and leaves, and their expression levels in roots and leaves were significantly higher than those in stems. (4) GmEXPB5 and GmEXPB7 could respond to salt, drought and cold stresses in soybean seedlings. (5) The promoter region of GmEXPB5 contained two types of stress-related cis-elements (ABRE and ARE). The promoter region of GmEXPB7 contained five types of stress-related cis-elements (ABRE、ARE、CGTCA-motif、TC-rich repeats and MBS). These results indicated that GmEXPB5 and GmEXPB7 could participate in the response of soybean to abiotic stress.
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2024-04-24
Abstract： How to differentiate the diagnosis of depression and bipolar disorder has always been an important problem that needs to be solved urgently in clinical practice. In this study, from the perspective of urine proteomics, urine samples of similar age were collected from two hospitals to investigate the candidate biomarkers for differentiating the diagnosis of depression and bipolar disorder using both group analysis and one-to-many analysis. The experimental results of the paired group analysis showed that 108 differential proteins were identified in the depressed group compared to the bipolar group under strict screening conditions with screening criteria of FC ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5 and a two-tailed unpaired t-test of P < 0.01, with an average of 3.7 randomly generated differential proteins, and a confidence level of 96.6 % for the correlation between these proteins and the disease difference. In the one-to-many analysis, 24 differential proteins were co-identified by the samples of 13 depressed patients, 16 of which showed a completely consistent trend of expression changes in all depressed patients studied, and 6 of which were associated with immunoglobulins; 41 differential proteins were co-identified by the samples of 12 depressed patients out of 13, and 19 of which showed a completely consistent trend of expression change in the These results reflect the strong consistency of differential proteins between the two groups of patients. 12 or more samples from depressed patients were enriched for differential proteins related to multiple biological processes and signaling pathways associated with the immune system, which is consistent with previous studies: immune mechanisms may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of major depression and that drugs with major immune targets can improve depressive symptoms. In the future, it may be possible to observe the immune status of patients with depression to provide direction and basis for the precise treatment of depression. The results of this paper show that urine proteomics can differentiate between depression and bipolar disorder, suggest possible mechanisms and potential targets for the treatment of depression and bipolar disorder, and provide a tool for future differential diagnosis and precision treatment of the diseases.
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Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to adjust the structure of inefficient Pinus massoniana forest and explore the dynamic changes for DOC during the mixed decomposition process of P. massoniana and native broad-leaved tree species. Our research focuses on the leaf litter of P. massoniana, Cinnamomum camphora and Toona sinensi, and combine them into the 15 treatments (3 single tree treatments + 12 mixed treatments) according to different tree species combinations and mass ratios, and then conducted field decomposition experiments to further explore the optimal combination for DOC release. The results showed that: (1) DOC content of Pinus massoniana and most of mixed treatments (except for PT64) significantly increased during the early stages of decomposition (0-6 months), leading to carbon enrichment. The DOC content of leaf litter decreased with the extension of decomposition time, and also exhibit carbon enrichment in small degree during the middle to late stages of decomposition (12-18 months) or the late stages of decomposition (18-24 months). Mixed leaf litter showed that the higher the proportion of broad leaves, the lower the DOC content in the later stage. (2) The antagonistic effect of DOC release rate in the early stage of decomposition (0-6 months) was strong (58.33%), and its synergistic effect gradually strengthened (91.67%) after 6-18 months. But the synergistic effect of leaf litter weakened (66.67%) during the late stage of decomposition (18-24 months). Among all mixed treatments, PT64 exhibited synergistic effects throughout the entire decomposition period, followed by PT73, PCT622 and PCT613(3/4). (3) Partial Least-Squares Regression (PLS) showed that N content, P content, lignin content, condensed tannin content, C/N, C/N, lignin/N, and lignin/P were important factors affecting the release of DOC from litter in this study area. Overall, the DOC release from mixed P. massoniana and broad-leaved litter was affected by tree species, mixing ratio and decomposition time. Among all of the mixtures, PT64, PT73, PCT622 and PCT613 showed strong synergistic effects for DOC release.
Subjects: Biology >> Biophysics Subjects: Chemistry >> Physical Chemistry Subjects: Biology >> Biophysics submitted time 2024-04-16
Abstract： Transcription factor (TF) are proteins that regulates the transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA by binding to a specific DNA sequence. Nucleic acid-protein interactions are crucial in regulating transcription in biological systems. This work presents a quick and convenient method for constructing tight-binding models and offers physical insights into the electronic structure properties of transcription factor complexes and DNA motifs. The tight binding Hamiltonian parameters are generated using the random forest regression algorithm, which reproduces the given ab-initio level calculations with reasonable accuracy. We present a library of residue-level parameters derived from extensive electronic structure calculations over various possible combinations of nucleobases and amino acid side chains from high-quality DNA-protein complex structures. As an example, our approach can reasonably generate the subtle electronic structure details for the orthologous transcription factors human AP-1 and Epstein-Barr virus Zta within a few seconds on a laptop. This method potentially enhances our understanding of the electronic structure variations of gene-protein interaction complexes, even those involving dozens of proteins and genes. We hope this study offers a powerful tool for analyzing transcription regulation mechanisms at an electronic structural level.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The Quercus subsect. Campylolepides contains three species: Q. acutissima Carruth., Q. variabilis Blume and Q. chenii Nakai, which is the East Asian clade of Quercus section Cerris. Species formation and phylogeography of whole subsection or species within the subsection have been studied in detail. It was also found that the Q. section Cerris had an ancient gene introgression with the Q. section Ilex, which led to the plastid capture. However, the specific evolutionary history of plastids in Q. subsect. Campylolepides and Q. section Ilex remains unclear. Our study performed low-coverage whole genome sequencing on 15 samples from Q. section Ilex and integrated previously published data from Q. subsect. Campylolepides and its relatives, resulting in a total of 325 resequencing data, of which 276 individuals were from three Q. subsect. Campylolepides species and 19 populations. We assembled 325 plastids to perform phylogeographic analysis. The results were as follows: (1) There are shared haplotypes among three species of Q. subsect. Campylolepides, but the plastid haplotypes of the entire Q. Subsect.Campylolepides form a monophyletic branch nested within the Q. section Ilex species which are distributed from central China to Liangshan, Sichuan. (2) A relict haplotype of Q. subsection. Campylolepides from the Liaodong Peninsula clustered with Q. pseudosetulosa Q.S.Li & T.Y.Tu, a specie of the Q. section Ilex. (3) Both plastid capture events occurred in the middle Miocene, after which no plastid capture occurred between Quercus Subsect. Campylolepides and Quercus section Ilex. It is hypothesized that Q. subsect. Campylolepides and Q. section Ilex have formed almost complete reproductive isolation.
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