Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-10-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：本研究从柑橘抗病品种的健康植株不同组织中分离纯化和鉴定内生真菌，并测定其发酵产物对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制活性，以明确柑橘抗病品种中内生真菌的组成及其产抗柑橘溃疡病菌活性代谢产物的潜力，为柑橘溃疡病抗菌剂的开发奠定基础。通过组织培养法分离内生真菌，采用形态学和分子生物学方法对其进行鉴定；基于前期的拮抗预试验结果，选取代表性菌株进行发酵培养，通过乙酸乙酯浸提，真空抽滤、旋转蒸发浓缩制备粗提物；采用带毒平板涂布法测定不同菌株发酵产物乙酸乙酯提取物对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制活性。结果表明：共分离得到.72 株内生真菌，归为.2 门（Ascomycota、Basidiomycota）、14 个属，其中优势属为刺盘孢属（Colletotrichum）、球座菌属（Guignardia）、链格孢属（Alternaria）和镰刀属（Fusarium）。不同柑橘品种中内生真菌多样性指数为温州蜜柑（桂林）>沙糖桔（桂林）>沙糖桔（梧州）。不同组织中内生真菌多样性变化因地理位置差异而有所不同，采自桂林的温州蜜柑和沙糖桔均为叶片中的内生真菌的多样性高于枝条，而采自梧州的沙糖桔为叶片中的多样性低于枝条，并且采自梧州的柑橘样品与采自桂林的柑橘样品中的内生真菌相似性低。测定了.30 株内生真菌乙酸乙酯提取物对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑制活性，其中.29 株菌株表现出不同程度抑制活性。不同柑橘品种中的优势属的.MIC 介于.0.312 5~10 mg·mL-1，特有属的MIC 介于.0.156~5 mg·mL-1，共有属.Fusarium 的.MIC 介于.0.312 5~2.5 mg·mL-1。研究结果表明柑橘抗病品种中内生真菌具有丰富多样性，并且其发酵提取物普遍对柑橘溃疡病菌具有抑制作用。特有属抑菌活性总体优于优势属，共有属.Fusarium 在不同柑橘抗病品种中均具有显著抑菌效果。
Subjects: Biology >> Virology submitted time 2020-02-14
Abstract： Abstract: In 2019, the 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan (a city of China). In our previous study, the analytical results showed that both 2019-nCoV and SARS coronavirus belongs to Betacoronavirus subgroup B (BB coronavirus), but have large differences. The most important finding was that the alternative translation of Nankai CDS could produce more than 17 putative proteins, which may be responsible for the host adaption. The genotyping of 13 viruses using the 17 putative proteins revealed the high mutation rate and diversity of betacoronavirus. The present study for the first time reported a very important mutation in the Spike (S) proteins of BB coronavirus. By this mutation, 2019-nCoV acquired a cleavage site for furin enzyme, which is not present in the S proteins of all other BB coronavirus (e.g. SARS coronavirus) except the Mouse Hepatitis coronavirus (MHV). This mutation may increase the efficiency of virus infection into cells, making 2019-nCoV has significantly stronger transmissibility than SARS coronavirus. Because of this mutation, the packing mechanism of the 2019-nCoV may be changed to being more similar to those of MHV, HIV, Ebola virus (EBoV) and some avian influenza viruses, other than those of all other BB coronavirus (e.g. SARS coronavirus) except the Mouse Hepatitis coronavirus (MHV). In addition, we unexpectedly found that some avian influenza viruses acquired a cleavage site for furin enzyme by mutation as 2019-nCoV. Further studies of this mutation will help to reveal the stronger transmissibility of 2019-nCoV and lay foundations for vaccine development and drug design of, but not limited to 2019-nCoV.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
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