Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To study the chemical constituents from the n-BuOH part of the bark of Streblus ilicifolius, sixteen compounds were isolated and purified from the n-BuOH part of the bark of S. ilicifolius by means of various column chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative RP-HPLC. The structures of the isolates were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral data. The results were as follow: The compounds were identified as icariside E5 (1), secoisolariciresinol 9-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glycoside(3),9-O-β-glucopyranosyl trans-cinnamyl alcohol(4), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-apiofuranosyl-(1"→6´)-β-glucopyranoside(5),3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), 2,6-dimethoxy-4- hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), isotachioside(8), ficuscarpanoside A(9), uridine(10), methyl syringate 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(12), luteolin(13), ginsenoside Rg1(14), (+)-lyonirenisol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), myricetin 3-neohesperidoside (16). All compounds were isolated from plants of Streblus for the first time.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Two new tetraploids quillworts species, Iso雝es longpingii and I. xiangfei, from China are described and illustrated. I. longpingii is a fully submerged plant found in a small pond of Hunan Province. It is morphologically similar to I. sinensis, but differs in its small and tuberculate-cristate megaspores and soft slender leaves that grow up to 60 cm. It is also similar to hexaploid I. orientalis, but differs in its 44 chromosomes and tuberculate-cristate megaspores. I. xiangfei is most similar to diploid I. yunguiensis in megaspore ornamentation, but differs in its microspore ornamentation, oblong sporangium, and 44 chromosomes. There are a few individuals of I. longpingii found in Ningxiang County of Hunan Province, and I. xiangfei is distributed in the wetlands of Tongdao and Huitong counties of Hunan Province. Because of their limited geographic range, small populations, fewer individuals and disturbed habitats, I. longpingii and I. xiangfei are ecaluated as critically endangered (CR) and vulnerable (VU) category, respectively, according to the IUCN Red List criteria. A key to all the current known Chinese quillworts is also provided for further taxonomic identification and conservation of these rare and endangered plants in China.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Corydalis saxicola Bunting which belongs to the family of Papaveraceae, is always used to treat various diseases such as hepatitis B, cirrhosis, furuncle, acute icteric hepatitis, and advanced cancer as traditional Zhuang medicine in Guangxi province. To study the anti-inflammatory activity of the chemical constituents of Corydalis saxicola, silica gel column chromatography, MCI column chromatography, SephadexLH-20 column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography were used to separate the chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate fraction of 95% ethanol extract of C. saxicola. Their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrum (HR-MS). In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity was based on the mouse macrophage RAW264.7 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that 13 chemical compounds were isolated and identified as coptisine (1), berberine hydrochloride (2), crinumaquine (3), worenine (4), dehydrocavidine (5), (−)-tetrahydropalmatine (6), jatrorrhizine (7), corydaldine (8), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (9), dibutylterephthalate (10), kaempferol (11), isololiolide (12), loliolide (13) respectively. Compounds 3, 4, 8-13 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 4, 9 and 11 showed good inhibitory effects on LPS induced NO production by macrophage RAW264.7 with IC50 values of (18.8 ± 0.2), (29.1 ± 0.3) and (18.0 ± 0.1) μmol·L-1 respectively, which is better than the positive control Indomethacin, exhibited good potential in the research and development of anti-inflammatory drugs. These results could clarify the anti-inflammatory material basis of C. saxicola, and provide a scientific theoretical basis for its further utilization.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Baiku Yao people like to eat local black pigs, and they are very good at collecting and managing forage plants. This study aims to make an ethnobotanical inventory of forage plants and their related native knowledge in the Baiku Yao area, provide data support for the preservation of their traditional knowledge, and provide ideas for the development of modern new types of forage. From 2019 to 2021, we went to the local area for ethnobotanical investigation of forage plants, using key formant interviews, semi-structured interviews, and group discussions. Additionally, we have screened out the forage plants with high comprehensive utilization value according to scoring and ranking and their utilization frequency. The results are as follows: (1) 104 forage plant species are recorded, belonging to 85 genera and 42 families. The family with the most cited species is Asteraceae (16 species, accounting for 15.38% of the total species), followed by Urticaceae (13 species, accounting for 12.5% of the total species). (2) Branches and leaves (56.73%), whole plant (26.92%) and leaves (8.65%) are the main utilization parts of local forage plants, accounting for 92.3% of the recorded plants. Most forage plants are herbaceous plants (88.46%). There are adequate forage plants that can be collected to feed pigs in almost all seasons. Chopping, crushing, and cooking feed plants are the main preparation methods of pig feed. (3) The most frequently cited local species are Zea mays, Broussonetia papyrifera, Ipomoea batatas, Morus alba, Fagopyrum dibotrys, and Oryza sativa. (4) The local forage plants with high comprehensive evaluation are Broussonetia papyrifera, Ipomoea batatas, Morus alba, Fagopyrum dibotrys, and Cucurbita moschata. The local people have rich traditional knowledge about the use and management of forage plants for swine, which are very scientific and well preserved, and the related forage plant resources are also worthy of further development and promotion.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) is closely related to plant resilience, protects plant cells, reduces plant damage under drought stress, and is widely present in organisms. LEA proteins are less studied in ferns, and Selaginella pulvinata is a fern with the ability to survive drought stress, and it is a fern with a strong recovery ability under drought stress. To investigate the molecular mechanisms and expression characteristics of the SpLEA1 gene in drought-tolerant plants, this study used the highly drought-tolerant plant S. pulvinata as experimental material and obtained the cDNA sequence of the SpLEA1 gene by RT-PCR based on the transcriptome sequencing results. The promoter sequence was obtained by the HiTail-PCR technique, and the sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of the SpLEA1 gene under drought stress. The results were as follows: (1) The length of SpLEA1 was 476 bp, the open reading frame (ORF) was 279 bp, and it encoded 92 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight of the protein was 9 491.46 Da, and the isoelectric point was 5.45. The predicted protein structure analysis showed that the protein was hydrophilic. The protein contained 10 phosphorylation sites, of which 6 serine, 3 tyrosine, and 1 threonine, respectively, and the predicted secondary and tertiary structures showed that the protein was mainly composed of α-helix and random coil. (2) The conserved structural domain of the SpLEA1 protein was predicted to be Lea-5, derived from the LEA1 family. Based on the phylogenetic tree and genetic distanced matrix, the SpLEA1 was found to have high homology with Lea-5 protein from Cicer arietinum and Trifolium pratense . (3) Predictive analysis of cis-acting elements in promoter sequenced using online tools revealed that the SpLEA1 gene promoter contained five classes of hormone response elements and functional elements related to the drought stress response. The SpLEA1 gene was hypothesized to have multiple functions in the plant body and was closely related to drought stress response mechanisms. (4) SpLEA1 gene expression was up-regulated under natural dehydration treatment and peaked at 12 h. After rehydration treatment at 24 h, expression was significantly down-regulated. In summary, the SpLEA1 gene is likely to be involved in the regulation of drought stress response mechanisms in matted curly cypress. This result lays the foundation for further studies on the function of the matted cypress SpLEA1 gene under drought stress and its expression regulation mechanism.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Plant taxonomy is an ancient science and its development has also been profoundly affected by social changes. The development history of plant taxonomy in China is briefly reviewed and summarized here. According to the people’s understanding of plant taxonomy and major historical events, the development history of plant taxonomy in China can be roughly divided into the primitive stage, the ancient stage, the modern stage, and the contemporary stage. Each stage ais briefly described. Plant specimens are the most basic and important voucher material for plant taxonomy. Therefore, the collection of plant specimens has witnessed the blood, sweat, tears, and even the lives of plant collectors, during the development of plant taxonomic research in China. At present, the protection of plant resources and the collection and preservation of germplasm resources are increasingly becoming the main task of the ecological civilization construction in China. Under the circumstance of biodiversity conservation in this new era, plant taxonomy and taxonomists will play a much important role and provide strong support for biodiversity conservation in China.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Hibiscus mutabilis is native to China with a long cultivation history, and is an ancient garden tree species and medicinal plant. In this study, we selected three cultivars of H. mutaibilis in a hybrid combination (H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen) to investigate evolutionary characteristics between the cultivars of Hibiscus and its related species, and clarify the phylogenetic relationship between the cultivars of Hibiscus and with its related species, as well as explore the genetic model of cp DNA of H. mutaibilis at the same time. We first sequenced the three cultivars of H. mutaibilis using Illumina NovaSeq. After assembly and annotation, three complete chloroplast genome sequences were obtained. The cp DNA of the related species H. taiwanensis from our group, and H. syricus and H. rosa-sinensis from the gene bank. Then we carried out comparative analysis on composition and structure of cp DNA of 4 species of Hibiscus and 3 cultivars of H. mutabilis, and completed its phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The results were as follows: (1) Total size of chloroplast genomes of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen was 160 880, 160 879, 160 920 bp, respectively, and the total gene number was 130, including 85 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNAs, and 37 transfer RNAs. (2) The comparative analyses showed that the cp DNA of three cultivars of H. mutabilis and the related species H. taiwanensis were highly conserved, and the inverted repeat regions (IR) were all 26 300 bp; H. rosa-sinensis and H. syriacus shrank to at 25 745 and 25 598 bp, respectively. (3) The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three cultivars were planted into a monophyletic branch, and then together with H. taiwanensis into a high support branch, indicating that H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis had the closest relationship; Compared with H. syriacus and H. rosa-sinensis, H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis were more closely related to H. hamabo, H. tiliaceum and H. canabinus. (4) Three cultivars of H. mutabilis could be distinguished by chloroplast genome sequence, the length of LSC/SSC of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen were 89 355 bp/18 925 bp, 89 353 bp/18 926 bp, 89 400 bp/18 920 bp, respectively. And candidate molecular markers and DNA barcodes had been developed from repeat sequence and nucleotide diversity analyses, which could be used as a tool for cultivars identification. (5) The chloroplast genomes of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai and H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong showed a minimum difference and had the closest phylogenetic relationship. According to the relationship between their female and offspring, the maternal genetic characteristics of the chloroplast genome of Hibiscus were proved. This study will help us to understand the evolutionary characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of chloroplast genomes of three cultivars of H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis, and provide basic data on chloroplast genome for accurate identification of the cultivars of H. mutabilis and breeding of excellent cultivars.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Ferula sinkiangensis is a perennial herb, producing fruits only once through its’ life history, and exclusively habitated in Xinjiang province being in the list of state rare and endangered plants level 2. Besides andromonoecy, usually found in Umbelliferae, plants of male sterile were observed in their populations. Aimed to male sterility and the factors inducing it, comparative observation on morphology of male sterile individuals and functional female flowers were executed through field investigation, and study on cytology of the process of the anther degeneration in female flowers were made from paraffin sections. The results were as follows: (1) Female plants germinated at the end of March and blossomed in the middle of April, and their fruits matured at the end of May; Phenological phases of them are as same as those of andromonoecy. (2) The average height, width, and number of the first level branch of female individuals were 71.00±10.92 cm, 71.67±17.64 cm, and 23.83±2.04, separately; The average length and width of basal leaves were 33.41±11.63 cm and 24.47±8.60 cm; The female and the andromonoecy were the same in size of both the plant and the leaf. (3) On female plants, inflorescences on second level branches are all female, which can bear fruits wholly; The number of umbels (13.22±4.70) and of flowers in the umbel (12.03±2.30) and in the inflorescence (159.08) are higher than those in individuals of andromonoecy;Female plants produced more flowers which could set fruits and bore out-crossing seeds of heterosis. (4) In female umbels flowers located tightly and the distance among flowers was shorter than that in both hermaphrodite and male umbels; Female flowers opened slightly in the whole flowering stage, while petals of both hermaphrodite and male flowers folded reversely. (5) No significance in morphological characteristics of petals and pistils among different sexual flowers. But the length (1.79±0.39 mm) and width (1.10±0.21 mm) of petals, and the length of stamens (0.6-1.3 mm) in the functional female flower were the smallest, where anthers degenerated and no pollen stain well developed. (6) Abnormal development of the anther on the degenerated stamen appeared in both of parietal cells and male gametophytes from sporogenous cell stage to microspore tetrad stage. In conclusion, the nutrients productivity in plants of male sterile was similar as andromonoecy, but patterns of resource distribution were quite different; there were significant differences between female and hermaphrodite/male flowers in both the morphology and the function; abnormal development of parietal cells, especially because of the lack of tapetum, caused abortion of microspores in the functional female flower.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Phenological changes caused by global warming have already impacted global biodiversity and ecosystems. Compared to temperate and boreal zones, subtropical phenology has been studied relatively less. It remains largely unknown that how autumn phenology response to climate change and how the responses vary among different functional groups. In order to investigate the spring and autumn phenological responses of subtropical plants to climate change and whether the responses vary in different functional groups, an 20-year observational phenological datasets for 25 woody species in Changsha, Hunan Province was used, and based on the AIC information standard, the best temperature and precipitation models of each species were selected. Wilcoxon test was applied to analyze the consistency of species’ responses to temperature for different functional groups. The results showed that (1) Leaf-out time and flowering time were significantly responded to temperature for most species by advancing their leaf-out time and flowering time on average 3.76 d/°C and 6.53 d/°C, respectively. Leaf-coloration and defoliation time were significantly responded to temperature for parts of the species by delaying on average, 16.66 d/°C and 3.50 d/°C, respectively. (2) Only part of the species showed significant response to precipitation in spring（leaf-out phenology: 60%; flowering phenology: 35%）and autumn (leaf-coloring phenology: 25%; defoliation phenology: 13%). (3) There were no significant differences in response to temperature change among different functional groups, except species of different deciduousness showed a significant difference in response to temperature change. We concluded that the spring phenology of plants in the subtropics was significantly advanced and the autumn phenology was significantly delayed and different functional groups converge on their response to climate change.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： SPL transcription factors are widely involved in plant growth and development, stress response and so on. At present, there is no study on the the STM (SPL with transmembrane motif) transcription factor in D. officinale.. In order to explore the role of STM in the growth, development and stress response of D. officinale, four STM transcription factors were identified at the whole genome of D. officinale, and the members of DoSTM gene family were bioinformatics analyzed. The expression of DoSTM in different tissue parts and different stress treatments were studied by reverse transcription PCR. The results were as follows: (1)DoSTM1-4 were hydrophilic proteins with SBP conserved domains and some hormone response sites. (2)Four DoSTM were expressed in roots, stems and leaves, and the relative expression of DoSTM2 was the lowest in leaves; There was no significant differences in the relative expression level of DoSTM1/3/4. (3)The relative expression level of DoSTM1-4 changed significantly under low temperature, hightemperature and drought stress, and the expression of DoSTM1/3/4 decreased most significantly. Therefore, it is speculated that DoSTM is related to hormone response, temperature change response and drought resistance in plants. These conclusions lay a foundation for further research on STM transcription factor of D. officinale.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To investigate the effects of different biochar applications on soil enzyme activity in Eucalyptus plantation forests in North Guangxi, and provide theoretical references for the rational application of biochar to Eucalyptus plantations. Based on field experiments, biochar was prepared anaerobically at 500 ℃ from branches of Eucalyptus plantation harvesting residues, and with 6 treatment group, such as 0 (CK), 0. 5% (T1), 1% (T2), 2% (T3), 4% (T4), and 6% (T5) , to analyze the changes in soil enzyme activities under different application rates after one year importation. The results were as follow: (1) The soil enzyme content decreased gradually as the soil layer deepened. (2) In the same soil layer, the contents of catalase, urease, dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase increased with the increase of biochar application, and the highest contents were found at 6% of biochar application. (3) With the increase of biochar application, the contents of acid phosphatase, sucrase, leucine aminopeptidase and cellobioglucosidase showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. Acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase had the highest contents at 2% of biochar application. Sucrase and cellobioglucosidase had the highest contents at 4% of biochar application. In general, the biochar application increased the soil enzyme activities of Eucalyptus plantations. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the application of forestry waste biochar in Eucalyptus plantations.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Dwarf mutation is the most common phenotypic variation in bananas reproduce asexually, but its regulation mechanism has not been studied clearly. Endogenous gibberellin is one of the important hormones affecting plant height, and GA3-oxidase is the key enzyme in the late biosynthesis of gibberellin. In order to investigate the molecular regulation mechanism of GA3-oxidase encoding gene on banana dwarfing, the full-length cDNA sequences of GA3ox gene from Williams B6 dwarfing mutant and it’s wild type parent were cloned by RT-PCR, and their presumed amino acid sequence were analyzed. Meanwhile, the expression level of the GA3ox gene in different tissues of dwarfed banana and its wild type were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results were as follows: (1) The ORF lengths of the dwarf banana GA3ox-A and the wild type GA3ox-G both were 864 bp, and their predicted encoding amino acid sequences were 287 aa. The comparison of the two amino acid sequences showed that there were five differences, thus generating predictive proteins with different properties. (2) Amino acid sequence homology analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of dwarf banana GA3ox had the highest homology with oil palm, date palm and coconut. (3) The qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of GA3ox in dwarf banana leaves and stems were lower than that of wild type. The expression level of GA3ox in wild type stems were 2.2-32 times higher than that in dwarf plants. Therefore, these results illustrated that GA3ox gene may play an important role in regulating the dwarfing variation of banana stem.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To evaluate the differences from 3 different regions by chemometrics and principal component content determinations, we established HPLC fingerprints of Aconiti Radix and its processed product, which provided a scientific basis for the quality control of Aconiti Radix from different regions before and after processing. The HPLC method was established on a Waters SunFire C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm). Acetonitrile-glacial acetic acid (0.2%) solution (triethylamine adjusted pH to 6.20) was adopted as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL·min-1, and with the detection wavelength of 235 nm. The fingerprints wereanalyzed by the software of “Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine”. The discriminant analysis of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed, and combined with chemometrics and the determination results of principal components. The results were as follows: (1) HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of Aconiti Radix and its processed product from 3 areas were established, 25 and 14 common fingerprint peaks were calibrated in 15 batches of raw and processed, 6 peaks were identified by the mixed reference product. They were benzoylmesaconitine (peak 16), benzoylaconitine (peak 17), benzoylhypaconitine (peak 18), mesaconitine (peak 21), hypaconitine (peak 22), aconitine (peak 23). (2) Chemometrics showed that 30 batches of samples were clustered into two categories, 15 batches of raw products were classified into 3 classes, 15 batches of processed products were classified into 3 classes. Six components containing mesaconitine and hypaconitine may be the markers of the quality difference between them. (3) The content determination results of principal components changed in varying degrees before and after processing, and the determination results of some principal components in Sichuan Jiangyou producing area before and after processing were significantly higher than those in the other two producing areas. The fingerprint method which established in the study is accurate, repeatable, and reliable. Furthermore, combined with chemical pattern recognition, it could be used for the quality control of Aconiti Radix and its processed product from different regions.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： This study reported a macrofungus specimen with special morphology collected from Liancheng National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province. Morphological characteristics observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences were performed. The results showed that the specimen was Carcinomyces polyporina, belonging to Basidiomycota, Tremellomycetes, Tremellales, Carcinomycetacea, wihch represents a newly recorded genus and species in China, and was the first report of this genus in East Asia. Carcinomyces polyporina was characterized by parasitism on polypores fruitbody, forming colloidal mycocecidium, basidia with longitudinally septate, and conidia commonly gemmated from basidiospores. The specimen was deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptoflora, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HKAS 115765).
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore the effects of land use and ecological restoration on soil enzyme activities and C:N:P ratios in the karst ecosystem, three land use types [disturbed land, pasture grassland, and orchard forest (Loquat)] and four restoration types (evergreen forest, deciduous forest, evergreen-deciduous mixed forest, and natural restoration forest), which are long-term positioning observation experimental plots of the Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, were selected. We measured the activities of four soil enzymes [β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], and analyzed the relationship between activities level and the C:N:P ratios and soil-associated physical and chemical factors. The results were as follows: (1) Enzyme activities were higher in the three land use types than in the restoration types. In addition, the activities of the four enzymes, enzymatic N:P, and enzymatic C:P of pasture grassland were higher than those in the other restoration types. The βG and ALP activities in the evergreen-deciduous mixed and deciduous forests were significantly higher than those in the natural restoration and evergreen forest, and NAG activity in the evergreen forest was significantly higher than that in the other three restoration types. The enzymatic N:P ratios of the evergreen-deciduous mixed forests were significantly lower than those in the other restoration types, as was the enzymatic C:P ratio of the deciduous forest. In addition, vector analysis of the enzyme activity measurement ratio showed that all land use and restoration types were limited by P. (2) The activities of the four enzymes were positively correlated with organic C, ammonia N (NH4+-N), and nitrate N (NO3--N), whereas negatively correlated with total P (TP). βG activity was positively correlated with available P (AP) and ALP activity was positively correlated with total N (TN). (3) Redundancy analysis showed that the levels of TP, NH4+-N, NO3--N, and AP explained 38.3%, 9.5%, 9.3%, and 8.0%, respectively, of the changes in soil enzyme activity and C:N:P ratios. Based on these results, the different land use and restoration types in karst areas were shown to generally exist under the limitation of soil P, which implies that the fixation and transformation of P should be the focus of soil quality improvement in the land use development and restoration process. Furthermore, soil enzyme activities, C:P ratios, and AP contents in pasture grassland, evergreen-deciduous mixed forest, and deciduous forest were higher than those in the other land use and restoration types. The result indicates that forage and deciduous plants are important for soil nutrient cycling and should be considered in the process of karst land use and restoration.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Keteleeria calcarea is a precious tree species in the mid-subtropical karst area, this species has a narrow distribution range and very few seedlings in wild populations, which severely limits the natural renewal of the population. In order to explore the causes for the endangerment of this species and provide reference for its protection and utilization, the cones and seeds morphological characteris-tics of K. calcarea were measured, and the effects of temperatures, light conditions, soil water con-tents, substrates, storage temperatures and time, and different geographical provenances on seed ger-mination were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The average seed setting rate of K. calcarea cone was 7.45%±6.54%, the seed wing length was 2.27±0.32 cm, the average seed length was 1.55±0.15 cm (excluding seed wing), the average width was 0.62±0.05 cm, the average thickness was 0.46±0.04 cm, and the average 1 000-seed weight was 214.81±14.76 g, the average water content of dried seeds was 15.28%±1.66%. (2) The optimum temperature for seed germination was 25 ℃, and the germination rate decreased significantly at 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ (P<0.05); Seed germination did not need light, but the germination rate under periodic light was significantly higher than that under con-tinuous light and continuous darkness (P<0.05); The seeds could germinate under the conditions of 10%-30% soil water contents, and could withstand a certain degree of drought; Peat soil and perlite with loose texture and good air permeability were suitable for germination; The seeds were not re-sistant to storage and should be sown in time after collection; The seed germination rate of Sanjiang population in Gongcheng County was the highest among the three geographical provenances. The seed setting rate of K. calcarea cone was low, the seed germination was strict with temperature, and the seed was easy to lose vigor, which may be an important reason for its endangerment.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Marine plants and their associated microorganisms can produce many secondary metabolites with novel structures and unique activities. The Beibu Gulf is rich in marine plant species resources. According to statistics, there are 43 species of marine plants in 3 phyla. This paper reviews the research progress of the secondary metabolites of marine plants and their co-epiphytic microorganisms in the Beibu Gulf since 2002. 59 new compounds and 35 known active compounds were obtained from 11 species of mangrove plants and 7 species of associated microorganisms, and 3 new compound and 7 known active compounds were obtained from 3 species of seagrass plants. 25 new compounds and 8 known active compounds were obtained from 6 species of algae plants and 1 species of symphytic microorganisms, which mainly involved terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids and sterols, most of which had good anti-bacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and enhancing the body immunity. Further research suggestions are put forward. The review provide reference for further study and utilization of marine plants and their associated microorganisms in Beibu Gulf.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Widely distributed in southwest China, Derris Lour. has a promising development and utilization value as raw material source of biopesticide rotenone. In order to explore germplasm resources with high rotenone content and excellent agronomic traits, promote the cultivation of Derris and the development of rotenone industry, we collected 14 Derris species and measured their rotenone content through a resource survey in south China and Vietnam, focused on seedling breeding and artificial cultivation technology for two high-rotenone content Derris species. The results were as follows: （1）All 14 Derris species could be successfully grown in Guilin, and the high-rotenone content Derris species including Derris elliptica and Derris montana were selected for further research; （2）Both of the cutting survival rate of the two Derris plants reached more than 95%; the rotenone was mainly concentrated in plants root, rotenone content of thick roots was higher than that of thin roots, rotenone content in the xylem was higher than that in the phloem; （ 3 ） the highest rotenone content reached 14.12% for D. elliptica and 6.75% for D. montana, rotenone content of the two Derris plants were fluctuated with the seasons, rised rapidly from the sprouting period of the plants in spring and maintained at high levels thereafter. All these results showed that D. elliptica has high exploitation value, D. montana with more rapidly growth and higher yield compared with D. elliptica, also has high exploitation value.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to provide new data for clarification of the generic relationship in Hypoxidacae, morphology, ultrastructure, and anatomy of leaf from five species in Hypoxidaceae were investigated using microscope, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and paraffin section. It turned out that there were five points of views as below ： (1) Three types of leaf shapes were characterized, including small-even, middle-wave, and large-plicate. (2) Trichomes were single-celled and uniseriate, and grouped into pilose, strigose, and stellate. (3) Shapes of leaf epidermal cells were hexagon and pentagon, while stomata was paracytic and elliptic with a correlation between size and density. (4) Sculptures of wax in epidermis was classified into smooth, granular, scales, and crust. (5) Leaf anatomy revealed two types of vascular bundles and relevence between thickness of epidermis and size of epidermal cells. Based on comparative morphology and anatomy of leaf, it is suggested that complex of some characters would be helpful for understanding of generic relationships in Hypoxis L., Curculigo Gaertn. and Molineria Colla., while other characteristics for species identifications.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： As a traditional Dai medicine, “Dai-Bai-Jie” is a kind of antidote, and its source plant was firstly recorded as Dregea sinensis. Currently, the source plant has been corrected as Marsdenia tenacissima. In order to further clarify the source plants of “Dai-Bai-Jie”, we carried out an integrated analysis of the source plants of “Dai-Bai-Jie” and its related species in this study. Our key results were as follows: (1) Phylogenetic relationship of Marsdenia and other species of Marsdenieae using three DNA fragments (psbD-trnT, trnL-trnF, ITS) showed that all “Dai-Bai-Jie” samples were supported as monophyletic with the sample of M. tenacissima, and were sister to M. cavaleriei; (2) Comparative analyses of morphological characters with type specimen proved that morphological characters of the “Dai-Bai-Jie” samples were consistent with those of the type specimen of M. tenacissima and obviously different from those of M. cavaleriei. In this study, the source plant of “Dai-Bai-Jie” was identified as the species M. tenacissima. Meanwhile, it is easy to discriminate from M. cavaleriei in the leaf and floral characters. According to both morphological and molecular evidence, it has been confirmed that the source plant of “Dai-Bai-Jie” was M. tenacissima that can be used for rapid and accurate authentication of medicinal herbs in the market, and also benefit for the development and utilization of the “Dai-bai-jie” medicine in future.
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