Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2021-11-26 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： The Qaidam Basin is a key area for understanding the paleoenvironmental and faunal history of the Tibetan Plateau. The fossil schizothoracine fish, Hsianwenia wui, evolved extraordinarily thickened bones to adapt to the aridification of the Qaidam Basin during the Pliocene. However, the nature of the bone thickening itself remains elusive. To promote the further investigation of the physiological mechanism of the pachyostosis and the phylogenetic interrelationships of Hsianwenia and all relevant cyprinids, here we present a comprehensive morphological study of Hsianwenia. We have new information on the anterior part of the cranial cavity, a large supraneural 3 in the Weberian apparatus, numerous procurrent caudal fin rays supported by the preural centrum (Pu) 5, and a neural arch on Pu2. We also find the differentiated pattern of the bone-thickening: the pachyostosis exists in the endoskeleton but not in the dermal skeleton; it is more obvious in ventral bones than in dorsal ones, when the thickening is present in the dorsally and ventrally grouped endoskeletal bones (e.g., the epineural and epipleural intermuscular bones). Considering the integrity of musculoskeletal system manipulating the chewing activities, we suspect that the thickened pharyngeal jaws and the hard food processing might be associated with the unique hind protrusion (cleithral “humeral” process) of the dermal pectoral girdle of Hsianwenia.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2021-11-26 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： In 1958, a special type of dinosaur egg was discovered in Zhaotuan, Laiyang, Shandong Province, China. Although only a large eggshell fragment was collected, its extremely large thickness indicated that the eggshell fragment represented a new ootaxon. In previous studies, it was named Spheroolithus megadermus and assigned to the oogenus Spheroolithus under the oofamily of the Spheroolithidae based on the microstructure in radial view. However, a comparative study of the microstructure in tangential views between the large eggshell fragment from Laiyang and the recently reported Multifissoolithus from Zhejiang Province, China and Yamaguchi, Japan revealed that all of them have roughly paralleled and wavy clefts. Therefore, this study reassigned the large eggshell fragment from Laiyang to Multifissoolithus of the Dongyangoolithidae and discussed its unique compact layer near the eggshell’s inner surface, as well as the chronological and spatial distribution of dongyangoolithid eggs. The reassignment of the holotype of Spheroolithus megadermus also indicates that the referred specimen of Spheroolithus megadermus from Changtu, Liaoning Province becomes the holotype of a new oospecies Spheroolithus quantouensis.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2021-11-26 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： The aardwolf Proteles cristatus is the only known hyaenid, living or extinct, to exhibit an extremely reduced dentition related to its termite-specializing diet. The fossil record of extant aardwolves extends to 2 to 4 million years ago, but records that inform its evolutionary origins are essentially nonexistent. Such circumstance renders it difficult to place this unusual hyena in the broader evolutionary context of small-bodied hyaenid species in Eurasian Neogene deposits. Here we describe a new genus and species of a small-bodied hyaenid, Gansuyaena megalotis, representing the closest morphological link to aardwolves to date. This new fossil hyena is based on a skull with associated mandible, a rostrum preserving several teeth, and several referred specimens. The new specimens were discovered in Neogene deposits in Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that among early hyaenids, G. megalotis is most closely related, but unlikely ancestral, to the living aardwolf. Also recognized in this new species are the fossils previously referred to “Protictitherium” aff. P. gaillardi from Pasalar, Turkey. Additionally, “Plioviverrops” guerini from Los Mansuetos, Spain is interpreted to represent a second Gansuyaena species. In addition to the living aardwolf, Proteles cristatus, our analyses suggest that the proteline lineage includes the extinct genera Gansuyaena, Mesoviverrops, and Plioviverrops. Although the precise timing and geographic location of evolutionary divergence between the aardwolf and Gansuyaena remain elusive, critical new morphological information provided by Gansuyaena specimens reinforce findings from recent genomic analyses that the aardwolf lineage has an ancient origin from small-bodied stem hyaenids prior to the appearance of large and robust bone-cracking hyaenines.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The simple-leaved taxa of Sorbus in China (24 species) include Sorbus sect. Aria and Sorbus sect. Micromeles. Some taxonomists divided it into two genera (Aria and Micromeles) or merged into one genus (Aria). Because of the high similarity of inflorescence and fruit, the taxonomic status has been controversial. However, the taxonomic value of leaf venation characteristics of simple-leaved taxa of Sorbus was still unclear. Therefore, 13 species of sect. Micromeles and 7 species of sect. Aria in China were investigated in this study. Cleaning specimen preparation was adopted for the leaf venation characteristics were observation. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out, based on leaf venation characteristics mainly and partial leaf characters. The results were as follows: (1) The simple-leaved taxa of Sorbus have identical vein framework, the veins of all samples were pinnate, the present condition of areolation was moderate developed, the frequency of intersecondary was less than one per intercostal in all species. (2) There were some differences among different species in major secondary vein framework and numbers, present minor secondary veins or not, major secondary angle to midvein, intercostal tertiary vein fabric, branches of freely ending veinlets, leaf teeth type, laminar size, etc. (3) There were great similarities and multiple venation characteristics crossed between the sect. Aria and sect. Micromeles. For example, major secondary vein framework, laminar size, branching of freely ending veinlets etc. The result of systematic clustering based on leaf venation characteristics did not support the division of the sect. Aria and the sect. Micromeles. The results showed that the leaf venation characteristics could not be used as the evidence to divide the sect. Aria and the sect. Micromeles into two groups. However, the leaf venation characteristics could be used as the evidence for classification of some simple-leaved taxa of Sorbus.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To study the anti-inflammatory constituents of Clerodendranthus spicatus. With the aid of activity tracing, the compounds were isolated from the anti-inflammatory active fractions of C. spicatus through various separation methods including column chromatography on silica gel, MCI and HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by analyzing their spectra data and comparing with published literatures. The inflammatory cell model, built by LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells, was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects. The results were as follows: (1)Ten compounds were obtained from anti-inflammatory active fractions and their structures were identified as paulownin (1), salvigenin (2), bis-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (3), N-(N-benzoy-L-phenylalany)-L-phenylalanol (4), fragransin B1 (5), 6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (6), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (7), N-cis-feruloyltyramine (8), trans-N-cinnamoyltyramine (9), neoechinulin A (10), respectively. Compounds 1, 4, 8-10 were obtained from this plant for the first time. (2)The anti-inflammatory test results showed that the anti-inflammatory constituents of C. spicatus mainly existed in the mid-low polarity extract. Most of compounds showed different inhibition effects on NO production. Among of them, amides (7-9) also showed anti-inflammatory effects, indicated they were one of main anti-inflammatory constituents of C. spicatus. The study enrich the material basis of anti-inflammatory of C. spicatus, and also provide a scientific basis for its development and utilization.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Stephania kwangsiensis, a vine plant of the Stephaniaceae family, is mainly spread in Guangxi, China. The roots of S. kwangsiensis, “Jin Bu Huan” in Chinese, is often used for sedative, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, anti-bacterial, as well as for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In order to make full use of the title plant resources, clarify its chemical components, and find the relevant active compounds, the methanol extracts of non-medicinal parts of this plant was isolated using various chromatographic methods such as positive phase Sephadex LH-20, positive phase silica gel, positive phase polyamide, and MCI gel CHP 20P. The structures of the isolated components were determined by MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and other spectroscopic data analysis, as well as comparison with relevant literatures. The activities of the isolated compounds from S. kwangsiensis against bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and fungi (Fusarium oxysporum) were evaluated using filter paper method. The results were as follows: (1) 10 compounds obtained from the non-medicinal parts of this plant were identified as vomifoliol (1), grasshopper ketone (2), isocorydine(3),2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabinitol(4),(9S,12S,13S)-trihydroxyoctadeca-(10E,15Z)-dienoic acid (5), magnoflorine (6), corchoionoside C (7), tormentic acid (8), corydine (9), and crebanine (10). Among of them, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 were firstly obtained from this genus plants. And compound 4 was found from natural products for the first time. (2) At concentration of 6 mg·mL-1, Compounds 1, 2 and 5 show weak antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli; Compound 2 exhibits weak antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus; Compounds 3 and 8 display weak antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis. The non-medicinal parts of Stephania kwangsiensis contains large numbers of active components and have the potential of development and utilization.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： WD40, as a transcription factor family, is widely involved in regulating plant growth, development, secondary metabolite accumulation and environmental adaptation. In order to explore the role of the WD40 family in the growth, development, secondary metabolite accumulation and tolerance, all the WD40 genes of Meconopsis horridula were identified in this study based on the full-length transcriptome sequencing data and conducted bioinformatics analysis of these genes and their encoded proteins. The results were as follows: A total of 19 WD40 genes were identified, and all the proteins included typical WD40 domain, the amino acid numbers and molecular weight of the protein encoded by WD40 genes were 109-758 and 11 830-84 130 kDa, respectively, and most of the proteins localized in the nucleus, and all proteins belonged to hydrophilic protein; Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that WD40 proteins of M. horridula were closely to Papaver somniferum and Macleaya cordata; The promoter region of WD40 gene contained different amounts of hormones or stress-response elements, suggesting that this family genes may be involved in the regulation of various biological processes, such as growth, development and secondary metabolite accumulation; The tertiary structure of WD40 proteins showed that these proteins evolved in different degrees during the evolutionary process. These results can provide a preliminary basis for further research on the specific mechanism of WD40 gene family in response to stress and secondary metabolite accumulation.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Type specimen is the original specimen from which a new species description is created, and is very important to stabilize the scientific name of the species. Corydalis DC. (tribe Corydaleae, subfamily Fumarioideae, Papaveraceae) was recognized as one of the largest and most taxonomically challenging genera in the world. In this study, the species list of Corydalis from China (526 species) was firstly obtained. Of them, a total of 1 894 type specimens from 395 species were obtained by searching the JSTOR, GBIF and CVH databases. Then some key information, such as the resource type, herbarium, collector, type locality and collection date, were retrieved and analyzed. Our results showed that there are about five type specimens of Corydalis in average. These specimens were preserved in the 80 herbaria of abroad, and more than 85% of them were collected by foreign collectors. In the future, we should further focus on the normalized arrangement and the procedure of digitization of type specimens of Corydalis.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Mangrove habitat is rich in microfloras and its secondary metabolites have novel structure, which is an important source for mining new drugs. This study preliminarily evaluated the culturable bacterial diversity of sediments, roots, leaves and hypocotyl of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and the biological activity of bacterial metabolites, and looked for anti-HBV drug source strains. Pure culture technique and 16S rRNA molecular biology technique were employed to determine the species of bacteria and analyze the species diversity. Using HepG2.2.15 cell line as a model, the anti-HBV activity of bacterial metabolites was tested by MTT and PCR techniques. The secondary metabolites of active bacteria were preliminary analyzed by LC-HRMS. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 59 species of bacteria were obtained, which belonging to 4 phyla, 5 classes, 14 orders, 23 families, and 36 genera, among which Bacillus was the dominant genus. Strains GXIMD07402, GXIMD07665 and GXIMD07384 are potential new species of Pseudooceanicola, Thioclava, and Aestuariibaculum, respectively. (2) The results of anti-HBV activity showed that GXIMD07366, GXIMD07616, GXIMD07384, GXIMD07550 and GXIMD07445X could significantly reduce the level of HBV DNA in the supernatant of HepG2.2.15 cells, and the inhibition rates were 51%, 47%, 63%, 52%, and 47%. (3) Four main secondary metabolites of the highly active strain GXIMD07384 were identified as Adenosine, Cyclo(L-Pro-L-OMet), Acremine G, and 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine -2,4(1H,3H)-dione. The results of the study confirm that the species diversity of culturable bacteria in the habitat of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is rich and contains anti-HBV active strains, which provide a basis for the subsequent application of marine microbial resources.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to guide the rational fertilization of potted Hydrangea macrophylla, the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) at 4 levels (N, K2O: 0, 4, 8, 12 g plant-1; P2O5:0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 g·plan-1) on the growth and nutrient status of two-year-old potted H. macrophylla‘Hanatemari’ were investigated by the balanced fertilization design of “3414” method. The optimal fertilizer rate was determined by critical concentration method to provide evidence for rational fertilization of potted ‘Hanatemari’. The results were as follows: (1) N fertilization treatments, all of the seedling height, canopy diameter, plant growth index (PGI), aboveground and whole plant biomass of ‘Hanatemari’ increased with the increasing of N fertilizer application rate, while these parameters did not change significantly or slightly decreased as the N fertilizer rate exceeded level 2. (2) Low level of P (P1) and K (K1) were beneficial to the biomass accumulation of ‘Hanatemari’. (3) The nutrient contents in leaves and stems of ‘Hanatemari’ increased with the increasing of N, P and K fertilizer rates. However, the contents of K in roots did not change significantly with the increasing of K fertilizer levels, and there was no significant differences from the control. (4) According to the critical concentration method, the suitable contents of N in ‘Hanatemari’ leaves ranged from 35.31 to 46.64 g·kg-1, and for P ranged from1.88 to 2.28 g·kg-1. Considering nutrient content, PGI and production cost, the optimal fertilizerrates of N, P and K were N2 (8 g N·plant-1), P1 (1.5 g P2O5·plant-1) and K1 (4 g K2O·plant-1),respectively.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Nine species of angiosperms are reported as new records from Guangxi, China. They are Machilus cicatricosa S. Lee, Portulaca quadrifida L., Pisonia aculeata L., Helicia yangchunensis H. S. Kiu, Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., Jasminum rehderianum Kobuski, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., Zeuxine ovalifolia L. Li & S. J. Li and Mariscus javanicus Houtt. Detailed morphological description and field photos were provided, and the citation and geographical distribution of each species are also listed in this paper.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Magnolia hypolampra is a precious broad-leaved tree species in China, which is of great value in terms of wood, fragrance and landscape. In order to further cultivate excellent seedlings and develop and utilize the non-woody resources, the seedlings of M. hypolampra were placed under eight light conditions with the same light intensity, which were composed by two photoperiods (12, 16 h穌-1) and four light qualities (R: B=8:1, R: B=6:1, R: B: P: G =8:1:1:1, R: B: P: G =6:1:1:1, R, B, P and G respectively represent red light, blue light, purple light and green light). The results were as follows: (1)The growth of seedling height and ground diameter, leaf aspect ratio, maximum net photosynthetic rate, dark respiration rate and light compensation point reached the maximum values under the light quality R: B =6:1 with a photoperiod of 12 h穌-1, while the leaf area and chlorophyll content were the highest under the light quality R: B: P: G =6:1:1:1 with a photoperiod of 16 h穌-1. (2) Compared to the treatment of photoperiod 12 h穌-1, the indicators in growth of seedling height, leaf area, quality index, chlorophyll a+b, chlorophyll a/b ratio, carotenoid content and light saturation point showed higher under photoperiod 16 h穌-1. (3)The addition of purple and green light into the red-blue light combination increased the quality index of seedlings and positively affected the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments. (4) Compared with the 8:1 of red-blue light ratio, the 6:1 had more potential to promote the growth of seedling height, ground diameter and leaf and improve the photosynthesis of M. hypolampra seedlings. In conclusion, the light quality R: B: P: G =6:1:1:1 with a photoperiod of 16 h穌-1 demonstrated the higher possibility to promote the growth and photosynthesis of M. hypolampra seedlings, followed by the light quality R: B=6:1 with a photoperiod of 12 h穌-1.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Spraying the foliar nutrition of calcium and magnesium on ‘Feizixiao’ litchi was explored for the effect of malic acid accumulation to provide some theoretical reference and technical support for the actual production of litchi in China. During the period of ‘Feizixiao’ litchi fruit development, 0.3% magnesium chloride (Mg), 0.3% calcium chloride (Ca), their mixture (Ca+Mg) and clean water (CK) were sprayed on leaves. And contents of water-soluble calcium, water-soluble magnesium and malic acid and the activities of malic acid metabolism-related enzymes in fruit flesh were measured. The multivariate linear correlation analysis were also performed. The results were as follows: (1) The content of malic acid showed a L-shaped trend, Mg, Ca and Ca+Mg treatments might promote the accumulation of malic acid in the early stage of fruit growth and development, while Ca treatment might promote the accumulation of malic acid in the late stage. (2) The content of water-soluble calcium in the flesh showes increasing trend, and the content of water-soluble magnesium showes the trend like “M”. (3) The content of malic acid was positively correlated with the activity of NADP-ME in CK and Ca, and PEPC and NAD-MDH in Ca+Mg, while the content of malic acid was negatively correlated with the activity of PEPC and MS in CK. (4) The water-soluble calcium inhibited the activities of NAD-MDH and NADP-ME, while water-soluble magnesium inhibited the activities of NADP-MDH and MS. In conclusion, foliar spraying of calcium and magnesium can affect the contents of water-soluble calcium, magnesium and malic acid metabolism-related enzymes, and the linear correlation also changes. Different treatments can affect the accumulation of malic acid in pulp and cause the change of total acid content in pulp. Ca treatment may inhibit pulp respiration by accumulation of malic acid and then reducing the loss of sugar in pulp, which can be used as fertilizer technology in production.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to explore the effects of N deficiency and compensation of N nutrient on the growth and root morphology of banana. In this experiment, two main cultivars genome types (AAA and ABB) were used as materials, Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of new green leaves, fresh weight and dry matter of shoot and root, root length, root surface area and root volume were studied by using quartz sand matrix culture combined with N deficiency and compensation treatment. The results were as follows: (1)The plant height, leaf length, leaf width and the number of new green leaves decreased significantly, after 30 d N deficiency of varieties I and II, the dry matter of root system increased by 64.71% and 87.50%, and the ratio of root to shoot increased, the total root surface area and volume increased by 4.38% and 11.85%,71.78% and 66.55% respectively. (2)After 68 d N deficiency of varieties I and II, the dry matter of the whole plant decreased by 33.74% and 42.04%, and there was no significant differences between the conventional treatment and the conventional treatment. (3)After the deficiency, N supply was compensated, the symptom of N deficiency disappeared, and the plant growth index returned to normal level. The dry matter weight of the cultivars Ⅰ and the total root system increased by 51.22% and 52.38%, and the root-shoot ratio was significantly higher than that of the conventional treatments. Roots tended to grow in normal shape, and total root volume increased by 61.80% and 45.92%, respectively. The root system volume increased significantly and the plant growth vigor was better when the N compensation was timely. In order to promote the growth of banana seedlings in the field, the method of deficiency compensation can be comprehensively used in the production.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To study the anti-inflammatory of chemical constituents from the rhizome of ethnomedicine Rosa roxbunghii. The chemical constituents of fresh R. roxbunghii rhizome were studied by phytochemical separation and purification technology, and their structures were identified through physicochemical properties and spectral data. The inflammatory model of RAW264.7 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro was established. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay, the release of inflammatory factor NO in the cell culture medium was detected by Griess method and the anti-inflammatory activity of each compound was evaluated through the kit. The results were as follows: (1)Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as kaji-ichigoside F1(1), rosamultin(2), euscaphicacid(3),β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2a→1b)-2a-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2b→1c)-2b-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2c→1d)-2c-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2d→1e)-2d-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-(2e→1f)-2e-O-β-L-arabinopyranoside(4),catechin(5), 3-O-methylellagic acid-4´-O-β-D-xylopyranoside(6), 3-O-methylellagic acid-4´-O-α-L- rhamnopyranoside (7), tormentic acid (8), betulinic acid (9), spinosic acid (10) , arjunic acid (11), β-Sitosterol (12), β-Daucosterol (13), α-tocopherol (14) and n-hexacosane (15). Compounds 4, 6 and 7 were isolated from R. roxbunghii for the first time. (2)The results of in vitro bioactivity showed that compounds 1-7 significantly inhibited LPS induced NO release from RAW264.7 in a dose-dependent manner; The IC50 were 25.07, 24.56, 17.65, 9.87, 16.67, 40.83 and 34.98 μmol·L-1, respectively (dexamethasone as positive control 22.46 μmol·L-1 ). Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1-7 were showed better, among which compounds 3, 4 and 5 were slightly better than dexamethasone. The results indicated that triterpenoids, ellagic acids, flavonoids and oligosaccharides from R. roxbunghii were the main effective components and verified its anti-inflammatory effect in folk application.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore whether the allelopathy of Metasequoia glyptostroboides litter is an obstacle to its natural regeneration, eight concentrations (200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 g·L-1 and CK) of aqueous extracts from fresh andnatural litter of M. glyptostroboides were set to analyze the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from different types and concentrations on seed germination and growth of M. glyptostroboides. The results were as follows: (1) The aqueous extract of the fresh M. glyptostroboides litter had no significant effect on seed germination rate and germination potential (P>0.05), but had significant effect on germination index (P<0.05), and seed germination was significantly inhibited by 1, 100, 200 g·L-1 treatments. The effects of aqueous extract of the natural M.glyptostroboides litter on three indexes of seed germination were not significant (P>0.05), but the inhibitory effect was reflected in 5, 10, 50, 200 g·L-1. (2) The shoot length, hypocotyl and primiary root length of M.glyptostroboides seeds were significantly different between different concentrations of fresh and natural litter aqueous extracts (P<0.05), and decreased gradually with the increase of aqueous extract concentration (≥10 g·L-1), especially in the range of 50~200 g·L-1. (3) Compared with seed germination, the aqueous extracts of fresh and natural M. glyptostroboides litter had stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of seeds after germination, and the allelopathic effect of fresh litter was stronger than that of natural litter. (4) The primary root length was the most sensitive to allelochemicals among seed germination and growth indexes. (5) The dynamic change of shoot length growth of M. glyptostroboides seeds accords with the “S” growth curve (R2≥0.988). The litter of M. glyptostroboides had a certain allelopathic inhibitory effect on its own seed germination and growth, which affected the natural regeneration of its population. It was suggested that the litter under the forest should be properly cleaned to promote the natural renewal of the M. glyptostroboides population in the management of M. glyptostroboides populations.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of leaf functional traits of plants in karst rocky desertification areas, and to be able to reveal their adaptation mechanism to rocky desertification environment, this study reveals the effects of soil nutrients on leaf structure and photosynthetic traits in Juglans sigillata from the karstic plateau canyon areas of southern China. The results were as follows: (1) The functional traits of blister J. sigillata leaves decreased with increasing rocky desertification grade, leaf area decreased, specific leaf area increased, leaf dry matter content and leaf tissue density decreased and then increased, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and light energy utilization decreased and then increased, and the trends of other traits were not significant. (2) RDA analysis showed that soil nutrients explained 37.4% of the variation in photosynthetic traits and 53.4% of the variation in structural traits, with total phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon having the greatest influence on photosynthetic traits; the most significant effects on structural traits were alkaline dissolved nitrogen and fast-acting phosphorus. (3) Specific leaf area was highly significantly negatively correlated with leaf dry matter content and highly significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate, leaf thickness was highly significantly negatively correlated with leaf tissue density, transpiration rate was highly significantly positively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance, water use efficiency was highly significantly negatively correlated with transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance, respectively; light energy utilization was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate. The results suggest that blister J. sigillata adapts to the special habitat of karstic desertification through a pioneering growth strategy of enhancing growth functional traits while improving resource acquisition capacity to improve resistance and adaptation to environmental stresses.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： There are poor conditions, and quite differences in seasonal climate environment in coastal sandy land, which makes it difficult for plants to survive. Ipomoea pes-caprae is an important sand-fixing plant widely distributed in coastal sandy land. In order to explore the adaptation mechanism of I. pes-caprae to environmental changes in different seasons, the seasonal variation of the leaves physiological traits were studied. In this paper, the contents of chlorophyll, the contents of osmotic substance, antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the I. pes-caprae leaves in different seasons were measured, and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were also carried out. The results were as follows: (1) Chlorophyll contents had the same trend with season changes, which was significantly higher in spring than that in summer, autumn and winter, but chlorophyll a/b had no significant change among seasons. (2) Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters also had the same change trends, which were significantly higher in summer and winter than that in spring and autumn. (3) Proline content increased gradually with seasons, and reached the highest level in winter. Soluble sugar content in winter was significantly higher than that in other three seasons. However, there was no significant differences in malondialdehyde (MDA) content among seasons. (4) The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in spring were significantly higher than those in other seasons, but there was no significant differences in summer, autumn and winter. There was no significant differences in peroxidase (POD) activities among seasons. (5) There was a certain correlation between physiological indexes and climate factors by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Temperature and sunshine significantly affected the contents of soluble sugar. Chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities can better reflect the response of I. pes-caprae leaves to seasonal climate change. Therefore, the chlorophyll a/b can be kept stable by adjusting the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and meanwhile, the contents of osmotic adjustment substances and the activities of antioxidant enzymes can be improved to adapt to seasonal changes, among which photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes were the key factors affecting its seasonal adaptability.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to obtain the optimal fertilization formula for Pinus massoniana seedlings, one-year-old seedlings were selected and grown in a L16 (43) orthogonal design. Traits, such as seedling height, ground diameter, biomass, leaf chlorophyll content and N, P, K contents, were measured to explore the effects of different N, P, K ratio fertilization on growth characteristics. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in seedling height, ground diameter, biomass, quality index, chlorophyll and nutrient contents among different fertilization ratio treatments. Among them, treatment 12 had the highest biomass, quality index, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents, and membership value. (2) N application had highly significant effects on growth and physiology. K application had highly significant effects on seedling height, ground diameter, above-ground biomass, total biomass, chlorophyll and needle nutrients. Besides, P application had highly significant effects on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, N and P contents in needles, but had significant effects on seedling height, under-ground biomass and total chlorophyll content. (3) N application had greater effect on seedling height, ground diameter, above-ground biomass, total biomass, quality index, chlorophyll a content, total chlorophyll content and N content in needles than K and P applications. The effects on under-ground biomass and P contents of needles were as N>P>K. (4) N3 level was beneficial to seedling height, diameter and biomass accumulation. N4 level was beneficial to the accumulation of chlorophyll content and the content of N and P in needles, while P4 level was beneficial to biomass accumulation, chlorophyll content and P accumulation. Comprehensive analysis showed that N should be applied mainly in the early stage of P. massoniana seedlings, supplemented by P and K. N3P4K2 nutrient solution can improve the overall quality of seedlings, with N, P and K concentrations as 8.25, 1.00 and 1.50 mmol稬-1, respectively.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-11-04 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The TIFY gene family plays a very important role in Camellia sinensis hormone signal transduction and its adversity stress. Bioinformatics methods were employed to identify the TIFY family members in the C. sinensis genome in the study, and the physical and chemical properties, system evolution, gene structure, chromosomal location, the cis-acting elements of promoter region and tissue expression pattern were also analyzed, and the results of quantitative experiments verified the hormone response and stress response characteristics of some members of the TIFY family. The results were as follows: (1)There were 19 TIFY gene members (CSTIFY1-CSTIFY19) in C. sinensis, which belonged to four protein subfamilies of TIFY, JAZ, ZML and PPD, and distributed unevenly on eight chromosomes. According to evolutionary relationship and structural characteristics, TIFY gene could be divided into seven groups, and members of each group had similar gene structure and conserved motif. (2)The promoter region of the CsTIFYs gene contains a varieties of cis-acting elements in response to abiotic stress, the quantitative experiments proved that its family members were highly responsive to Methyl jasmonate, salt (20%), cold (4 ℃) and drought (20% polyethylene glycol 6000) treatments, and some genes were highly expressed during the development of roots and apical buds. Based on the above results, it was speculated that the TIFY gene family may play a role in C. sinensis hormone signal regulation, stress defense response and growth and development.
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