• 黔中天龙山典型喀斯特次生林地上生物量与环境因子的关系

    Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》

    Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between the aboveground biomass of karst secondary forest land and environmental factors, we took the typical secondary forest sample of karst Tianlong mountain in Puding County, Central Guizhou as the research object, adopted the aboveground biomass model of single species and different diameter groups to calculate the biomass of dominant species and community, used the spatial distribution map to describe the spatial distribution of environmental factors and aboveground biomass of community, and used the correlation test (person) General linear model (GLM) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to discuss the relationship between community, life form, species aboveground biomass and environmental factors. The results were as follow: (1) The total aboveground biomass of karst secondary forest group was 106.94 t穐m-2, and the aboveground biomass of dominant species accounts for 91.77% of the whole sample plot. The aboveground biomass of evergreen plants was higher than that of deciduous plants. The aboveground biomass of Lithocarpus confinis and Platycarya strobilacea accounted for the highest proportion in the community, 34.23% and 34.37% respectively; (2) The spatial distribution of rock exposure rate showed obvious upper and lower gradient difference, the upper slope was significantly greater than the lower slope, and the spatial distribution of slope and soil thickness was discontinuous and has no obvious law; (3) There was a significant positive correlation between aboveground biomass and soil thickness, and their spatial distribution tends to be consistent. Soil thickness was the main influencing factor of aboveground biomass of the community, and the influence of rock exposure rate and slope on aboveground biomass of the community was low; (4) For different life forms, the influence of rock exposure rate on aboveground biomass was the highest, and the influence of soil thickness and slope on evergreen plants was greater than that of defoliation; (5) For different species, the correlation between environmental factors and aboveground biomass was complex. Most species were positively correlated with soil thickness. Platycarya strobilacea and Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum were positively correlated with rock exposure rate and slope respectively. In conclusion, the vegetation restoration of secondary forest in the study area is slow, and soil thickness is the main influencing factor of aboveground biomass of the community. However, for different life forms and species, the response of aboveground biomass to the environment will be affected by biological factors such as life form differences, species habitat preferences and interspecific relationships.

  • 黔中喀斯特次生林群落结构动态

    Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-10-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》

    Abstract:喀斯特地区群落结构动态研究,是生态重建和石漠化治理中需解决的关键问题。基于黔中普定县6 块永久监测样地在􀀁2013 年、2015 年和􀀁2019 年的监测资料,分析􀀁7 年间喀斯特次生林重要值、物种消长结构、物种多样性、径级结构和垂直结构的动态特征。结果表明:(1)刺楸(Kalopanax septemlobus)、朴树(Celtis sinensis)等乔木种的优势度增大,更新率较高,竹叶椒(Zanthoxylum armatum)、杭子梢(Campylotropis macrocarpa)和火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)等先锋种的重要值减少,且死亡率较高。(2)物种多样性指数各年间无显著差异,物种丰富度和􀀁Margalef 丰富度指数呈先增加后减少的趋势,􀀁Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数基本稳定,均匀度指数呈先减少后增加趋势,其在􀀁2013 年和􀀁2019 年之间差异显著。(3)径级和树高结构呈“倒􀀁J 型”和“左偏正态”分布,各年间差异不显著,乔木层大径级(DBH≥10 cm)个体数增加,但高大乔木(H≥9 m)个体数和种数减少,灌木层中火棘、杭子梢和小冻绿树(Rhamnus rosthornii)等灌木种在􀀁0 m≤H<3 m 和􀀁0 cm≤DBH<2.5 cm 的个体数减少,而刺楸、朴树等乔木种个体数增加。喀斯特次生林的自然演替过程较缓慢且复杂多样,层次结构不明显,群落总体􀀁处于演替进􀀁展􀀁的􀀁中前期,群落更新良好,􀀁将进一步以􀀁乔木占优势的方向发展。

  • 猪肠道微生物区系的形成及营养调控

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:猪肠道微生物区系的建立是一个非常复杂的过程。微生物与宿主之间在长期的进化与演变过程中形成了一种相互依赖、相互制约的微生态平衡。肠道微生物在宿主动物的生长发育、器官功能、营养代谢、机体免疫等方面发挥了重要作用。微生物区系的形成与动态平衡受到内部和外部多种因素的影响与制约,特别是不同营养素(碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪等)对猪肠道微生物菌群的组成具有重要影响。本文着重探讨了猪肠道微生物区系的形成特点和主要营养素对其调控的影响。

  • 共轭亚油酸对C2C12肌细胞生脂和生肌分化的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本研究分析了共轭亚油酸(CLA)对C2C12肌细胞生脂转分化和生肌分化的影响。分别培养并诱导C2C12鼠源肌细胞生脂转分化和正常的生肌分化,同时分别使用终浓度为50 µmol/L的c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA处理细胞,取生脂转分化第10天和生肌分化第8天的细胞用于实时定量PCR检测,观察c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA对C2C12肌细胞不同分化的影响。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,c9,t11-CLA促进了C2C12肌细胞的生脂转分化,显著增加了细胞内甘油三酯(TG)含量(P<0.05),显著上调了细胞内脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α(C/EBPα)、过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体γ(PPARγ)和脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)基因的表达水平(P<0.05);与对照组相比,t10,c12-CLA则抑制了C2C12肌细胞的生脂转分化,显著减少了细胞内TG含量(P<0.05),显著下调了细胞内C/EBPα、PPARγ和FABP4基因的表达水平(P<0.05)。免疫印迹杂交结果显示FAS和FABP4的蛋白水平也发生了与基因表达相一致的变化。2)与对照组相比,t10,c12-CLA抑制了C2C12肌细胞的生肌分化,显著减少了细胞内肌管数/细胞数(P<0.05),显著下调了细胞内肌细胞生成素(MYOG)和成肌分化抗原(MYOD)基因的表达水平(P<0.05);与对照组相比,c9,t11-CLA则显著上调了细胞内MYOG基因的表达水平(P<0.05),对C2C12肌细胞的生肌分化有一定程度的促进作用。免疫印迹杂交结果显示MYOG和MYOD的蛋白水平也发生了与基因表达相一致的变化。以上结果表明,CLA对动物骨骼肌细胞的正常生肌分化和生脂转分化都具有重要的调节作用。

  • 饲粮添加菊糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、排泄物及肠道主要臭气化合物浓度的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在探讨饲粮添加菊糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、排泄物及肠道主要臭气化合物浓度的影响。选择300只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.05%、0.15%、0.25%、0.50%菊糖的试验饲粮。试验期6周。结果表明:1)饲粮添加菊糖对肉仔鸡生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05);2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.50%菊糖显著提高了肉仔鸡排泄物中乳酸浓度(P<0.05)。排泄物中乳酸浓度显著高于盲肠和直肠食糜(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.50%菊糖显著降低了肉仔鸡排泄物中吲哚和粪臭素浓度(P<0.05)。4)肉仔鸡排泄物吲哚浓度与直肠吲哚和粪臭素浓度、盲肠吲哚浓度呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05)。排泄物的pH与盲肠乳酸浓度呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加菊糖显著降低了肉仔鸡排泄物、盲肠和直肠的吲哚和粪臭素浓度,饲粮菊糖适宜添加水平为0.50%。

  • 动物肌肉生长发育相关microRNAs的表达模式和调控机制

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:MicroRNAs(miRNA)是生物体内自然存在的一种非编码小RNA,能够靶向调控众多基因的表达,进而参与多种生命活动的调节。动物肌肉组织的生长发育是一个复杂的过程,受到诸多调控因子的精密控制。本文综述了miRNA特别是一些肌特异性miRNA在动物肌肉生长发育过程中的表达模式和调控机制。

  • 饲粮菊糖添加水平对肉仔鸡盲肠、直肠菌群结构及主要菌群数量的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究饲粮菊糖添加水平对肉仔鸡盲肠和直肠菌群结构和主要菌群数量的影响。采用单因素完全随机化设计,选用300只1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。5组肉仔鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.5、1.5、2.5和5.0 g/kg菊糖的试验饲粮。试验期为6周。采用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和定量PCR(qPCR)技术对42日龄肉仔鸡盲肠和直肠菌群结构及主要菌群数量进行测定。结果表明:1)饲粮菊糖添加水平对肉仔鸡盲肠和直肠菌群丰富度、盲肠菌群香农指数以及直肠菌群均匀度均无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著降低了盲肠菌群均匀度和直肠菌群香农指数(P<0.05)。PCR-DGGE图谱上部分优势条带序列分析表明,饲粮添加菊糖促进了肉仔鸡盲肠和直肠厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)中产粪甾醇真细菌(Eubacterium co-prostanoligenes)、肠单胞球菌(Intestinimonas sp.)和盲肠肠球菌(Enterococcus cecorum)等细菌的增殖。2)饲粮菊糖添加显著影响了肉仔鸡盲肠、直肠总细菌和大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05)。二次曲线分析显示,当菊糖添加水平分别为2.71和2.66 g/kg时,盲肠总细菌和大肠杆菌数量最少;与对照组相比,饲粮添加1.5、2.5、5.0 g/kg菊糖显著降低了盲肠乳酸菌数量(P<0.05),饲粮添加0.5 g/kg菊糖显著增加了直肠乳酸菌数量(P<0.05);饲粮添加5.0 g/kg菊糖时肉仔鸡盲肠、直肠双歧杆菌数量及直肠产气荚膜梭菌数量均为最高,且与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,有利于改善肉仔鸡肠道菌群结构和促进有益菌增殖的菊糖添加水平为2.5~5.0 g/kg。