Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To investigate the characteristics of the fungal community and potential key pathogens, ITS rDNA gene amplicon sequencing technology and FUNGuild analysis were used to study the fungal community composition, network characteristics and ecological function groups in rotting tubers of Dioscorea. sp. Additionally, potential pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified. The results were as follows: ( 1 ) In rotting tubers of Dioscorea sp., the dominant phylum was Ascomycota, and prevalent fungal genera included Penicillium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Talaromyces, Clonostachys, etc. The fungal molecular ecological network exhibited a clear modular structure with a high ratio of positive correlation edges (99.33%), suggesting that positive cooperation was strengthen between different fungi. ( 2 ) FUNGuild analysis indicated that 10 guilds were highly correlated with yam tuber rot. Among these guilds, the relative abundances of dung saprotroph-undefined saprotroph-wood saprotroph and endophyte-plant pathogen were 33.74% and 23.64%, respectively, and the representative genera were Penicillium and Colletotrichum, respectively. Additionally, three guilds were related to both plant pathogen and wood saprotroph, and occupied 13.67% of the ecological functional groups. Moreover, Fusarium was representative genus of all three guilds. Traits analysis showed that some fungi (Penicillium, Fusarium, etc.) in the fungal community were probably invovled in yam tuber rot. ( 3 ) A total of 22 strains were isolated and belonged to 6 genera, including Fusarium ( 9 strains ), Penicillium ( 5 strains ) and Aspergillus ( 4 strains ), etc. This study provides an important reference for understanding the pathogenesis of tuber rot in Dioscorea sp., and for the selection of appropriate pesticides and biocontrol microbes.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Diospyros dasyphylla Kurz and Diospyros sumatrana Miq. ( Ebenaceae ) are reported as newly recorded species in China. Their diagnostic characters, habitat and distribution of the two newly recorded species are provided. The endangered category of the two newly recorded species is assessed based on field survey. D. dasyphylla closely resembles D. xylocarpa Y. M. Shui, W. H. Chen & Sima, However, it can be distinguished by its young branchlets and leaves, which are densely covered with yellow-brown hairs. Another distinctive feature of D. dasyphylla is its mature fruit, approximately 6 cm in diameter, accompanied by a fruit calyx measuring 8 mm. D. sumatrana is similar to D. elliptifolia Merr., but differs in its white and urceolate corolla, fruit 2 cm in diameter and erected calyx. The voucher specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany ( IBK ) and Museum of Beijing Forestry University ( BJFC ). These findings provide new basic data for the biodiversity research of Diospyros plants in China.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The green leaves, variegated leaves and yellow leaves of Yulania denudata with variegated leaf were used as experimental materials. The anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of three types of leaves were compared from the aspects of photosynthetic pigment content, leaf anatomical structure and light response curve, the factor of photosynthetic characteristics of Y. denudata with variegated leaf was revealed from anatomy. The the result of research as follows: (1) The yellow leaf spots of Y. denudata with variegated leaf is chlorophyll-type leaf spots formed by the decrease of chlorophyll content due to the abnormal structure of chloroplasts. (2) The structure of the thylakoids in the yellow region of the flower and leaf Y. denudata with variegated leaf was abnormal, and ATP synthesis was blocked, which hindered the progress of photosynthesis. (3) The anatomical structure showed that the palisade tissue of the green leaf was developed, the chloroplast integrity and pigment content were higher than that of the variegated leaf and the yellow leaf, and the net photosynthetic rate was higher. (4) There was a significant difference in the maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point between the green leaf and the variegated leaf, and the green leaf can withstand a wider range of bright light than the variegated leaf. This study further elucidates that that the chloroplast structure of Y. denudata with variegated leaf affected its photosynthetic characteristics, and the results provided references for the breeding of fine varieties.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to reveal the albino mechanism of gold-coloured mutant leaves of Cyclobalanopsis gilva, a naturally-occurring leaf-color mutant was used as experimental materials, and the metabolome and transcriptome of mutant leaves and normal green leaves were analyzed by UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X and high-throughput RNA sequencing, respectively. The results were as follows: ( 1 ) 257 and 357 significantly changed metabolites ( SCMs ) were respectively identified under the positive ion mode and the negative ion mode. Compared with green leaves, the content of some flavonoids such as quercetin, leucoyanidin, myricetin and their derivatives (pyranodelphinin A, isorhamnetin 3-glucuronide, etc. ) increased significantly in mutant leaves, but the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased significantly. ( 2 ) A total of 4 146 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, of which 1 711 were up-regulated and 2 435 were down-regulated. ( 3 ) KEGG enrichment analysis showed that SCMs and DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis. The research results indicate that inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast developmental abnormalities and promotion of flavonoid synthesis were the main factors driving the golden leaf coloration in the mutant C. gilva. In addition, the genes of the MYB and bHLH families were significantly up-regulated in mutant leaves, confirming these two types of transcription factors were involved in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provided new molecular insights into the phenomenon of leaf etiolation, and also provided reference for exploring leaf color-related functional genes and breeding of landscape plant.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The stability of phyllosphere microbial community is closely related to plant health. In order to understand the microecological characteristics of tobacco leaves infected with wildfire disease, community structure and diversity of phyllosphere microbiome in diseased spots and healthy tissues of tobacco leaves with different degrees of disease using high-throughput sequencing technology in this paper. The results showed that the dominant microorganisms in diseased and healthy tissues were Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, and their relative abundance in diseased tissues was significantly higher than that in healthy tissues. The dominant genera were Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Alternaria, Plectosphaerella and Conocybe, and only the relative abundance of Pseudomonas in diseased tissues was significantly higher than that in healthy tissues. The diversity and richness of bacterial communities in diseased spots were higher than those in healthy tissues, and the diversity index showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing with the increase of the degree of disease, and the richness index showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The richness and diversity index of fungal communities in diseased spots showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the disease degree, and the diversity and richness of fungal communities in diseased spots of mildly and moderately diseased leaves were higher than that in healthy tissues, but the diversity and richness of fungal communities in heavily diseased tissues were lower than those in healthy tissues. Gene functional information and relative abundance of bacteria in diseased spots and healthy tissues are generally similar, primarily related to metabolism, genetic information processing and environmental information processing. The dominant functional taxa of fungi were plant pathogen, animal pathogen-endophyte-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph, undefined saprotroph, wood saprotroph and plant pathogen-wood saprotroph. The results provide a reference for the understanding of evolutionary pattern of tobacco wildfire disease and characterization of the phyllosphere microbial community.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Bacterial wilt is a devastating soil-borne disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. The pathogenic species are complex and tend to have a variation, while mlo caused by the recessive mutation of MLO genes has a broad-spectrum resistance. The previous study suggested that Slmlo1/6 may be involved in the resistance response to bacterial wilt in tomato. In order to further study the gene function of Slmlo1/6 in tomato bacterial wilt resistance, the genetic mutant plants were created by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and their phenotypes were identified followed. The results were as follows: ( 1 ) First, gRNA sequences of SlMLO1/6 were designed and assembled with the U6 promoters, then U6-gRNA1/6 fragments containing highly effective targets were ligated to CRISPR vector of pBGK via restriction enzyme Bsa I digestion, to construct the two-gene fusion knockout vector of pBGK-SlMLO1/6. The recombinant plasmid of pBGK-SlMLO1/6 was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α competent cells and positive monoclonal clones were selected via plate cultivation. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 strains-mediated genetic transformation and resistance screening to hygromycin, a total of 9 edited tomato plants were obtained with the PCR and sequencing validation. ( 2 ) Target region sequencing showed that M2 and M8 plants had the 177 bp and 7 bp deletion of SlMLO1, respectively, M7 had the 12 bp deletion of SlMLO6, and M9 had a single base T insertion of SlMLO6. Except for 4 single gene homozygous mutants above, the other mutations were heterozygous. ( 3 ) RT-qPCR showed that compared with the wild type plant, SlMLO1/6 gene expression of the mutants was significantly decreased, especially M2, M7, and M8 plants. ( 4 ) Phenotypic identification indicated that SlMLO1/6 may be tomato bacterial wilt susceptibility genes. In a word, the knockout vector is successfully constructed for broad-spectrum resistance MLO genes and tomato transformation is also achieved. Further, a few homozygous gene edited plants acquire resistance to bacterial wilt to some extent. Amino acid deletion and frameshift mutation may be two crucial reasons for the gene function change of Slmlo1/6 in resistance. The results provide a theoretical basis and genetic engineering materials for the gene function study in resistance to bacterial wilt and disease resistance breeding in tomato.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Wild plants play a pivotal role in people’s daily lives, providing numerous necessities such as food, medicine, and living tools for survival. Zada County, located in the southwestern part of Ngari Prefecture (མངའ་རི, mngav-ri) , Xizang Autonomous Region of China, bordering India, serves as an important gateway for China’s access to South Asia. This region used to engage in prosperous and lively border trade. Characterized by a plateau sub-frigid arid climate, characterized by low annual average temperature, low oxygen concentration, cold winters, and cool summers. The Zang People here has amassed rich traditional knowledge on the utilization of wild plants in adapting to harsh environments. To comprehensively and systematically investigate, document, and study the traditional knowledge of the Zang People in Zada County on the utilization of wild plants, an ethnobotanical investigation methods were adopted. The research involved interviews with 173 informants, recording 3 639 utilization reports (URs), and conducting quantitative analyses using UV, CV, and CII metrics. The results were as follows: (1) The Zang People in Zada County possesses extensive traditional knowledge on the utilization of wild plants, employing 119 species belonging to 40 families and 83 genera. (2) The utilization categories of wild plants in this area are diverse, with 8 utilization categories, and multiple plants possessing two or more uses simultaneously. (3) The most significant plants in people’s lives are Carum carvi (UV=1.220), Artemisia stracheyi (UV=0.919), Rheum acuminatum (UV=0.890), Cupressus sp. (UV=0.769), and Urtica dioica (UV=0.757). Theses plants are intimately connected to the lives of the local Zang People and are deeply loved by them. (4) The intricate and diverse plateau environment significantly influences the utilization of wild plants in this region. This research not only comprehensively and systematically documents the utilization knowledge and characteristics of wild plants in Zada County, but also provides evidence for the further exploration and rational utilization of local plant resources, contributing to the sustainable development of the region. At the same time, it also helps to promote the inheritance and promotion of traditional knowledge, contributing to the prosperity of local culture. In addition, this research has positive implications for biodiversity conservation, helping to raise public awareness and protection consciousness towards biodiversity, and promoting the balance and harmonious development of the ecosystem.
Subjects: Biology >> Biological Evolution submitted time 2024-05-31
Abstract： Within the dicynodont genus Turfanodon, there are two recognized species, T.bogdaensis and T. jiufengensis. Both species are known by relatively complete cranial materials, but the mandibles and most postcranial bones have been described only for T. jiufengensis. This paper reports new dicynodont specimens from Turpan, Xinjiang, referring them to T. bogdaensis. They can clearly be differentiated from T. jiufengensis by the flatter lateral surface of the snout region, a prominent swelling on the lateral dentary shelf, and the rounded femoral head. The diagnosis of Turfanodon is revised. The combination of a flat circumorbital rim, posterior portion of anterior pterygoid rami with converging ventral ridges, and a possible autapomorphy, a deep notch on scapula forming procoracoid foramen, are confirmed. It also differentiated from all dicynodonts other than Myosaurus, Kembawacela and Lystrosaurus by having accessory ridges lateral to the median palatal ridge.
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2024-05-25
Abstract： Drug addiction is a serious chronic relapsing brain disease, and methamphetamine dependence has a complex course and is difficult to treat, causing a serious public health burden. In this study, we compared and analyzed the urine proteome of methamphetamine-using patients (patients who stopped using methamphetamine within 24 hours), methamphetamine-withdrawing patients (patients who stopped using drugs for more than 3 months and entered rehabilitation treatment), healthy individuals. The urine proteome of methamphetamine-addicted patients (including patients who were using methamphetamine and methamphetamine-withdrawing patients) was significantly different from that of healthy individuals, and some differential proteins and their enriched biological functions showed that they were associated with addiction or neurotoxicity of methamphetamine and may be potential intervention targets for drug addiction. Patients who withdrew methamphetamine for more than 3 months were still difficult to return to normal levels and may be used to reveal the reasons for the high rate of methamphetamine relapse. In this study, a method of studying addictive drugs from the perspective of urine proteomics was established, which proved that urine proteome can reflect the effects of methamphetamine abuse on the body relatively systematically and comprehensively, and has the potential to provide clues for the study and practice of clinical addictive diseases.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2024-05-25
Abstract： Taking compound nutrient supplements is a common means of health management. No studies have investigated the overall effects of complex nutrient supplements on healthy individuals from the perspective of the urine proteome. In this study, we compared and analyzed the urine proteome of healthy individuals after taking compound nutrient supplements for 2 weeks, 4 weeks and before taking them, and found that the urine proteome changed more significantly after taking compound nutrient supplements for 2 weeks, and the differential proteins and their enriched pathways may be associated with nutrient supplementation, such as erythropoietin receptor (fold change of 449.5 after taking compound nutrient supplements for 2 weeks). The results of this study provide new clues about the health effects of complex nutrient supplements from the perspective of the urine proteome and help to optimize guidelines and recommendations for the use of complex nutrient supplements.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Molecular Biology submitted time 2024-05-24
Abstract： Differential and even opposing functions of two major antioxidant transcription factors Nrf1 and Nrf2 (encoded by Nfe2l1 and Nfe2l2, respectively) are determined by distinctions in their tempospatial positioning, topological repartitioning, proteolytic processing, and biochemical modification, as well as in their shared evolutionary origin. As a matter of fact, the allelopathic potentials of Nrf1 and Nrf2 (both resembling two entangled ‘Yin-Yang’ quanta that comply with a dialectic law of the unity of opposites) are fulfilled to coordinately control redox physiological homeostasis so as to be maintained within the presetting thresholds. By putative exponential curves of redox stress and intrinsic anti-redox capability, there is inferable to exist a set point at approaching zero with the ‘Golden Mean’ for the healthy survival (i.e., dubbed the ‘zero theory’). A bulk of the hitherto accumulating evidence demonstrates that the set point of redox homeostasis is dictated selectively by multi-hierarchical threshold settings, in which the living fossil-like Nrf1 acts as a robust indispensable determinon, whereas Nrf2 serves as a versatile chameleon-like master regulon, in governing the redox homeodynamic ranges. This is attributable to the facts that Nrf2 has exerted certain ‘double-edged sword’ effects on life process, whereas Nrf1 executes its essential physiobiological functions, along with unique pathophysiological phenotypes, by integrating its ‘three-in-one’ roles elicited as a specific triplet of direct sensor, transducer and effector within multi-hierarchical stress responsive signaling to redox metabolism and target gene reprogramming. Here, we also critically reviewed redox regulation of physio-pathological functions from the eco-evo-devo perspectives, through those coding rules (redox code, stress-coping code, and topogenetic code). The evolving concepts on stress and redox stress were also further revisited by scientific principles of physics and chemistry, apart from two novel concepts of ‘oncoprotists’ and ‘reverse central dogma’ being introduced in this interdisciplinary and synthetic review.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Rock outcrop is a typical feature of karst ecosystem, on which there are complex microhabitats and various colonized plants, but the relationship between these plants and microhabitats is not clear. Taking a tropical seasonal humid forest in Xishuangbanna as the research object in this study, we measured the morphological characteristics and external environmental factors of 586 microhabitats on rock outcrops surface. All colonized vascular species on these microhabitats were identified and counted. Then, Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to reveal the relationship between microhabitats (including morphological characteristics and environmental factors) and vascular plants richness. The results were as follows: (1) In tropical karst forest, the microhabitat characteristic such as soil depth [(4.92±4.00)] cm and area [(532.28±1 575.10) cm2] have great variability. (2) A total of 1 518 individuals of 90 species belonging to 82 genera and 44 families were recorded in all microhabitats, and karst preferent species that dominants on limestone accounted for 35.6%. (3) The area size and soil depth of microhabitat can explain more than 70% of species composition and colonized plants richness in RDA model. (4) The species-area relationship between the richness of the colonized plants and the area of rock outcrops microhabitats shows an obvious exponential decay. In conclusion, microhabitats on rock outcrops in the tropical karst forest is highly heterogeneous, the area size and soil depth are the key factors affecting plant colonization, and the species-area relationship dominates the species richness pattern on rock outcrops microhabitats.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
XU Pengn
TAN Qiujinn
SONG Haiyunn
ZHENG Shufangn
YANG Xiaozhoun
HUAN Xiujun
ZHANG Taon
ZHOU Chunhengn
WEI Yuanrongn
WANG Wenlinn
Abstract： Macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia) is an evergreen nut tree with high economic value. Its kernel is rich in nutrients such as fatty acid and protein, etc. In order to further explore the main regulatory genes related to nutrient formation in M. integrifolia kernels, transcriptomics, gene cloning, fluorescence quantification PCR and bioinformatics techniques were used to screen potential regulatory genes from the kernel transcriptomes of ‘Guire No. 1’ and ‘A4’, which have significantly different nutrient content in M. integrifolia kernels. The results were as follows: (1) Transcriptome analysis showed that 1 667 genes were up-regulated and 1 798 genes down-regulated in ‘Guire No. 1’ kernel compared with those of ‘A4’ kernel and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differential genes were mainly in starch and glucose metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and carbon metabolism. (2) A significant differential gene-LOC122077931 encoding the R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB44L was discovered. The MiMYB44L gene was cloned in kernels of M. integrifolia variety ‘Guire No. 1’ using RACE technology, which was 1 165 bp in length, 999 bp in ORF in length, and encoded 332 amino acids. (3) Bioinformatics analysis confirmed the presence of the SANT domain in the MiMYB44L protein, a hallmark feature of the R2R3-MYB family. The protein lacked both a signal peptide and a transmembrane domain but featured phosphorylation sites. (4) The protein content in kernels of 10 M. integrifolia varieties was determined. And it was found that the expression of MiMYB44L gene in M. integrifolia varieties with high protein content was significantly higher than that in varieties with low protein content, and the overall correlation coefficient was 0.54, reaching a very significant level. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance for in-depth analysis of the regulatory mechanism of MiMYB44L gene in the formation of protein content in M. integrifolia.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Li Jinghan
Zhang Shunwei
Yang Xiaobo
Li Donghai
Qi Chunlin
Huang Yao
Zhang Xiang
Hao Jiewei
Liang Caiqun
Zhu Zicheng
Jiang Yuexin
Wang Chongyang
HE Yiqi
Abstract： Based on the ‘National Key Protected Wild Plants List’ and related data in 2021, combined with field investigation, the ‘National Key Protected Wild Plants List of Hainan Province’ was integrated, and its composition and floristic characteristics were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) Among the national key protected wild plants, the original Cycas changjiangensis, C. hainanensis, C. lingshuigensis and C. taiwaniana were incorporated into C. taiwaniana; compared with the National Key Protected Wild Plant List in 1999, the original Semiliquidambar cathayensis and Amphicarpaea linearis were removed from the protection category, and Bretschneidera sinensis was degraded from the Category I protection to the Category II protection.127 species of national key protected wild plants were added, and a total of 173 species ( including varieties ) were added, belonging to 53 families and 83 genera, including 8 species of national Category I protected wild plants. There are 165 species of national Category II protected wild plants and 32 endemic species in Hainan Province, which belong to 4 groups. Among them, the angiosperm species are the most abundant, with 129 species. (2) Based on years of field investigation information and the results of this survey, Cycas rumphii, C. shanyagensis, Alsophila costularis and Paphiopedilum purpuratum have not been investigated. (3) The life forms of 173 protected plants were divided into 5 types, mainly phanerophytes ( 115 species ), followed by hemicryptophytes ( 34 species ) and hemicryptophytes ( 22 species ), and hemicryptophytes and cushion plants were the least ( 1 species ). (4) At the family level, Orchidaceae had the most species, including 47 species ( 27.17% ). At the genus level, Dendrobium has the largest number of species, including 21 species ( 12.14% ). (5) The floristic elements are complex and have obvious tropical characteristics. The families are mainly distributed in the pantropics and their variants. The genera are mainly distributed in tropical Asia and its variants. In summary, the tropical nature and unique phenomena of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province are obvious, and there are many new protected species. Therefore, background investigation and dynamic monitoring should be carried out continuously, law enforcement should be strengthened, human factors should be reduced to interfere with and destroy habitats, and in-situ and ex-situ protection measures should be taken to strengthen protection and management.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Vegetation restoration is an effective way for ecological restoration in the dry-hot valley, and many alien species are introduced along with natural vegetation restoration. In order to compare the responses of native and alien species to water and microorganisms, the native Albizia kalkora and alien Leucaena leucocephala were selected as our research objects, and the effects of water and soil microorganisms on the growth and development of the two plants were studied by soil moisture control and soil microbial inoculation under climate chamber conditions. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with Leucaena leucocephala, the seed germination rate, root biomass, root-shoot ratio and plant nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of Albizia kalkora were significantly increased by 58.82%, 76.13%, 90.59% and 18.42%, respectively (P<0.05); (2) Under the drought conditions, the root biomass and plant nitrogen concentration of Albizia kalkora were significantly lower than those under moist conditions by 33.67% and 8.65% (P<0.05), and the plant height, aboveground biomass and root biomass of Leucaena leucocephala under drought conditions were 39.32%, 40.06% and 39.61% lower than those under moist conditions (P<0.05), indicating that drought inhibited the growth and nutrient uptake of both plants; (3) The number of nodules in the roots of Albizia kalkora under drought conditions was higher than that under moist conditions (P<0.05), while the number of nodules in the roots of Leucaena leucocephala under moist conditions was higher than that under drought conditions; (4) Except for the proportion of dead leaf biomass, soil microbial inoculation and the interaction between soil microorganisms and water had no significant effect on the growth of Albizia kalkora and Leucaena leucocephala. The above results suggest that Albizia kalkora is more suitable for drought environment than Leucaena leucocephala, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of species for vegetation restoration in dry-hot valleys, but the effects of soil microorganisms on plant growth are worthy of further study.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The updated List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (LNKPWP) was released by 1National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in September 2021. By integrating literature search, herbarium record, field investigation and expert consultation, we compiled the updated list, investigated the geographic map, research progresses, threatened status, and protection status of National Key Protected Wild Plants (NKPWP) in Hubei Province. The results were as follows: (1) There are 155 species on the LNKPWP in Hubei Province, of which 11 species belong to Category I and the remaining 144 species belong to Category II. (2) Geographic distribution of NKPWP in Hubei Province is uneven and concentrated in west and southwest areas, with Shennongjia and Lichuan have the greatest numbers of NKPWP. (3) The most studied species are the species with economic value, flagship species and regional representative species. In addition, more than a third of the species (55 species) were almost unstudied. The research of NKPWP in Hubei Province focused on genetic diversity, genetic structure, future distribution prediction under global change conditions, and phylogeography. (4) According to the “China Red List of Biodiversity-Higher Plants Volume”, the NKPWP in Hubei Province contain 9 critically endangered species, 30 endangered species, 41 vulnerable species and 19 near-threatened species. The main threatened factors are direct mining or logging, habitat degradation or loss, and species intrinsic factors. (5) Until now, 137 species(88%) of NKPWP in Hubei Province are wholly or partially located in protected areas, and the remaining 18 species (12%) are completely located outside protected areas. At present, 93 species of NKPWP have been introduced and cultivated in Hubei Province, while the other 62 species have not been recorded under ex situ conservation. In addition, very few species have been reintroduced into the wild. (6) At present, although the distribution ranges of seven wild plants in Hubei Province (five of which are endemic to Hubei) are limited and they are negatively affected by internal causes and human interference, they have not been included in the LNKPWP. In addition, this study points out the knowledge gaps in the research and protection of NKPWP in Hubei Province, and puts forward specific research suggestions and protection strategies.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Nitrogen (N) is a mineral nutrient with the highest demand for plants, and it is also a vital abiotic factor that limits plant yield and quality. Plants use inorganic and organic N sources from soil, and N form is a key factor affecting the active ingredients and their contents in medicinal plants. However, the utilization characteristics of different N forms by medicinal plants and the impact on active ingredients remain to be investigated. With nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), amide nitrogen (urea, UN) and amino acid nitrogen (glycine, GN) as sole N source and combining 15N isotope tracing and physiological and biochemical analysis, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of N uptake and utilization and its effect on the accumulation of andrographolide components at different growth stages (rapid growth stage, jointing stage, budding stage, flowering stage) of Andrographis paniculata. The results were as follows: (1) N content in leaves and roots decreased gradually with the growth period, and it was lower in the NN treatment. (2) The absorption rate of N was higher in the vegetative growth period, and rapidly decreased in the reproductive growth period. The absorption rate of AN, UN and GN was higher than that of NN in A. paniculata. (3) The allocation ratio of N in leaves was decreased, while the allocation ratio of N in stems was increased at budding stage. In comparison to the NN treatment, AN, UN, and GN treatments reduced N allocation ratio in leaves, but increased the ratio in stems and roots at this growth stage. (4) At rapid growth stage, the maximum carboxylation rate and maximum electron transport rate of photosynthesis were lower in the NN treatment, as well as the proportion of leaf N allocation in the carboxylation system and bioenergetics components. However, the allocation of leaf N in the carboxylation system in UN and AN treatment was reduced at budding stage and flowering stage, respectively. (5) AN, UN and GN increased andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide contents, and decreased 14- deoxyandrographolide content at budding and flowering stages, while neoandrographolide was slightly affected by N forms. (6) The contents of andrographolide and neoandrographolide were significantly negatively correlated with N contents in leaves, stems and roots, N uptake rate, and N allocation ratio in leaves and roots, while they were significantly positively correlated with N allocation ratio in stems. The opposite was true for 14-deoxyandrographolide. Taken together, the results indicate that the vegetative growth period is the main period for N uptake in A. paniculata, and that A. paniculata can better utilize AN, UN, and GN, and promote the accumulation of andrographolide components by optimizing N allocation. The results provide a theoretical reference for N management of A. paniculata.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The symbiotic fungi in roots of young Quercus wutaishansea at different ages were isolated directly from root tips to elucidate community structure and dynamic changes. The isolated fungi were identified based on the morphological characteristics of colony and molecular analysis. The results were as follows: （1）A total of 249 fungal strains were isolated from the roots of young Q. wutaishansea, 18 species belonging to 15 genera, 8 families, 7 orders, 8 classes and 2 phyla were recognized. Among them, 2 species are ascomycotes and 16 species are basidiomycets. Pezicula pruinosa was the species with the highest isolation frequency (81.93%), followed by Dactylonectria torresensis (4.02%), Ilyonectria robusta (2.01%) and Atrocalyx nordicus (2.01%). （2）Significant differences in species and quantities of symbiotic fungi demonstrate in different ages of young Quercus wutaishansea, with the highest frequency of isolation occurring in the 4-5 years old (44.98%) followed by the triennial (29.32%), biennial (19.68%) and annual (6.02%). To sum up, culturable symbiotic fungi in the roots of young Q. wutaishansea on Liupan Mountain were highly diverse. Species and quantities of isolates varied at different ages of trees, and the diversity increased with the growth of tree. Pezicula pruinosa is the most dominant culturable symbiotic fungi in roots of young Quercus wutaishansea. The results lay the foundation for further investigating symbiotic fungal resources and exploring the microbial symbiotic mechanism of Q. wutaishansea in adapting to local environment.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The aerenchyma is an adaptive structure of Saussurea medusa in response to extreme environments, and its formation is usually accompanied by programmed cell death （PCD）. The death of cells and the formation of aerenchyma are typically regulated by the PAD4 gene （Phytoalexin deficient 4）. However, the mechanism by which SmPAD4 regulates the formation of aerenchyma in S. medusa remains unclear. In this study, S. medusa was used as the experimental material, and the gene SmPAD4 related to ventilation tissue formation was cloned by homologous cloning and RACE technology, and its sequence, phylogenetic evolution, expression and subcellular localization were analyzed, and its promoter was amplified by hi-1IL PCR technology to explore its function in environmental adaptation. The results were as follows:（1） The cDNA of SmPAD4 gene was successfully cloned with a total length of 2 047 （ GenBank accession number OR766038）, including an open reading frame of 1 866 bp, encoding 621 amino acids, a molecular formula of C3163H4906N848O910S26. The protein was an alkaline and hydrophilic unstable protein. （2）Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SmPAD4 had high similarity with CcPAD4 of Cynara cardunculus. （3）A 1 049 bp promoter sequence of SmPAD4 was amplified, which included cis-acting elements such as light response element, hypoxia response element, methyl jasmonate response element, dry early, auxin response element and binding site of WRKY transcription factor.（4）Real-time quantitative fluorescence analysis showed that SmPAD4 gene was expressed in roots, stems and leaves, and the expression level was the highest in leaves. Under ultraviolet and hypoxia stress, the expression of SmPAD4 gene was up-regulated in leaves and stems, and down-regulated in roots. （ 5 ） Subcellular localization showed that SmPAD4 is distributed in the nucleus, cell membrane, and chloroplast. The results show that SmPAD4 gene has a unique protein domain and it responds to hypoxia and ultraviolet environmental stress, so it plays an important role in the formation of aerenchyma and the response to adversity stress. This study provides theoretical basis for further exploring the role of SmPAD4 gene in the environmental adaptation process of S. medusa.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Bsang is a folk activity with unique ethnic cultural characteristics on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), and it plays an important role in the daily life of Zang people. There are abundant bsang plant resources and related bsang cultural knowledge on the QTP, to investigate, document, and research Xizang bsang plants and related traditional knowledge, the research team conducted four ethnobotanical surveys on bsang plants in Xizang. Interviews were conducted with 459 informants from 22 townships, documenting 83 species of bsang plants belonging to 36 genera across 19 families. The results were as follows: (1) People of different regions, ages, and genders possess extensive knowledge of bsang plants; (2) Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste, Juniperus indica, Rhododendron anthopogon and have high cultural value (CV) indices, making them crucial in bsang activities; (3) The utilization of bsang plants demonstrates regional and substitutive characteristics, reflecting the local practices of scientifically managing and sustainably collecting of bsang plant resources. This study contributes to the inheritance of bsang activities and the biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization of bsang plant resources.
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