Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Iron (Fe) is crucial for the growth and development of plants and cadmium (Cd) is toxic to plants. There is an antagonistical mechanism between Fe and Cd uptake in plants. OsIMAs are a class of small peptides, and their overexpression improves Fe accumulation in rice. To explore the role of OsIMA genes in response to Cd stress, we analyzed the expression of two OsIMA genes by qRT-PCR, generated OsIMA1 overexpression plants and CRISPR/Cas9 edited ima1 mutants by genetic transformation, assessed the phenotypes of OsIMA1 overexpressing plants and ima1 loss-of-function mutant plants under Cd stress, and measured the Fe and Cd concentration of root and shoot. The results were as follows: (1) Both OsIMA1 and OsIMA2 were induced by Cd treatment. (2) Overexpression of OsIMA1 gene improved the tolerance of plants to Cd stress. (3) The loss-of-function of OsIMA1 led to the higher sensitivity of plants to Cd stress. (4) Measurement of Cd concentration indicated that OsIMA1 overexpressing plants accumulated more Cd in the root and the ima1 mutants accumulated more Cd in the shoot. Taken together, these data suggest that OsIMA1 improves Cd tolerance by restricting Cd translocation from root to shoot, which provides the theoretical base for breeding the Cd-tolerant rice.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to study the adaptive strategy of dominant tree species in a karst seasonal rain forest to heterogeneous habitat conditions, seven dominant tree species in a virgin forest in Nonggang, China, were taken as the research objects. The leaf micromorphological indexes of adult individuals of each tree species and the photosynthetic indexes of leaves in the growing season of these trees were measured. The ecological adaptability of these leaf structural and functional indexes to the habitat gradient in the karst peak cluster depression landform was tested. The results were as follows: (1) Along the karst habitat gradient from depression to peak, nine leaf micro-morphological indexes, such as leaf compactness, palisade tissue thickness, cuticle thickness, and upper epidermis thickness, showed a significant upward trend, while leaf looseness showed a significant downward trend. (2) Along the karst habitat gradient from depression to peak, the light compensation point, dark respiration efficiency, and maximum transpiration rate of these leaves all showed a significant upward trend. However, the maximum water use efficiency, the maximum intercellular CO2 concentration, and the apparent quantum efficiency showed a significant downward trend. (3) Leaf compactness was positively correlated with photosynthetic and transpiration ability indexes. Leaf looseness was negatively correlated with these two types of indexes. The above results show that there is a trade-off relationship between photosynthetic efficiency and drought tolerance in leaf functional traits of dominant tree species in the karst seasonal rain forest. Trees distributed in the depressions have obvious adaptive characteristics to weak light. Trees distributed on the middle slopes show extensive habitat adaptability. Due to the limitation of strong light, high temperature and exposed rock, the trees distributed on the mountain peaks show strong drought adaptability and conservative ecological adaptive strategies.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：
Allium, including garlic, onion, green Chinese onion, Chinese chive and other important vegetable crops with unique spicy flavor, is one of the largest genera of angiosperms. S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides, the unique secondary metabolites of Allium, which giving Allium spicy flavor and medicinal value, are the precursors of various volatile sulfur compounds. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the metabolic pathway of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides in Allium. Seven S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides have been found in Allium plants. These S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides are mainly synthesized in leaves through glutathione pathway, and then transported to the cytoplasm of storage organs such as bulbs for accumulation. At present, there are many studies on the catabolism of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides in Allium, while few studies on the biosynthesis of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides. Only two biosynthetic enzymes, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), have been confirmed at the molecular level. In addition, S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides are the downstream product of plant sulfur metabolism. The upstream of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides metabolism involves the absorption and transport of sulfur compounds, the metabolism of cysteine and glutathione, and the changes of these metabolic processes will also affect the biosynthesis of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides. With the rapid development of omics technology, genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics have been applied in the study of Allium plants, especially the completion of garlic genome sequence assembly, which provides great convenience for the study of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides metabolism pathway in Allium plants. Two aspects of research should be strengthened in the future. One is to continue to clone and identify the key enzyme genes in the biosynthesis pathway of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides and study their functions. Another is to strengthen the study of sulfur metabolism in Allium plants, so as to lay a foundation for the study of the regulation of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides biosynthesis. These studies will provide a reference for further analyzing the metabolic pathway of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides in Allium and regulating the flavor of Allium by molecular breeding technology.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Lianas are one of the components in maintaining forest diversity. However, the over-increase of lianas in tropical and subtropical forests, especially in secondary forests is threatening the restoration and healthy development of forests. Few domestic researches have paid attention to the phenomenon and make a comprehensive evaluation on the mechanism of the over-increase of lianas and negative effects on forests. In this paper, we reviewed and summarized the related researches on mechanisms and ecological consequences of the over-increase of lianas both at home and abroad with the purpose of offering reference for forest management and forest ecological restoration. Based on the relevant studies we hold the opinions: (1) The increase of lianas can be corelated with drought severity, elevated atmospheric CO2, increased natural disturbance (gaps) and forest fragments. Lianas possess the advantages of rapid growth, strong reproductive capacity and phenotypic plasticity, and high resource use efficiency under the altered environment. Thus, the favorable environment and inherent advantages can contribute to the increase of lianas. (2) Lianas compete with trees by means of shading stress, nutrient and water competition and mechanical loading, abrasion, and strangulation, which all may increase the mortality of trees. (3) Empirical evidence shows that the over-increase of lianas can negatively affect the tree growth recruitment, reproduction, and survival; at community level, lianas can alter tree community composition and decrease community diversity; at ecosystem level, lianas have the potential to ramify forest ecosystem function by decreasing carbon storage and altering carbon, nutrient, and water cycling. We recommend that future studies should be aimed at the correlations between population dynamic of liana species and environmental changes, the effect of forest disturbance on the growth of lianas, responses of lianas to the environmental changes and the adaption mechanisms, comprehensive evaluation on the ecological consequences of the increase of lianas by means of long-term dynamic monitoring plots and controlling experiments. It is also essential to find appropriate management and control strategies of the over-increase of lianas. We suggest that paying more attentions to the increase of lianas and the potential negative effects in secondary forest.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to determine the optimum conditions and antioxidant activity of total alkaloids from leaves Mahonia fortunei by macroporous resins, the best resins were selected by comparing the static adsorption and desorption effects of six kinds of macroporous adsorption resins on total alkaloids. The process conditions for the dynamic purification of total alkaloids were investigated, and the anti-oxidation performance of total alkaloids before and after purification was evaluated by DPPH method. The results were as follows: (1) AB-8 macroporous adsorption resins had the best purification effects. The optimum process conditions were crude herbal dose of 50 mg·mL-1, sample volume of 26 BV, sample flow rate of 2 BV·h-1, eluted successively with 3 BV water and 4 BV 50% ethanol. Under these optimized conditons, the content of total alkaloids was increased from 13.33% to 56.64%. （ 2 ） The total alkaloids had good scavenging effects on DPPH· before and after purification. The scavenging rate of DPPH· was Vc (IC50=10.39 μg·mL-1) > purified total alkaloids (IC50=39.08 μg·mL-1) > crude total alkaloids (IC50=55.28 μg·mL-1). AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin can effectively enrich the effective parts of total alkaloids from leaves of Mahonia fortunei, and the total alkaloids have certain antioxidant activities.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-06-08 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：红外相机技术目前已成为监测陆栖哺乳动物和地栖鸟类的常用技术手段。为监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区内鸟类和兽类资源，于2019年7月2020年9月，在保护区内选取30个红外相机位点共布设58台红外相机，累积工作29730个工作日，共获得99850份图像及视频数据，采集独立有效照片5744张；共观测到野生陆生脊椎动物9目19科29种，其中兽类5目10科15种，鸟类4目9科14种。观测到的动物中有国家I级重点保护野生动物雪豹（Panthera uncia），国家II级重点保护野生动物6种，分别为北山羊（Capra sibirica）、马鹿（Cervus canadensis）、猞猁（Lynx lynx）、赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）、黑鸢（Milvus migrans）以及暗腹雪鸡（Tetraogallus himalayensis）。森林生境中，兽类相对多度指数最高的是马鹿（RAI=60.569），鸟类相对多度指数最高的是山斑鸠（Streptopelia ori⁃entalis，RAI=0.854）；高山草甸及裸岩生境中，兽类相对多度指数最高的是马鹿（RAI=18.693），鸟类相对多度指数最高的是暗腹雪鸡（RAI=0.316）和黄嘴山鸦（Pyrrhocorax graculus，RAI=0.854）。物种累积曲线结果显示：兽类物种数在200 d之后几乎不再增长，而鸟类物种数在100 d之后增速放缓但一直持续增长，表明时长450 d的红外相机监测力度对保护区中的兽类而言较为充分，对鸟类而言还不够充分。研究结果可为新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区野生陆生脊椎动物多样性监测与评估提供数据参考，为该保护区的保护管理工作提供科学依据。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： Nothosaurus luopingensis n. sp. from Member II of the Guanling Formation (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Luoping, Yunnan, China is described based on a specimen comprising the skull and most of the postcranial skeleton. The specimen is assigned to Nothosaurus of Eosauropterygia as suggested by a series of skull characters, such as the maxillary tooth row extending posteriorly beyond the level of the anterior margin of the upper temporal fenestra, the longitudinal diameter of the upper temporal fenestra is more than twice as long as that of the orbit, and the presence of maxillary fangs. Compared with Lariosaurus, the following morphological features of the pectoral girdle and the limbs also support the assignment of the specimen to Nothosaurus, i.e., the clavicles with expanded anterolateral corners, the characteristically curved humerus with a straight preaxial angle and a postaxial concavity, the distinct deltopectoral crest on the proximal part of the humerus, no hyperphalangy in the manus, and the absence of pachyostosis in the vertebrae and ribs. On the other hand, the specimen possesses some postcranial features that were previously considered to occur mainly in Lariosaurus, such as there being more than three ossifications in the carpus, having four sacral ribs, and an interclavicle without any trace of a posterior stem. These postcranial characters may no longer be used as the diagnostic features of Lariosaurus. N. luopingensis is distinguished from other Nothosaurus species by a unique combination of derived characters, including that the jugal enters the orbit, the nasals are separated, the posterior end of the frontal is bifurcate, pedal digits V and IV are long and subequal in length, and the ungula phalanx is stout. Our phylogenetic analysis reconfirms the monophyly of Nothosaurus and suggest that N. luopingensis is the sister group of N. yangjuanensis within the genus.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： Shaanbeikannemeyeria is a common tetrapod from the lower part of the Ermaying Formation of the Ordos Basin, China. There are taxonomical questions surrounding this genus, such as the validity of the genus, and how many species are included within it. Several specimens have been collected since 1978. Shaanbeikannemeyeria first appeared from the top of the Heshanggou Formation. These specimens are described to clarify the diagnostic characters, the individual variations and the phylogenetic position of Shaanbeikannemeyeria. Only one species, S. xilougouensis, is recognized. It is characterized by the following autapomorphies: occiput strongly inclined relative to the palate such that the skull is much shorter basally than dorsally, sword tip-like premaxillary posterodorsal processes, tall and dorsally-convex cutting blade on the medial edge of the dorsal surface of the dentary, reflected lamina with a separated posteroventral process, and 15 dorsal vertebrae. This species shows variations on the cranial morphology, such as the occiput height relative to the width, the snout tip (sharp or obtuse), the shape of the orbital portion of the zygomatic arch, and the shape of caniniform process. Some variations could be ontogenetically related, such as the development of the caniniform process and tusk, the posterior extension of the maxilla on the zygomatic arch, the distance between the frontal and the premaxilla, the intertemporal bar width, and the exposing degree of the parietals. Based on postcranial bones, the second dicynodont genus (possibly Parakannemeyeria) is present in the lower Ermaying Formation.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Castor root rot is a root disease caused by Fusarium solani, which seriously threatens the production of castor bean. Due to the lack of resistance genes, the breeding for root rot resistance in castor bean was seriously restricted. In order to mine resistant resources and establish resistant molecular markers, the phenotypic and molecular marker identification was performed on the disease resistance of 252 castor accessions in this study. The results were as follows: (1) Irrigating roots with the conidia suspension of 1×106 spores ∙ mL-1 was an effective inoculation method. The 5-grade evaluation method based on the days of wilt after inoculation could be used as the criteria to evaluate the resistant level of accessions objectively. (2) According to the criteria, the resistance of 252 accessions were divided into five grades from high to low, among which grade 1 was high resistance and grade 2 was moderate resistance. The number of accessions with different grades from 1 to 5 were 105, 25, 33, 31 and 58 respectively, accounting for 42%, 10%, 13%, 12% and 23% respectively. 130 resistant accessions were identified, of which 105 were high resistance and 25 were moderate resistance. (3) The proportion of resistant accessions in wild accessions (66%) was much higher than that in cultivated accessions (35%). Among wild accessions from South China, 69% were resistant accessions, and 60% were high resistance accessions. It is strongly suggested that the research and utilization of wild accessions, especially the wild accessions in South China, should be an important direction of resistance breeding in the future. (4) 8 SSR markers associated with the resistance were preliminarily established. Although different resistant accessions carried different marker or marker combination, most of them carried 3 to 4 of the above markers, therefore, they can be used as resistant molecular markers for assisted selection. The results of this study provide an effective method and evaluation criteria for root rot resistance identification, screen out a number of resistance genetic resources urgently needed in breeding, and preliminarily establish the SSR markers available for assisted selection, which lay an important foundation for resistance breeding of castor bean root rot.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The naturalization and invasion of alien species have caused a serious impact on the global environment and social development, and have become a global problem faced by countries in biodiversity management and ecological conservation. China is one of the countries most seriously affected by alien invasion, and the situation is serious in the early warning ， management and governance of alien invasion. Based on field surveys and literature research, Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, an alien invasive plant of Amaranthaceae sensu lato, is first reported for flora of China. C. murale is native to the Mediterranean region and has spread to more than 40 countries in Europe, America, Africa and Oceania. It is an invasive alien plant with great harm, and it is also clearly prohibited by customs and quarantine departments. This exotic invasive plant is now found in Chenggong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. This paper describes the morphological characteristics of the species in detail, as well as brief introduction of its taxonomical history, and provides field ecological photos for identification and comparison. In addition, the possible introduction route of C. murale was analyzed, and its potential harm and invasive risks are briefly assessed. This new record clearly demonstrate that the background survey of Chinese alien invasive plants is still insufficient.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Type specimens are not only the basis and evidence of plant classification, but also important basic data for the protection and sustainable utilization of plant resources. In order to promote the full utilization and reciprocal sharing of type specimens in IBK, the species, collecting locality, collecting date and collector of them were counted and analysed respectively. The results were as follows：(1) Based on the digital information of 4 645 collections and 5 736 herbarium type specimens in IBK, there are 2 128 species of vascular plants among them, which belong to 619 genera and 170 familes (include subspecies, varieties and forms), the dominant families in the collection of type specimens include Lauraceae, Gesneriaceae, Rubiaceae, Theaceae, Orchidaceae, Urticaceae, Liliaceae, Actinidiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Ebenaceae, Ericaceae, etc. the dominant genera include Begonia, Aspidistra, Aristolochia, Ardisia, Ilex etc; (2) The type specimens were collected from 20 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and special administrative regions of China and 2 other countries. More type specimens were collected from Guangxi (48.19%), Hainan (24.14%) and Guangdong (11.63%); (3) The type specimen collection reached the peak in the 1930s and 1950s, and the peak of type specimen naming was in the 1980s, which was related to the rise of plant taxonomy in China and the compilation and research of flora of China, the average shelf life for type specimens was 21 years, and the longest shelf time is 82 years. The collection and digitization of type specimens are also discussed and prospected..
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： During the process of studying the diatom diversity of Hunan province, we found that a Cymbella species collected from Xiang River possesses the following diagnostic features: (1) Cells are small and their lengths are less than 29 μm; (2) Valves exhibit slight dorsiventrality; (3) Distal raphe fissures are dorsally deflected; (4) Apical pore fields are very small and composed of 1-3 transapical rows of porelli, which comprise two forms: one is slit-like, similar to the areolae on the valve face, and the other is rounded with internal openings covered by the flap-like silica projections; (5) Striae 10-12/10 μm at the dorsal middle part, 11-13/10 μm at the ventral middle part, and areolae 30-40/10 μm; (6) 1-2 stigmata exist near the valve ventral central area. After comparing this species with the type population of Cymbella pavanaensis Vigneshwaran et al., the current paper identifies it as C. pavanaensis. This paper provides a clearer knowledge of the ultrastructure of C. pavanaensis, enlarges its geographical distribution region, and is also its report for the first time in China.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The composition of endophytic bacteria in different tissues of Artemisia argyi var. argyi cv. Qiai, and the antibacterial activities of their secondary metabolites were the main focus of this study. The tissue culture method was used to isolate the endophytic bacteria from roots, stems and leaves of Artemisia argyi var. argyi cv. Qiai and then, the antibacterial activity of the volatiles from endophytic bacterial fermentation broth against six common pathogenic bacteria was assayed by the disk diffusion test. Meanwhile, the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) were also determined. Finally, the isolated strains were identified based on phenotypical and biochemical properties as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The results showed that, (1)among the thirteen strains isolated, strains lzy-21, lzy-20 and lzy-1 have strong capacity of producing cellulase, protease and lipase respectively. (2)The MICs of the volatiles of lzy-20 and wnn4-3 to Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis were all 16 μg·mL-1. The MBCs of the them were 32, 32, 16 μg·mL-1, 16, 32, 32 μg·mL-1, respectively. (3)The MICs of lzy-12 against Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica were 16 μg·mL-1, and the MBCs of them were 32 μg·mL-1 and 16 μg·mL-1, respectively. (4)The MICs of both lzy-17 and lzy-21 against Y. enterocolitica were 16 μg·mL-1, and the MBCs were 16 μg·mL-1 and 32 μg·mL-1 respectively. Strain lzy-1 was identified as Acinetobacter pittii, which was isolated from plants for the first time. lzy-20, lzy-21, wnn4-3, lzy-12, and lzy-17 were identified as Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus koreensis, Bacillus siamensis, Luteibacter pinisoli, and Paenarthrobacter Nicotinovorans, respectively. The above results lay a foundation for making full use of endophytic bacteria resources to produce industrial enzymes, and further exploring the mechanisms of how endophytic bacteria interact with Artemisia argyi var. argyi cv. Qiai.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to explore the relationship between the aboveground biomass of karst secondary forest land and environmental factors, we took the typical secondary forest sample of karst Tianlong mountain in Puding County, Central Guizhou as the research object, adopted the aboveground biomass model of single species and different diameter groups to calculate the biomass of dominant species and community, used the spatial distribution map to describe the spatial distribution of environmental factors and aboveground biomass of community, and used the correlation test (person) General linear model (GLM) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to discuss the relationship between community, life form, species aboveground biomass and environmental factors. The results were as follow: (1) The total aboveground biomass of karst secondary forest group was 106.94 t穐m-2, and the aboveground biomass of dominant species accounts for 91.77% of the whole sample plot. The aboveground biomass of evergreen plants was higher than that of deciduous plants. The aboveground biomass of Lithocarpus confinis and Platycarya strobilacea accounted for the highest proportion in the community, 34.23% and 34.37% respectively; (2) The spatial distribution of rock exposure rate showed obvious upper and lower gradient difference, the upper slope was significantly greater than the lower slope, and the spatial distribution of slope and soil thickness was discontinuous and has no obvious law; (3) There was a significant positive correlation between aboveground biomass and soil thickness, and their spatial distribution tends to be consistent. Soil thickness was the main influencing factor of aboveground biomass of the community, and the influence of rock exposure rate and slope on aboveground biomass of the community was low; (4) For different life forms, the influence of rock exposure rate on aboveground biomass was the highest, and the influence of soil thickness and slope on evergreen plants was greater than that of defoliation; (5) For different species, the correlation between environmental factors and aboveground biomass was complex. Most species were positively correlated with soil thickness. Platycarya strobilacea and Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum were positively correlated with rock exposure rate and slope respectively. In conclusion, the vegetation restoration of secondary forest in the study area is slow, and soil thickness is the main influencing factor of aboveground biomass of the community. However, for different life forms and species, the response of aboveground biomass to the environment will be affected by biological factors such as life form differences, species habitat preferences and interspecific relationships.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To explore the effects of different concentrations of melatonin on physiological and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of wheat seedlings. The growth morphology, photosynthetic, fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity of wheat seedings treated with different concentrations of melatonin were determined by using Liangxing 99 as experimental material. The results were as follows: (1) 0.1 μmol·L-1 melatonin significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity of wheat plants, Chlorophyll a (Chl a), Chlorophyll b (Chl b) and Chlorophyll (a+b) [Chl (a+b)] increased to the maximum value when melatonin concentration was 0.1 μmol·L-1. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters include parameters of quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation Y (NPQ), the electron transport rate (ETR) and non photochemical quenching (NPQ) also reaches the maximum at 0.1 μmol·L-1. The PSⅡ maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and maximum photochemical conversion potential (Fv/Fo) decreased with the increase of melatonin concentratio. Photochemical quenching (qL) decreased first and then increased with the increase of melatonin. (2) Compared with CK (0 μmol·L-1), low melatonin concentration significantly decreased peroxidase (POD) activity in wheat and decreased catalase (CAT) activity in wheat leaves, high melatonin concentration significantly increased POD activity in wheat. Low concentration of melatonin treatment significantly reduced the catalase (CAT) activity in wheat leaves by compared with CK. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in wheat roots decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of melatonin concentration. In conclusion, it suggested that appropriate melatonin treatment can promote the growth of wheat and maintain the photosynthetic capacity of wheat at a high level. Enzymes including POD and CAT can also regulate oxidative stress induced by different concentrations of melatonin in wheat seedlings. This study laid a foundation for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of melatonin in wheat.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The plants that comprise the vegetation of chinese subtropics are diverse with respect to geographical distribution patterns. Understanding how the plants with different geographical distribution patterns that live together in this region differ in their ecological niches, would advance our knowledge of species coexistence mechanisms. Here, based on the data of woody angiosperm community composition in eight broad-leaved forest dynamics plots widely distributed in the chinese subtropics, by adopting statistical methods such as phylogenetic linear model and analysis of variance (ANOVA), we examined the differences in life history traits, including leaf habit and growth form, as well as ecological behaviors (i.e., Ellenberg indicator values), between the plants of temperate distribution genera and the plants of tropical distribution genera. We found that (1) for the 265 study genera, genus distribution pattern showed a significant phylogenetic signal (i.e., Pagel's λ = 0.935, P< 0.001). (2) The genera of temperate distribution pattern comprised a higher ratio of deciduous broad-leaved plants and trees than the genera of tropical distribution pattern. (3) The plants of temperate distribution genera exist in environments with high light, low temperature and water compared with the plants of tropical distribution genera, regardless of the effects of leaf habit and growth form were controlled or not. (4) For all the plants, or for each leaf habit or growth form group separately, the ratio of species richness of the temperate distribution genera to the tropical distribution genera in the forest was controlled by mean annual temperature (MAT). The findings imply that the plants of temperate and tropical distribution genera differed in both their life history traits as well as their ecological behaviors, and the geographical turnover of plants of these two distribution patterns in the chinese subtropical broad-leaved forests was largely controlled by MAT.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Primula is an important genus of Primulaceae, which has high ornamental value because of diverse flower colors and long flowering period. In order to provide palynology basis for the taxonomy of this genus, we observed and compared the pollen morphological characteristics of 10 Primula species from the Sygera Mountains in Tibet by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Moreover, clustering analysis was carried out on the basis of these characteristics of pollen morphology. The results were as follows: (1) Pollen shapes of 10 Primula species varied from oblate to nearly spherical. Among these species, the pollen of P. calderiana was the biggest, and the smallest was that of P. kongboensis. The germinal aperture of P. tibetica was stephanocolpate type. The other pollens usually were tricolporate type, most of the colpus converged to form parasynocolpus in the polar region. (2) The pollen exine ornamentation were mostly foveolate or reticulate, which of P. chungensis and P. tibetica were coarsely reticulate. (3) In traditional classification, 10 species belong to 7 sections respectively. Clustering analysis based on pollen characteristics showed a certain level of consistency with the traditional classification. However, P. tibetica and P. kongboensis, both belonging to Sect. Aleuritia, maintained a relatively distant relationship due to their obvious differences in pollen traits. The preliminary results show that there are interspecific differences in the pollen morphology of 10 Primula species, which can provide a certain degree of reference for classification of plants. But it should be reminded that in addition to pollen characteristics, morphology and molecular biology still need to be comprehensively considered in classification.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The distribution characteristics and internal links of soil enzyme activities, nutrient content and woody plant diversity in negative topographic habitats of Tiankeng were studied, which provided a theoretical basis for the protection and reconstruction of plant resources in karst areas. The Tiankeng forests of the Dashiwei Tiankeng group in Guangxi were selected as the object. Based on the community diversity survey and soil habitat survey from the inner and top area to the outer area of Tiankeng, the relationship between species diversity and soil factors of woody plants was explored by correlation analysis and redundancy analysis methods. The results were as follows: (1) There were 21 species, 31 genera and 20 families of woody plants in the inside area of Tiankeng, 91 species, 58 genera and 58 families of woody plants in the top area of Tiankeng, and 47 species, 30 genera and 30 families of woody plants in the outside area of Tiankeng. The Margalef index and Patrick index in the inside area of Tiankeng were significantly lower than those in the top and outside area of Tiankeng, indicating that the individuals of species increased, but the species distribution was steady; (2) The total soil nitrogen content in the outside area of Tiankeng was significantly higher than those in the top and outside area of Tiankeng. The soil total magnesium content, soil phosphorus content and soil available phosphorus content in the inside area of Tiankeng were significantly higher than those in the top and outside area of Tiankeng. The soil alkaline phosphatase content and soil urease activities in the outside area of Tiankeng were significantly higher than those in the top and inside area of Tiankeng. The soil phosphorus content in the Tiankeng was higher, but the soil enzyme activities were lower; (3) The results of Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that species diversity was strongly correlated with soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities. In conclusion, it can be seen that the habitats of the Tiankeng have a great influence on the species diversity, soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient content distribution characteristics. And the soil available phosphorus content, soil alkaline phosphatase activity, soil moisture content, soil urease activity, soil full magnesium content and soil total phosphorus content are the key factors affecting the species diversity of woody plants in the Tiankeng forest.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： As an important high-quality rice resource in Guizhou province, Dalixiang has a large planting area, and has brought higher economic benefits to society in the process of rural revitalization. However, there are few theoretical researches on the genomics of Dalixiang. In order to reveal the characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of chloroplast genome of large grain perfume rice, the chloroplasts of grancas fragrances were sequenced and their genomic characteristics were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The chloroplast genome of Dalixiang was 134 563 bp, including LSC(80 864 bp),SSC(12 347 bp)and two IRs(20 676 bp). (2) There were 129 genes annotated in the chloroplast genome of Dalixiang, which could be divided into protein coding, tRNA and rRNA, with 85, 36 and 8 genes respectively. (3) Codon bias analysis of Dalixiang showed that leucine was most frequently used and that cysteine was used least frequently, and most codons ended in A/U(T). (4) The total number of SSR loci in the cpDNA of Dalixiang was 129, ninety-five of which are mononucleotide and most of SSR was composed of nucleobase A/T. (5) Phylogenetic analysis shows an affiliation relationship between Dalixiang and Tropical Japonica. This study reveals the characteristic information of Dalixiang chloroplast genome, and identifies the phylogenetic status of Dalixiang.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-06-07 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： FIT (FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR) is a key regulator of Fe homeostasis, which is up-regulated under Fe deficiency conditions, however,the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the transcript levels of FIT was determined in the single and dual overexpression plants for bHLH38 and FIT, as well as the bHLH Ib quadruple mutant. Under Fe sufficient conditions, FIT increased in the bHLH38 overexpression plants compared with in the wild type plants. The transcription of FIT did not respond to Fe deficiency in the bHLH Ib quadruple mutant. The overexpression of FIT could not activate the transcription of native FIT, and the dual overexpression of FIT and bHLH38 promoted the transcription of native FIT under Fe sufficient conditions. There was no difference for the expression of FIT between the transgenic or mutant plants and wild type plants under Fe deficiency conditions. Taken together, these data suggest that bHLH Ib transcription factors are necessary, but not sufficient, for the upregulation of FIT by Fe deficiency.
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