Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在比较不同品种类型玉米（Zea mays）不同器官和全株的生物产量，以提高玉米定向培育的选择效率。选择32种具有代表性的玉米优良品种为试验材料，根据淀粉性质、籽实外形、成熟性质和用途4种分类方法，分别对完熟期玉米的籽实、玉米芯、苞叶、叶片、叶鞘、茎秆及全株的鲜物质、风干物质、干物质以及粗蛋白质和总能产量进行比较。每个品种选择5个地块，每个地块选取10株玉米。结果表明：玉米的籽实、玉米芯、苞叶、叶片、叶鞘、茎秆和全株的鲜物质、风干物质、干物质、粗蛋白质和总能产量不同品种类型间差异均显著（P0.05）。按用途分类，不同品种类型玉米不同器官和全株生物产量（玉米籽实的风干物质、干物质和总能产量除外）均差异显著（P红粒玉米>普通玉米>糯玉米。对广泛种植的普通玉米和饲用玉米进行比较，以普通玉米产量为100.0%，饲用玉米籽实、玉米芯、苞叶、叶片、叶鞘、茎秆和全株的鲜物质产量分别为121.9%、164.2%、175.5%、149.0%、151.7%、168.8%和149.9%；风干物质产量分别为107.9%、143.7%、155.1%、139.4%、126.1%、162.0%和129.1%；干物质产量分别为107.5%、143.4%、155.0%、139.5%、125.7%、162.0%和129.21%；粗蛋白质产量分别为119.0%、142.9%、181.5%、161.6%、122.0%、137.4%和131.7%；总能产量分别为107.7%、143.8%、155.0%、139.4%、126.1%、162.0%和129.1%。玉米籽实干物质、粗蛋白质和总能产量占玉米全株的比例，普通玉米分别为47.75%、57.87%和48.49%，饲用玉米分别为39.72%、52.36%和40.48%。由此得出，普通玉米全株饲喂，是“粮改饲”的最基本的策略，而饲用玉米籽实和全株生物产量都高于普通玉米，种植饲用玉米可以增加30%左右的土地利用。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)污染饲粮对断奶小母猪卵巢指数及孕激素受体的阳性分布和mRNA表达量的影响。选择40头25~28日龄健康三元杂交（杜×长×大）断奶小母猪按平均体重[（14.01±0.86） kg]随机分为4个组，采用单笼饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg的ZEA，4个组ZEA的测定值分别为0、（0.52±0.07）、（1.04±0.03）和（1.51±0.13） mg/kg。预饲10 d，正试期35 d。结果表明：随着饲粮ZEA水平的升高，断奶小母猪卵巢指数呈一次线性升高（P<0.01）；1.0 mg/kg ZEA组的卵巢指数显著高于1.5 mg/kg ZEA组（P<0.05），1.5 mg/kg ZEA组的卵巢指数显著高于0.5 mg/kg ZEA组和对照组（P<0.05）。随着饲粮ZEA水平的升高，断奶小母猪卵巢孕激素受体累积光密度（IOD）和mRNA相对表达量均呈一次线性升高（P<0.01）；1.5 mg/kg ZEA组的孕激素受体IOD和mRNA相对表达量显著高于1.0 mg/kg ZEA组（P<0.05），1.0 mg/kg ZEA组又显著高于0.5 mg/kg ZEA组和对照组（P<0.05）。免疫组化结果显示断奶小母猪卵巢中孕激素受体免疫阳性物质主要分布于原始卵泡和生长卵泡的卵母细胞及颗粒细胞、卵泡膜细胞及血管壁细胞。随着饲粮ZEA水平的升高和卵泡闭锁程度的增加，免疫阳性反应明显增强，但卵巢内孕激素受体免疫阳性物质的分布位置没有因ZEA的水平发生明显改变。由此可见，ZEA（1.0～1.5 mg/kg）可以通过调控断奶小母猪卵巢中孕激素受体的高水平表达，使孕激素受体的水平超出正向调节卵泡生长的限值，从而促使卵泡闭锁，降低卵巢指数，改变卵巢发育，进而影响断奶小母猪生殖系统的健康。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：机体内生理活动程序化的有序运行均依赖于不同信号传导通路之间的相互协调，其中Wnt（名称来源于果蝇无翅基因Wingless和小鼠致癌基因int-1）信号通路受到学者们的广泛关注，已经成为分子生物学和细胞生物学领域的研究热点。本文研究了Wnt/β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）信号通路在哺乳动物子宫发育中的调控作用及其机制 ，综述了糖原合酶激酶-3β（glycogen synthase kinase 3β，GSK-3β）、结肠腺瘤样息肉基因（adenomatous polyposis coli，APC）、支架蛋白（Axin）和成骨细胞抑制因子（Dkk）对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的调控机制及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的核内激活，旨在进一步揭示子宫内调节机制，并为子宫疾病的治疗提供借鉴。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）对断奶母仔猪血清酶、代谢产物和肠道形态的影响。选取28日龄平均体重为（14.01±0.86） kg、健康的三元杂交（杜×长×大）雌性断奶仔猪40头，随机分为4组，每组10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验1组、试验2组和试验3组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA。预试期10 d，正试期35 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，各试验组的谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性显著升高（P<0.05）；试验2组的血清总胆固醇含量显著升高（P<0.05）；试验3组血清尿素氮和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）含量显著升高（P<0.05），总蛋白含量则显著降低（P<0.05）。2）与对照组相比，试验组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度都显著增大（P<0.05）。试验1组和试验2组十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高（P<0.05），空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著降低（P<0.05），回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值都显著升高（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比，试验组十二指肠绒毛高度明显增大且排列疏松无序，小肠腺数量减少，黏膜厚度变薄。4）与对照组相比，试验组空肠绒毛高度增大，小肠腺数量减少，并且试验2组和试验3组空肠上皮脱落固有层裸露。5）与对照组相比，试验1组和试验2组回肠绒毛高度增大且黏膜下层内弥散淋巴细胞增多。由此可见，饲粮中添加ZEA（0.5～1.5 mg/kg）改变了断奶母仔猪的肝脏代谢和肠道的形态结构，进而影响断奶母仔猪的健康生长。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract： The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of zearalenone (ZEA) on serum enzymes and metabolite and intestinal morphology of weaned gilts. Forty healthy weaned gilts (Duroc譒andrace譟orkshire) aged 28 days with body weight of (14.01�.86) kg were randomly allocated into 4 groups (10 replicates per group, 1 pig per replicate). Weaned gilts in the control group were fed a basal diet, and those in the experiment groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed ZEA contaminated diet with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg ZEA supplementation, respectively. The experiment included 10 days pretrial period and then 35 days test period. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in experimental groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), serum total cholesterol content in experimental group 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of serum urea nitrogen and high-density lipoprotein in experimental group 3 were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the serum total protein content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the villus height and crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum in experimental groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). In the experimental groups 1 and 2, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum was significantly increased (P<0.05), the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in jejunum was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in jejunum were significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the villus height in duodenum of experimental groups was significantly increased, and the arrangement of them were loose and disordered. The number of small intestinal glands was decreased and the mucosal thickness became thinner. 4) Compared with the control group, the villus height and the number of small intestinal glands in jejunum of experimental groups was decreased, and the jejunal epithelium of experimental groups 2 and 3 was denuded and the lamina propria was exposed. 5) Compared with the control group, the villus height in ileum of experimetal groups 2 and 3 was increased, and the number of diffuse lymphatic cells in the submucosa was increased. Therefore, dietary ZEA (0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) can change the liver metabolism and intestinal morphology of weaned gilts, thereby affecting the healthy growth of weaned gilts.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：为了研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone，ZEA）污染饲粮对断奶小母猪生产性能、血清抗氧化功能、血清抗体水平及外周血淋巴细胞增殖率的影响。将40头健康三元杂交（杜×长×大）断奶小母猪按日龄[（35±1）日龄]和平均体重[（14.01±0.86） kg]分为4组，对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5、1.0及1.5 mg/kg ZEA[ZEA的测定值分别为(0.52±0.07) mg/kg、(1.04±0.03) mg/kg和(1.51±0.13) mg/kg]。预试期7 d，正试期35 d。结果表明：饲粮ZEA对断奶小母猪平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比没有显著影响（P>0.05）。与对照组相比，ZEA显著降低了血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px，0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA）活性、猪瘟（1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA）和伪狂犬病病毒抗体水平（1.5 mg/kg ZEA）以及外周血淋巴细胞增殖率（1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA）（P<0.05），而显著升高了血清丙二醛（MDA，0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA）含量（P<0.05）。随着饲粮中ZEA水平的升高，断奶小母猪的料重比呈一次线性降低趋势（P=0.075），血清GSH-Px、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，血清病毒（猪瘟、伪狂犬病和高致病性猪蓝耳病病毒）抗体水平和外周血淋巴细胞增殖率均呈一次线性降低（P<0.05），而血清MDA含量则呈一次线性升高（P<0.05）。由此可见，饲粮中0.5 mg/kg的ZEA足以诱导小母猪的氧化应激反应，1.0 mg/kg的ZEA能够显著降低断奶小母猪的特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫功能。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract： The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of zearalenone on ovary index, distribution and mRNA expression of progesterone receptors in ovaries of weaned gilts. Forty healthy weaned piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large White) aged of 25 to 28 days were allocated into 4 groups according to the average body weight [(14.01 ± 0.86) kg]. Animals were fed individually in a metabolic cage for 35 days after 10 days adaptation. Piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet, and in experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg ZEA, respectively. The analyzed ZEA levels in four groups were 0, （0.52±0.07）, （1.04±0.03） and （1.51±0.13） mg/kg. The results indicated that ovary index showed a linear increase (P<0.01) with the ZEA level increasing in the diet of weaned gilts. The ovary index in 1.0 mg/kg ZEA group was significantly higher than that in 1.5 mg/kg ZEA group (P<0.05), and the ovary index in 1.5 mg/kg ZEA group was significantly higher than that in 0.5 mg/kg ZEA group and the control group (P<0.05). The integrated optical density (IOD) and mRNA relative expression of progesterone receptors in ovaries of weaned gilts showed a linear increase (P<0.01) with the ZEA level increasing in the diet of weaned gilts. The IOD and mRNA relative expression of progesterone receptors in 1.5 mg/kg ZEA group was significantly higher than that in 1.0 mg/kg ZEA group, and the IOD and mRNA relative expression of progesterone receptors in 1.0 mg/kg ZEA group was significantly higher than that in 0.5 mg/kg ZEA group and the control group (P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the immunoreactive substance of progesterone receptors in ovaries was mainly distributed in oocytes and granulosa cells, theca cells and vascular wall cells of primordial follicles and growing follicles. With the increase of ZEA level and the degree of follicular atresia, immunoreactivity was significantly enhanced. There was no significant change in the distribution of immunoreactive substance of progesterone receptors in the ovary, due to the presence of ZEA. Thus it can be seen that ZEA (1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg) in feed changes the development of ovary by up-regulating the expression of progesterone receptors. The levels of progesterone receptors exceed the limit of positive regulation of follicular growth, thus promoting follicular atresia, reducing the ovary index, and then the healthy of reproductive system is affected.
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