分类： 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间： 2022-09-29 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： Abundant mammalian fossils were uncovered during the field exploration for Nihewan beds at the beginning of the 1980s along Xinyaozi Ravine at Nangaoya Township of Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province in North China. But most equid material was not yet described except that of Equus stenonis. Six forms of Nihewanian equids were confirmed from the Xinyaozi specimens in the present study, five of which were described for the first time. They include four stenonids such as Equus sanmeniensis, E. teilhardi, E. huanghoensis and E. stenonis, and two hipparionines such as Hipparion (Proboscidipparion) sinense and H. (Plesiohiparrion) shanxiense. The diversification of stenonids in the Early Pleistocene was significant in North China with four taxa in Xinyaozi alone. The persistence of Neogene relics such as hipparionines was still present in the Early Pleistocene with two hipparionine taxa in Xinyaozi. Equus sanmeniensis and H. (Proboscidipparion) sinense were two representative equids not only coexisted in the Early Pleistocene but also widely distributed in China. The diversity of equids also implies the diversified vegetation on which they depended. The hypsodont dentitions and well developed cement, as well as completely molarized premolars of Xinyaozi equids indicate their abrasive diet mostly on monocotyledonous and grassland habitats with considerable scales enough to nourish six taxa of equids.
分类： 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间： 2022-04-16 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： Shanshenmiaozui site in Nihewan Basin in North China is a recently discovered Early Pleistocene site which yields rich and diverse mammalian fossils. In the fauna, the small and medium-sized bovid fossils are well represented and can be referred to the following taxa: Spirocerus wongi, Gazella sinensis, Ovis shantungensis and Megalovis piveteaui respectively, among which G. sinensis is the dominate species. S. wongi and G. sinensis are mainly represented by horn-cores and partial skull bones as well as mandibles; in addition, metacarpal and/or metatarsal bones were also recognized for all of the four species. The horn-cores are easy to be identified to the species level, while the dentitions and the postcranial bones underwent a series of examinations and comparisons before getting properly determined and referred to the most approximate taxa. Among the postcranial bones, the metapodials, especially to the metacarpal bones special attentions were paid, which are crucial not only for taxonomic identification, but also for phylogenetic and paleoecological reconstructions; the previously misidentified metapodial specimens in Nihewan fauna were reconsidered in this paper. In the SSMZ fauna, the bovid guild is dominated by Gazella and Bison, which indicates steppe was the most important biome in Nihewan Basin during Early Pleistocene.
分类： 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间： 2021-07-21 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： Abundant mammalian fossils were uncovered during the field exploration for Nihewan beds at the beginning of the 1980s along Xinyaozi Ravine at Nangaoya Township of Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province in North China and the studied taxa indicate an age of the early Early Pleistocene. Recent studies on the rhino material not yet described show that there are at least two species of rhinocerotids: Elasmotherium peii and Coelodonta nihowanensis. There might be a third taxon provisionally named as Stephanorhinus cf. S. kirchbergensis due to incompleteness of the specimens. Since its morphometric characters are between S. kirchbergensis and C. nihowanensis, it might be a variety of one of the two species although it is more similar to the former than the latter. In the same way, The rhino specimens from Xiashagou named as Rhinoceros sinensis (?) by Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau (1930) might be a variety of S. kirchbergensis or C. nihowanensis. The rhinocerotids uncovered so far from the Early Pleistocene deposits in the generalized Nihewan Basin including two certain species and two uncertain ones. The localities yielding E. peii include Xiashagou, Shanshenmiaozhui, Daheigou and Xinyaozi; those yielding C. nihowanensis include Xiashagou, Danangou, Donggutuo, Shanshenmiaozhui and Xinyaozi. R. sinensis (?) appeared only at Xiashagou and Stephanorhinus cf. S. kirchbergensis only at Xinyaozi.
分类： 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间： 2020-03-31 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： Many cervid specimens were uncovered during the field exploration for Nihewan beds at the beginning of the 1980s from Taijiaping, Shuichongkou and Dazhuangke localities along Xinyaozi Ravine at Nangaoya Township of Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province in North China. Recent studies on the cervid material identified seven species of Cervidae in total: Muntiacus bohlini, Cervavitus cf. C. huadeensis, Axis shansius, Nipponicervus elegans, Elaphurus davidianus predavidianus, E. bifurcatus from the Early Pleistocene deposits at Taijiaping and Shuichongkou localities, and Cervus (Elaphus) elaphus from uncertain horizon at Dazhuangke. At least the previous six species of cervids were from Nihewan Formation (Nihewanian or equivalent to European middle and late Villafranchian), i.e. the Early Pleistocene, in Sangganhe Basin area.Cervavitus cf. C. huadeensis and A. shansius were survivors from the Late Neogene; M. bohlini,N. elegans, E. davidianus predavidianus and E. bifurcatus are new forms of the Early Pleistocene.If Dazhuangke horizon can be dated as those of Shuichongkou and Taijiaping localities, the appearance of elaphoid cervids could be traced back to the Early Pleistocene, and the evolution of elaphoid antler would start from absence to presence of bez tine. The presence of Elaphurus and Nipponicervus in mainland China and Japanese archipelago implies further that the sea level was dropped down that these cervids could migrate from the mainland to the islands. The abundance of folivorous cervid specimens in the Xinyaozi Ravine area indicates the existence of a certain scale of forested environment in Sangganhe Basin area during the Early Pleistocene.
分类： 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间： 2019-08-26 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： The Nihewan Basin has been well known for its Cezonoic fossiliferous fluviolacustrine deposits and paleolithic sites for almost a century. There have been considerable research efforts devoted to the understanding of the geology, chronology, and stratigraphy of this complex of sedimentary body. The current fundamental problem lies in the chronological aspect of the Nihewan Beds. Arvicolinae and Myospalacinae are two groups of rodents characterized by rapid evolutionary rates and quantifiable evolutionary trends, and hence particularly helpful in Late Cenozoic biostratigraphic correlations. Therefore, we briefly describe three new species of Arvicolinae and two new species of Myospalacinae that mainly came from the selected sections in the Nihewan Basin. Hopefully, they would contribute towards the establishment of the biostratigraphic framework of the Nihewan Basin and provide new evidence on the chronological understanding of the Nihewan Beds from an evolutionary point of view.
分类： 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间： 2017-11-07 合作期刊: 《古脊椎动物学报》
摘要： New specimens from a new locality at Chutoulang in eastern Nei Mongol were identified as Canis chihliensis, Coelodonta nihowanensis, Hipparion (Proboscidipparion) sinense, Equus sanmeniensis, Sus lydekkeri, Muntiacus cf. M. lacustris, Axis shansius, Eucladoceros boulei, Spirocerus cf. S. wongi and Bison palaeosinensis. They enriched the mammalian fauna of Chutoulang to 30 taxa together with the material from Dongliang, Dongcun Beigou and Dongcun Nangou localities. The mammalian fossils from these four localities are all from the same horizon and can be regarded as the same fauna, i.e. Chutoulang fauna. The composition of Chutoulang fauna is the closest to that of Nihewan (s.s.) by binary faunal similarity coefficients. The age of Chutoulang fauna is between those of Nihewan (s.s.) and Juyuandong at Liucheng according to Brainerd-Robinson’s sequence, extinction rates and antiquity coefficients. The numerical age of Chutoulang fauna is estimated between 1.4–1.6 Ma based on those of compared faunas. Carnivora are the most numerous in Chutoulang fauna with 11 taxa, but mostly the small sized ones. Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla make about half of the fauna. They are mostly large sized forms. The presence of numerous browsers or forest dwellers implies the existence of forest or woodland in Chutoulang area during that period. The presence of grazers and openland dwellers indicates the existence of larger area of grassland or steppes than that of woodland or forests. Most members of Chutoulang fauna are temperate habitat dwellers with a few cold-prone forms such as Ochotona and Coelodonta. The climate in Chutoulang area in the Early Pleistocene was thus similar to that of today. Chutoulang fauna is the most northeastern Early Pleistocene fauna in China and it can be recommended as a type site of the Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna in northeastern China.
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