Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-03-30 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Phenological changes caused by global warming have already impacted global biodiversity and ecosystems. Compared to temperate and boreal zones, subtropical phenology has been studied relatively less. It remains largely unknown that how autumn phenology response to climate change and how the responses vary among different functional groups. In order to investigate the spring and autumn phenological responses of subtropical plants to climate change and whether the responses vary in different functional groups, an 20-year observational phenological datasets for 25 woody species in Changsha, Hunan Province was used, and based on the AIC information standard, the best temperature and precipitation models of each species were selected. Wilcoxon test was applied to analyze the consistency of species’ responses to temperature for different functional groups. The results showed that (1) Leaf-out time and flowering time were significantly responded to temperature for most species by advancing their leaf-out time and flowering time on average 3.76 d/°C and 6.53 d/°C, respectively. Leaf-coloration and defoliation time were significantly responded to temperature for parts of the species by delaying on average, 16.66 d/°C and 3.50 d/°C, respectively. (2) Only part of the species showed significant response to precipitation in spring（leaf-out phenology: 60%; flowering phenology: 35%）and autumn (leaf-coloring phenology: 25%; defoliation phenology: 13%). (3) There were no significant differences in response to temperature change among different functional groups, except species of different deciduousness showed a significant difference in response to temperature change. We concluded that the spring phenology of plants in the subtropics was significantly advanced and the autumn phenology was significantly delayed and different functional groups converge on their response to climate change.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-12-19 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Clematis L. is one of the major genera of Ranunculaceae, which has important horticultural and medicinal value. In order to discuss the chromosome evolution law of Clematis plants, reveal the genetic relationship among sections and species, a karyotypes analysis in 21 Clematis taxa were observed . In this study, the root tips of 21 groups of Clematis were treated and pressed by conventional pressing method, the morphological characteristics of chromosomes were observed, karyotype was analyzed, and cluster analysis was carried out by ward connection method. C. kirilowii var. chanetii, C. puberula var. tenuisepala, C. tubulosa, C. tibetana and C. peterae are reported for the first time. The results were as follows: All the 21 taxa of Clematis were diploid with x = 8 (2n = 2x = 16), the genome of each taxon had at least one pair of statelites except C. tibetana. The chromosome of C. fusca, C. peterae, C. macropetala, C. aethusifolia, C. puberula var. tenuisepala, C. flammula were ‘2B’ type, C. acerifolia, C. fruticose, C. heracleifolia, C. intricate, C. grandidentata, C. brevicaudata, C. puberula var. tenuisepala, C. glauca, C. hexapetala, C. kirilowii, C. kirilowii var. chanetii, C. alpina var. ochotensis, C. tangutica, C. tibetana, C. tubulosa, C. vitalba were ‘2A’ type. The karyotype asymmetry coefficient ranged from 60.29% to 63.79%. The chromosomes of Clematis are primitive, and the karyotypes vary widely among species. Through the above research, we can draw the following conclusions: The chromosome number of Clematis evolved from diploid to polyploid, and then aneuploidy was produced through the Polyploid diploidization process. The chromosome evolution of Clematis is mainly carried out at the diploid level, which is realized by generating chromosome structural variation, and evolved through four ways: generating heterozygous chromosomes, strengthening karyotype asymmetry, chromosome type change and satelite chromosome change. At the same time, the karyotype characteristics of Clematis were basically consistent with the traditional classification at the section level and species level, which indicated that karyotype analysis can provide theoretical basis for the classification of Clematis.Results of the present study have significant scientific values in the further studies on the resources utilization taxonomy and phylogenetics in genus Clematis.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-04-03 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：为研究木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)不同品种花粉形态的多样性及其亲缘关系，本研究以22 个木槿品种的花粉为材料，通过扫描电镜进行形态特征及外壁纹饰观测，然后使用R 型聚类分析和主成分分析提取合适的指标进行UPGMA 聚类分析。研究结果如下：（1）木槿的花粉均为单粒近球形，直径为148.98 μm-111.65 μm；表面具有刺状纹饰，长度为27.42 μm-14.79 μm，刺先端较尖，细刺周围均匀分布散孔；花粉表面分布有颗粒状突起，萌发孔性状不规则。（2）对测量指标提取主成分后进行UPGMA 聚类分析，当欧氏平均距离阈值为6 时，22 个木槿品种被分为6 大类，单瓣蓝紫色品种‘蓝鸟’、‘单瓣紫粉’、‘细叶’等亲缘关系较近，半重瓣品种‘薰衣草雪纺’、‘中国雪纺’、‘粉色雪纺’等亲缘关系较近，而‘木桥’、‘汉帛’等粉白色单瓣木槿品种亲缘关系相对较近。本研究认为木槿种内蓝紫色品种相对较为原始，白色半重瓣品种次之，紫色半重瓣品种相对较为进化，白色单瓣品种进化程度更高。本研究结果为木槿种内遗传演化、分类地位以及亲缘关系的鉴定提供了依据。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：肠道屏障功能主要是通过调节黏蛋白和紧密连接（TJ）蛋白的合成来实现的，这对维持动物肠道健康和生产性能至关重要。作为先天性免疫系统的重要组成部分，宿主防御肽（HDPs）在黏膜防御中发挥着重要作用。肠道中的HDPs缺乏与屏障功能障碍和稳态失调有关。HDPs通过直接诱导多种黏蛋白和TJ蛋白的表达来增强肠道屏障功能。HDPs的诱导化合物有改善动物肠道形态、生产性能和饲料转化率的功能。本综述将从HDPs对黏蛋白和TJ蛋白的转录调控作用、肠道屏障的分子调控机制以及动物生产性能的影响等方面进行综合阐述。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同配比的复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响。选用320只1日龄健康的雄性爱拨益加（AA）肉仔鸡，随机分为4组，每组4个重复，每个重复20只。Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组为试验组，饲喂基础饲粮+1 000 mg/kg复合益生菌制剂，复合益生菌制剂中枯草芽孢杆菌：酿酒酵母：嗜酸乳杆菌：乳双歧杆菌分别为2:1:1:1、1:2:1:1、1:1:1.5:1.5。试验期42 d。结果表明：1）Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和钙的表观利用率均显著高于对照组（P0.05）。由此可知，在基础饲粮中添加不同配比的复合益生菌制剂均可改善肉仔鸡的养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同配比的复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响。选用320只1日龄健康的雄性爱拨益加（AA）肉仔鸡，随机分为4组，每组4个重复，每个重复20只。Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组为试验组，饲喂基础饲粮+1 000 mg/kg复合益生菌制剂，复合益生菌制剂中枯草芽孢杆菌：酿酒酵母：嗜酸乳杆菌：乳双歧杆菌分别为2:1:1:1、1:2:1:1、1:1:1.5:1.5。试验期42 d。结果表明：1）Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和钙的表观利用率均显著高于对照组（P0.05）。由此可知，在基础饲粮中添加不同配比的复合益生菌制剂均可改善肉仔鸡的养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在通过研究酵母硒对大口黑鲈生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构的影响，评价大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性。在基础饲料中分别添加0（Y0）、0.5（Y0.5）、2.5（Y2.5）、5.0 mg/kg（Y5.0）（以硒计）酵母硒，其中0.5是硒的最高推荐剂量，2.5和5.0 mg/kg分别是最高推荐剂量（0.5 mg/kg）的5和10倍。基础饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg。选用初始体重为（12.99±0.01） g大口黑鲈，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复20尾，试验期为10周。结果表明：Y0组增重率和摄食率最低，同时其饲料系数也最低，均显著低于其余各组（P0.05)。硒日摄入量和肝脏硒含量呈显著线性相关（P<0.05），肝脏硒含量随硒日摄入量的提高呈线性增加。各组大口黑鲈的肝脏都有不同程度的损伤，但添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒对肝脏损伤有缓减作用。由上述结果可知，饲料中添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒（总硒含量为1.29 mg/kg）对大口黑鲈具有一定的脂肪代谢促进作用和抗氧化保护功能，且对大口黑鲈是安全的。本试验条件下，综合生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构，饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg时，大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受剂量为0.5 mg/kg（以硒计），即为硒的最高推荐剂量，安全系数为1。鱼粉、磷虾粉等动物蛋白质源中含有较高水平的硒元素，因此在高鱼粉水产动物饲料中补充硒要慎重。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：为研究饲料中胆固醇含量对淡水养殖条件下凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长性能性能、抗弧菌和抗亚硝态氮胁迫能力的影响，在10%鱼粉的基础上设计胆固醇添加量分别为0（C0组）、1（C1组）、2（C2组）、3（C3组）和4 g/kg（C4组）的等氮等能饲料（实测饲料中胆固醇含量依次为0.78、1.57、2.45、3.43和4.18 g/kg），分别投喂初始体重为（0.160±0.002） g的凡纳滨对虾50 d。每种试验饲喂投喂4个网箱，每个网箱养殖凡纳滨对虾50尾。养殖试验结束后检测对虾的生长性能、肌肉常规组成以及急性哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）感染及亚硝酸氮胁迫下的死亡情况。结果表明：凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率和存活率不受饲料胆固醇含量的显著影响（P>0.05），但C0组对虾的饲料系数显著高于C2、C3和C4组（P＜0.05）。随饲料胆固醇含量的增加，对虾肌肉中粗蛋白质含量逐渐升高，C3、C4组显著高于C0组(P＜0.05)；肌肉中粗脂肪含量先升高后降低，C2组显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）。肝胰腺和肌肉中胆固醇含量随饲料胆固醇含量的增加而显著升高（P＜0.05），血清中胆固醇含量先升高后降低，且C2组显著高于C0组（P＜0.05）。急性感染哈维氏弧菌后，随饲料胆固醇含量的增加，各组对虾累积死亡率均先降低后升高，C2组在感染24、36、48、72和96 h后的累积死亡率均最低。在8.5～9.0 mg/L亚硝态氮急性胁迫下，96 h后对虾累积死亡率与饲料中胆固醇含量呈负相关，且C0和C1组显著高于C2、C3和C4组（P＜0.05）。综上所述，淡水养殖条件下，1.57 g/kg的饲料胆固醇含量即可满足对虾生长的需求，但2.45 g/kg的饲料胆固醇含量可使对虾获得最佳的抗弧菌能力和理想的抗亚硝态氮胁迫能力。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在比较不同蛋白质源对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)及花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicas)体成分、肌肉游离氨基酸组成及生、熟鱼片质构特性的影响。设计草鱼和花鲈饲料各3种，分别等氮等能。3种草鱼试验饲料分别为以鱼粉为唯一蛋白质源的CI-FM组（对照组），以混合植物蛋白质(豆粕和大豆浓缩蛋白)替代80%鱼粉的CI-PPB80组及以混合植物蛋白质替代100%鱼粉的CI-PPB100组。3种花鲈试验饲料分别为鱼粉为唯一蛋白质源的LJ-FM组（对照组），以混合植物蛋白质(棉籽浓缩蛋白和大豆浓缩蛋白)替代50%鱼粉的LJ-PPB50组和以混合植物蛋白质替代100%鱼粉的LJ-PPB100组。草鱼初始体重为（153.40±0.30） g，随机分为3组，每组3个重复，每个重复20尾鱼；花鲈初始体重为（12.97±0.03） g，随机分为3组，每组4个重复，每个重复25尾鱼。饲喂8周后，检测2种试验鱼的体成分、肌肉游离氨基酸含量及鱼片质构特性、剪切力、滴水损失及胶原蛋白含量。结果表明：与CI-FM组相比，CI-PPB100组草鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量显著降低(P0.05)；随着替代水平的升高，花鲈肌肉总游离氨基酸及呈味氨基酸含量显著降低(P0.05)；花鲈的LJ-PPB100组硬度及黏附性显著高于LJ-FM组(P0.05)。根据结果，混合植物蛋白质替代鱼粉后降低草鱼和花鲈鱼体脂肪的蓄积，对草鱼肌肉总游离氨基酸含量不造成影响，使花鲈肌肉呈味氨基酸含量下降，必需氨基酸含量减少，生物胺前体含量升高，货架期缩短；高植物蛋白质源饲料使得草鱼和花鲈的肉质均出现明显下降，而以高鱼粉饲料可以保证2种试验鱼有较高的肉质。
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment