Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-05-11 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To investigate the effects of aluminum stress on root exudates of Helianthus tuberous and the alleviating effect of exogenous salicylic acid, we used aluminum-tolerant Nanjing H. tuberous and aluminum-sensitive Ziyang H. tuberous as experimental materials and set aluminum concentration of 500 μmol·L-1 by soil culture method, and analyzed the effects of different concentrations (10, 100, 1 000 μmol·L-1) of SA on the organic acids and amino acids in root exudates of H. tuberous and related metabolic enzymes in root tips under aluminum stress. The results were as follows: Concentrations of citric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid in the root exudates of H. tuberous increased under Al stress, and the increase was greater in Nanjing H. tuberous than in Ziyang H. tuberous; the activities of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase increased under Al stress. The proline content increased significantly, and the concentration of total amino acids decreased significantly. The concentrations of citric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid secreted by the root system of Nanjing H. tuberous were increased to different degrees after the addition of exogenous SA, but the oxalic acid secreted by the root system of Ziyang H. tuberous was significantly reduced after treatment with high concentration (1 000 μmol·L-1) of SA,and there was no significant change in malic acid concentration under all concentrations of SA treatment. The citrate synthase activity appeared to be enhanced to different degrees, but it had little effect on malate dehydrogenase activity in the root tips of Ziyang H. tuberous, and malate dehydrogenase activity in the root tips of Ziyang H. tuberous was significantly reduced after treatment with high concentration (1 000 μmol·L-1) of SA. The proline content decreased significantly, from terms of changes in total amino acid concentration, the maximum alleviating effect was obtained at high concentration (1 000 μmol·L-1) SA for Nanjing H. tuberous and at low concentration (10 μmol·L-1) SA for Ziyang H. tuberous. Therefore, H. tuberous responds to aluminum toxicity by secreting organic acids, and exogenous SA can promote the rate of organic acid metabolism in the root system of H. tuberous to secrete more organic acids to alleviate aluminum stress, and this alleviation effect is better in Nanjing H. tuberous, which is relatively strong in aluminum tolerance.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：Klotho是一种最近发现的抗衰老基因，它的缺失或突变会导致小鼠在出生3~4周后表现出衰老现象，相反，其过表达可增强小鼠的抗氧化能力，并延长小鼠寿命。目前研究表明，Klotho蛋白发挥抗氧化应激功能可能是通过激活叉头状转录因子O（FoxO）的转录活性、激活环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）信号通路、激活Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1（Keap1）-核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）/抗氧化反应元件（ARE）信号通路来实现的。本文就Klotho的发现、结构特征、表达及其蛋白与氧化应激之间的关系进行综述，以期为畜牧生产中缓解动物氧化应激提供思路。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本研究旨在评定棉籽粕在英系北京鸭上的净能（NE），并运用棉籽粕的表观代谢能(AME)和常规成分建立其预测方程。根据析因法将棉籽粕替代饲粮的NE剖分为维持净能(NEm)和沉积净能(NEp)，利用回归法测定NEm，比较屠宰法测定NEp，再套算得到棉籽粕的NE。选取400只7日龄的英系北京鸭进行动物试验。首先选取20只肉鸭在试验开始时挫颈致死，测定其体能量作为测定维持净能（net energy for maintance，NEm）和沉积净能（net energy for production，NEp）的共同初始能量对照；再选取50只肉鸭用于NEm的测定，NEm用禁食产热（FHP）估计，共设5个组（每组5个重复，每个重复2只），分别为自由采食组及限饲15%、25%、35%、45%组，均饲喂基础饲粮1；剩余的330只肉鸭用于NEp的测定，共设33个组（每组5个重复，每个重复2只），分别饲喂基础饲粮2和以不同棉籽粕替代15%基础饲粮2的试验饲粮。于14日龄时将所有的试验鸭挫颈致死，测定所有试验肉鸭的体能量。最后，将实测棉籽粕NE与AME和其常规成分进行相关分析和多元逐步线性回归分析建立棉籽粕NE的预测方程。结果显示：英系北京鸭的FHP为580.7 kJ/(kg W0.75·d)，棉籽粕替代饲粮提供给肉鸭的NEm和NEp分别为（2.97±0.15） MJ/kg和（5.22±0.12） MJ/kg，棉籽粕替代饲粮提供给肉鸭的NE为（8.19±0.09） MJ/kg，计算得到的棉籽粕的NE和AME分别为（6.12±0.62） MJ/kg和（10.05±1.02） MJ/kg，AME转化为NE的效率为（60.97±2.04）%，使用AME和常规成分建立棉籽粕NE的最佳预测方程为NE=3.276+0.241AME+0.044CP-0.081ADF（R2=0.954，RSD=0.13 MJ/kg，P<0.01），式中CP为粗蛋白质，ADF为酸性洗涤纤维。由以上结果可知：英系北京鸭棉籽粕的NE为（6.12±0.62） MJ/kg，分布范围为5.04~7.30 MJ/kg，变异较大；运用AME结合常规成分可以准确预测英系北京鸭棉籽粕的NE。
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