分类： 生物学 >> 生态学 提交时间： 2025-07-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Grassland is a key component of the ecosystem in the Qinghai Lake Basin, China. Understanding the effects of climate change and human activities on grassland productivity significantly improves ecological conservation and promotes sustainable vegetation growth in this area. Based on the net primary productivity (NPP) products of MOD17A3HGF (a moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) product that provides annual NPP at 500 m resolution) and meteorological data, we analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of grassland NPP and its interaction with climate factors in the Qinghai Lake Basin from 2001 to 2022 via partial correlation and trend analysis methods. We also used the deflecting trend residual method and scenario analysis method to quantitatively assess the relative contributions of climatic factors and human activities to grassland NPP. The results revealed that: (1) during the past 22 a, grassland NPP increased considerably, with a gradient change from the northwest to the southeast of the study area; (2) sunshine duration, precipitation, and temperature positively influenced grassland NPP, with sunshine duration exerting a stronger effect on grassland NPP than precipitation and temperature; and (3) 98.47% of the grassland in the study area was restored, with an average contribution of 65.00% from human activities and 35.00% from climatic alterations. Compared with climate change, human-induced factors had a greater effect on grassland NPP in this area. The results of the study not only provide important scientific support for ecological restoration and sustainable development of the basin but also offer new ideas for research on similar ecologically fragile areas.
分类： 生物学 >> 生态学 提交时间： 2025-07-17 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Understanding plant community assembly is crucial for effective ecosystem conservation and restoration. The ecological filter framework describes community assembly as a process shaped by dispersal, environmental, and biotic filters. Additionally, functional traits and phylogenetic relationships are increasingly recognized as important factors influencing species coexistence and community structure. However, both the ecological filter framework and the roles of functional traits and phylogeny in community assembly remain underexplored in the Algerian steppes—particularly in the El Bayadh region, where ongoing vegetation degradation threatens ecosystem stability. This study applied Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities (HMSC) as an integrative approach to assess how ecological filters influence plant community assembly in the El Bayadh steppe and to evaluate the roles of functional traits and phylogenetic relationships in this process. Environmental data—including soil properties, topography, precipitation, and land use types (grazing and exclosure)—were collected across 50 plots in April and October, 2023, along with functional traits from 24 species. These traits include root length, leaf area, specific leaf area, clonality, life history, and seed mass. HMSC results revealed that soil properties and precipitation were the primary drivers of community structure, while sand height and elevation had a moderate influence. In contrast, competition and grazing played relatively minor roles. Species responses to environmental covariates were heterogeneous: soil fertility and texture had mixed effects, benefiting some species while limiting others; sand encroachment and precipitation variability generally had negative impacts, whereas grazing exclusion favored many species. A weak phylogenetic signal was recorded, indicating that community assembly was driven more by environmental filtering than by shared evolutionary history. Functional trait responses to environmental variation reflected plant strategies that balanced resource acquisition and conservation. Specifically, seed mass, leaf area, and root length increased under higher soil moisture and nutrient availability but declined in response to salinity, precipitation variability, and sand height. Clonality and perennial life history traits enhanced the survival of plant species under harsh conditions. Overall, this study provides a holistic understanding of community assembly processes in the El Bayadh steppe and offers valuable insights for ecosystem management and restoration in arid and degraded ecosystem environments.
分类： 生物学 >> 生物数学 提交时间： 2025-07-14
Xiuzhu Liu
Li Wei
Rong Zhang
Jiaxin Chen
Tongshan Zhang
Junrui Hua
Jufang Wang
Jinpeng He
Xiaodong Xie
摘要： Senescence is a cellular response closely associated with genotoxic stress and plays a critical role in determining cell fate following irradiation exposure. Primary cilia, sensory organelles on the cell surface, detect and transmit diverse signaling cues. However, the relationship between primary cilia and senescence in long-term cell fate decisions after ionizing radiation (IR) remains poorly understood. Here, we show that DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (p-DNA-PKcs) co-localized with centromeres during various mitosis stages, while during interphase, p-DNA-PKcs is confined to the nucleus in tumor cells. Following irradiation exposure, primary cilia are formed and persistently maintained at high levels in senescent tumor cells. Inhibition of DNA-PKcs enhances primary cilia formation, while combines inhibition with siDNA-PKcs and irradiation reduces cilia generation, moreover, Chloral hydrate-induced primary cilia removal results in senescent cell death and decreases p-DNA-PKcs protein expression. Notably, treatment with the apoptosis inducer ABT263, also leads to increased cell death and a decreased incidence of primary cilia. Inhibition of either primary cilia or DNA-PKcs further enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. These findings suggest that p-DNA-PKcs contributes to primary cilia formation after irradiation and plays a critical role in both the induction and maintenance of cellular senescence.
分类： 生物学 >> 细胞生物学 提交时间： 2025-07-04
摘要： Live-imaging microscopy technology has been increasingly applied for meiosis study in plants, which largely relies on the set up of a healthy ex vivo culture system for inflorescences ensuring that the captured chromosomes dynamics approaches the natural features of meiosis. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana flowers cultivated in a culture medium (CCM) composed of the half-strength Murashige and Skoog basal salt, MES, Myo-inositol, sucrose and agar produce diploid microspores due to occurrence of meiotic restitution. Cytological studies revealed adjacent nuclei distribution and incomplete cytokinesis at late meiosis II in meiocytes within the CCM flowers. Immunolocalization of α-tubulin and the microtubule-associated protein MAP65-3 showed that the orientation of spindles at metaphase II and the organization of radial microtubule arrays at the tetrad stage are interfered, which explains the production of meiotically-restituted microspores. Moreover, the CCM flowers showed a gradually impaired expression of Aborted Microspores (AMS), a key transcription factor regulating tapetum development and meiotic cytokinesis. Interestingly, an increased supply of sucrose in culture medium promoted the expression of AMS and partially rescued haploid microspore formation in the CCM flowers. Taken together, this study suggests a role of sucrose in facilitating meiotic cytokinesis and gametophytic ploidy stability in plants.
分类： 生物学 >> 生物化学 提交时间： 2025-07-02
摘要： 茶和黑咖啡作为全球广泛消费的饮料，在维持机体健康方面发挥重要作用。尿蛋白基本不会直接来源于饮品，尿液蛋白质组的变化反映的即为机体受饮品影响后的变化，而非饮品本身的代谢产物，那么是否可以通过尿蛋白质组反映不同发酵程度的茶与黑咖啡对机体的影响呢？本研究采用前后对比与组间对比两种方式，收集大鼠连续7天饮用绿茶、乌龙茶、红茶、普洱茶或黑咖啡前后的尿液，使用液相色谱-串联质谱技术进行分析。结果表明，尿液蛋白质组可以反映大鼠饮用不同发酵程度的茶或黑咖啡一周后机体产生的变化，富集到脂肪细胞分化、脂质代谢、葡萄糖代谢、脂肪酸转运、免疫反应等生物学过程与通路，且不同发酵程度的茶与黑咖啡对机体的影响呈现高度特异性。此外，多个差异蛋白被报道是癌症、心血管疾病等的生物标志物，提示在尿液疾病标志物的临床应用和相关研究中，应注意茶、黑咖啡等饮品的影响，同时可能需要形成多个标志物的组合，提高准确性。综上，通过尿液蛋白质组可全面、系统地反映茶与黑咖啡所有成分对机体的整体影响，并区分饮用不同发酵程度的茶与黑咖啡后机体产生的变化。
分类： 生物学 >> 生态学 提交时间： 2025-06-18
摘要： 葛洲坝截流后，中华鲟种群陷入螺旋衰退，受后续涉水工程等的进一步影响，中华鲟种群快速衰减，并于2013年首次出现自然繁殖中断。其中的关键在于，中华鲟自然种群未能及时适应葛洲坝截流后的洄游繁殖条件变化。本文从恢复中华鲟野外可持续种群的目标出发，提出促进中华鲟适应葛洲坝截流后洄游繁殖条件的需求，然后从种群遗传的生态学适应角度分析中华鲟繁殖群体适应葛洲坝截流后洄游繁殖条件的可能性，探讨了通过遗传干预促进中华鲟葛洲坝下繁殖群体恢复的可能性，并梳理了通过遗传干预促进中华鲟葛洲坝下繁殖群体恢复的具体困难及未来构想。期待本文能够引起大家对中华鲟种群遗传适应问题的关注和讨论，促进各方在中华鲟保种繁育、增殖放流、种群恢复的细节问题上进一步凝聚共识。
分类： 生物学 >> 生物化学 提交时间： 2025-05-23
摘要： 高血压是全球患病率最高的慢性非传染性疾病之一，是脑卒中、冠心病的主要危险因素。该研究通过对比分析易卒中高血压大鼠（SHRSP）与正常大鼠在1月龄、8月龄、14-15月龄的尿液蛋白质组的翻译后修饰（PTMs），探究高血压不同时期的蛋白修饰和生物学过程变化。结果显示，高血压发展的不同阶段有其特有的修饰变化，同时也存在相同的PTMs。其中，多种存在差异修饰的蛋白已被报道在高血压中发挥作用或产生变化。随机分组验证表明，高血压组和对照组之间超过95%的差异修饰具有非随机性特征。此外，差异修饰所在蛋白均显著富集到了与高血压相关的生物学通路和KEGG通路，如regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure、Renin-angiotensin system (RAS)、Complement and coagulation cascades等。结果表明，SHRSP大鼠和正常大鼠的尿液蛋白质翻译后修饰存在差别，为研究高血压提供了新的维度。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物生态学和植物地理学 提交时间： 2025-05-19 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Salt-tolerant bacteria associated with halophytes enhance plant resistance and adaptation to environmental stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity and plant-beneficial traits of bacteria associated with three halophytes in an arid land, Northwest China. The bacterial strains were isolated from the roots, shoots, rhizosphere, and bulk soil of three halophytes, i.e., Salicornia europaea L., Kalidium foliatum (Pall.) Moq., and Suaeda aralocaspica (Bunge) Freitag Schütze, collected from the saline soils near to the Wujiaqu City, Xinjiang, Northwest China. A total of 567 strains were isolated and identified from these three halophytes belonging to 4 phyla, 6 classes, 25 orders, 36 families, and 66 genera, including 147 potential novel species. A total of 213 strains exhibited one or more plant growth- promoting properties, while 20 strains demonstrated multiple in vitro plant growth-promoting activities, including phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, and production of hydrolytic enzymes such as protease and cellulase. Our findings showed that halophytes in the arid land harbor diverse bacteria with the potential to enhance plant growth and adaptability under challenging environmental conditions.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物生态学和植物地理学 提交时间： 2025-05-19 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Climate change and human activities have led to desertification and decreased land productivity, significantly affecting human livelihoods in desert regions. Identifying suitable areas for cultivating economic and native plants based on ecological capacity, biological restoration, and risk management can be valuable tools for combating desertification. In this study, we identified suitable areas for the growth of economic and medicinal Moringa peregrina trees in desert regions of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southern Iran, using library research and field methods. We also assessed the economic involvement of local communities in areas under different topographic conditions (namely flat area, undulating area, rolling area, moderately sloping area, and steep area) in the study area. Financial indicators such as the net present value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR), and return on investment (ROI) were calculated for areas under various topographic conditions in the study area. The rolling area with results of NPV (6142.75 USD), IRR (103.38), BCR (5.38), and ROI (in the 3rd year) was the best region for investing and cultivating M. peregrina. The minimum economic level varied from 0.80 hm2 in the flat area to 21.60 hm2 in the steep area. Also, approximately 5,314,629.51 hm2 of desert lands in the study area were deemed suitable for M. peregrina cultivation, benefiting around 1,743,246 households in the study area. Cultivating M. peregrina in southern Iran can positively affect local communities and help preserve land from erosion. Our study will provide theoretical support for planting native species in other degraded desert regions to enhance ecosystem services and the well-being of indigenous populations.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物生态学和植物地理学 分类： 地球科学 >> 地理学 提交时间： 2025-05-19 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Investigating the spatiotemporal evolution of vegetation and its response mechanisms to natural and anthropogenic elements is crucial for regional vegetation restoration and ecological preservation. The Mu Us Sandy Land (MUSL), which is situated in the semi-arid zone of northwestern China adjacent to the Loess Plateau, has been at the forefront of desertification and oasis formation over the past two millennia. This study is based on the synthesis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from MOD13A3 data in the MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) dataset (2002–2021) and climate data (temperature and precipitation) at annual and monthly scales from the National Earth System Science Data Center. A range of analytical methods, including univariate linear regression, Theil-Sen trend analysis and Mann-Kendall significance test, correlation analysis, residual analysis, and Hurst index, were used to explore the response mechanisms of the NDVI to climate change and human activities and to predict the future trends of the NDVI in the MUSL. The results showed that through the method of correlation analysis, in terms of both spatially averaged correlation coefficients and area proportion, the NDVI was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation in 97.59% and 96.51% of the study area, respectively, indicating that temperature has a greater impact on the NDVI than precipitation. Residual analysis quantified the contributions of climate change and human activities to the NDVI changes, revealing that climate change and human activities contribute up to 30.00% and 70.00%, respectively, suggesting that human activities predominantly affect the NDVI changes in the MUSL. The Hurst index was used to categorize the future trend of the NDVI into four main directions of development: continuous degradation (0.05% of the study area), degradation in the past but improvement in the future (54.45%), improvement in the past but degradation in the future (0.13%), and continuous improvement (45.36%). In more than 50.00% of the regions that have been degraded in the past but were expected to improve in the future, the NDVI was expected to exhibit a stable trend of anti-persistent improvement. These findings provide theoretical support for future ecological protection, planning, and the implementation of ecological engineering in the MUSL, and also offer a theoretical basis for the planning and execution of construction projects, environmental protection measures, and the sustainable development of vegetation.
分类： 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 神经科学 分类： 物理学 >> 交叉学科物理及相关领域的科学与技术 提交时间： 2025-05-06
摘要： How animals perceive weak magnetic signals remains a mystery. Here I propose that the sensory inputs can be modulated in their transmission velocity along the peripheral nerves surrounded by Schwann cells which contain huge amounts of superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles stored in ferritins, forming the ordered arrays of hexagonal paracrystalline. Through interparticle interactions within the arrays, the superparamagnetic nanoparticles become subtly magnetized and aligned orderly with the Earth’s magnetic field. The Lorentz force of the small magnetic field created by the paracrystalline arrays will shift the motion trajectory of cations of action potentials whenever the magnetic line is not parallel to the direction of movement of the ions, from a straight path to a curve track within the myelinated axons. Since bending orientations of the peripheral nerve are always mirror-symmetric, the Lorentz force can delay transmission on one side where the ion trajectory does not fit the axon curve, but has almost no such effect on the other side where the ions can travel along the radian of the axon curve. This mechanism can create a time difference in arrival at the CNS nucleus between the two sides, activating the deviated coincidence detector neurons so that the directions of the external magnetic “source” are encoded and processed.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物生态学和植物地理学 提交时间： 2025-04-14 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Diversity of soil microorganisms in different habitats of arid and semi-arid areas plays an important role in the soil texture and nutrient, promoting the growth of vegetation in those areas. To clarify the response of soil bacterial community diversity to the changes of environmental factors in different habitats, this study collected soil samples under the canopies of Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. in oasis, transition zone, and desert habitats in the upper reaches of the Tarim River, Northwest China. High-throughput sequencing technology and PICRUSt2 software were used to explore the composition and function of soil bacterial communities in different habitats of T. ramosissima. The results showed that: (1) soil environmental factors under the canopy of T. ramosissima in the three habitats differed significantly, with soil moisture and nutrient conditions being better in the oasis; (2) Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes were the major bacterial communities in the three habitats; (3) soil bacterial community composition under the canopy of T. ramosissima varied greatly, and the richness was significantly different among the three habitats; (4) redundancy analysis indicated that soil water content and available phosphorous were the most important environmental factors influencing the composition of soil bacterial community; and (5) 6 primary functions and 21 secondary functions were obtained by PICRUSt2 function prediction, with metabolism being the most dominant function. This study revealed the response of soil bacterial community composition to habitat changes and their driving factors in the upper reaches of the Tarim River, which could improve the understanding of ecological sensitivity of soil microorganisms in arid and semi-arid areas, and provide a theoretical foundation for improving soil quality and ecological protection.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 植物生理学 提交时间： 2025-04-14 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq., commonly known as sandrice, is an annual medicinal plant prevalent in the dunes across China's deserts. A garden trial revealed that flavonoid content varies among sandrice ecotypes due to long-term local adaptation to water variability. To investigate how sandrice responds to drought stress through the molecular metabolic regulation of flavonoids, we employed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses during a 9-d ambient drought stress, examining three ecotypes along a precipitation gradient. The three ecotypes located in Dengkou (DK) County, Dulan (DL) County, and Aerxiang (AEX) village of northern China, which had 137, 263, and 485 mm precipitation, respectively. Soil moisture content was 4.04% after drought stress, causing seedlings of the three sandrice ecotypes to display collapsed structures, yellowing leaves, wilting, and curling. Among these, DL exhibited superior drought tolerance, in which plant height increase (PHI) and leaf area (LA) were significantly higher than those of DK and AEX. Flavonoid-targeted metabolomics identified that rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin constituted over 95.00% of the 15 flavonoid metabolites detected. A total of 12 differentially accumulated flavonoids (DAFs) were found, with rutin being the most abundant (1231.57–2859.34 ng/100 mg fresh weight (FW)), showing a gradual increase along the precipitation gradient. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 14 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with flavonoid synthesis among the three ecotypes. Integrative analysis of DEGs and DAFs indicated that sandrice adapts to drought stress by activating different flavonoid synthesis pathways. In DK, the dihydrokaempferol-dihydroquercetin pathway, regulated by flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (CYP75B1), likely enhances drought adaptation. In AEX, transcriptional repression by O-methylatransferase (OMT) shifts the metabolic flux from the quercetin-isorhamnetin pathway to the quercetin-isoquercetin-rutin pathway in response to drought. DL, the most drought- tolerant ecotype, appears to activate the naringenin-apigenin-luteolin route and employs a unique flavonoid accumulation pattern in response to drought stress. Our data reveal that flavonoid synthesis in sandrice is fine-tuned among ecotypes to cope with drought, offering valuable germplasm resources and evaluation methods for sandrice acclimation and providing insights into drought response in non-model plants.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2025-04-14 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： The Qinghai–Xizang Plateau of China faces challenges like thaw slumping, threatening slope stability and infrastructure. Understanding the mechanical properties of the roots of the dominant herbaceous plant species in the alpine meadow layer of the permafrost regions on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau is essential for evaluating their role in enhancing soil shear strength and mitigating slope deformation in these fragile environments. In this study, the roots of four dominant herbaceous plant species—Kobresia pygmaea, Kobresia humilis, Carex moorcroftii, and Leontopodium pusillum—that are widely distributed in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau were explored to determine their mechanical properties and effects in enhancing soil shear strength. Through indoor single root tensile and root group tensile tests, we determined the root diameter, tensile force, tensile strength, tensile ratio, and strength frequency distributions. We also evaluated their contributions to inhibiting slope deformation and failure during the formation and development of thermal thaw slumps in the alpine meadow. The results showed that the distribution of the root diameter of the dominant plant species is mostly normal, while the tensile strength tends to be logarithmically normally distributed. The relationship between the root diameter and root tensile strength conforms to a power function. The theoretical tensile strength of the root group was calculated using the Wu–Waldron Model (WWM) and the Fiber Bundle Model (FBM) under the assumption that the cumulative single tensile strength of the root bundle is identical to the tensile strength of the root group in the WWM. The FBM considers three fracture modes: FBM–D (the tensile force on each single root is proportional to its diameter relative to the total sum of all the root diameters), FBM–S (the cross–sectional stress in the root bundle is uniform), and FBM–N (each tensile strength test of individual roots experiences an equal load). It was found that the model-calculated tensile strength of the root group was 162.60% higher than the test value. The model-derived tensile force of the root group from the FBM–D, FBM–S, and FBM–N was 73.10%, 28.91%, and 13.47% higher than the test values, respectively. The additional cohesion of the soil provided by the roots was calculated to be 25.90–45.06 kPa using the modified WWM, 67.05–38.15 kPa using the FBM–S, and 57.24–32.74 kPa using the FBM–N. These results not only provide a theoretical basis for further quantitative evaluation of the mechanical effects of the root systems of herbaceous plant species in reinforcing the surface soil but also have practical significance for the effective prevention and control of thermal thaw slumping disasters in the permafrost regions containing native alpine meadows on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau using flexible plant protection measures.
分类： 生物学 >> 生物化学 提交时间： 2025-04-03
摘要： 甲基苯丙胺成瘾机制复杂且复吸率高，造成严重的公共卫生威胁。本研究分析对比了停用甲基苯丙胺超过三个月的戒毒康复者与健康人的尿蛋白质组修饰，共鉴定到984种差异修饰多肽，其中有362种呈现从有到无或从无到有的变化，随机分组检验结果显示，至少74.85%的差异修饰多肽不是随机产生的。多个差异修饰多肽所在的蛋白被报道与甲基苯丙胺相关，如Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase、Complement factor H、Filamin-A、Plasminogen等。同时，一些在本研究中呈现显著变化，但尚未报道与甲基苯丙胺相关的差异修饰多肽及其所在的蛋白，可能为甲基苯丙胺成瘾康复研究提供线索。本研究建立了从尿蛋白质组修饰的角度研究药物成瘾的方法，观察到停用甲基苯丙胺三个月以上的戒毒康复者与健康个体存在差异，可能用于揭示甲基苯丙胺复吸率高的原因，为药物成瘾康复的研究打开新的窗口，有潜力为追踪评估药物成瘾康复过程提供线索。
分类： 生物学 >> 生物化学 分类： 生物学 >> 分子生物学 提交时间： 2025-03-21
摘要： 目的：探索自主食用甜味物质后小鼠尿液蛋白质组是否变化，以及不同甜味物质的变化是否不同。方法：收集C57BL/6l小鼠主动食用甜味物质前后的尿液样品。甜味物质包括目前世界范围内应用较为广泛且能引起小鼠喜好反应的蔗糖、甜菊糖苷、安赛蜜、三氯蔗糖，其中非营养性甜味剂的浓度选择了已有研究显示的小鼠喜好反应最强烈的浓度。通过高效液相色谱串联质谱联用（LC-MS/MS）的非标记定量蛋白质组学技术进行分析，成组筛选尿液蛋白质组的差异蛋白，进行蛋白质功能和生物学过程分析；进行单只小鼠食用甜味物质前后尿液蛋白质组比较；并将不同甜味物质进行横向对比。结果及结论：自主食用蔗糖和三氯蔗糖后尿液蛋白质组的差异蛋白富集到的生物学过程和糖、脂代谢和热的产生等相关；自主食用甜菊糖苷后尿液蛋白质组的差异蛋白富集的生物学过程主要与核小体组装、细胞分裂、染色质组成等相关；自主食用安赛蜜后尿液蛋白质组的差异蛋白富集到的生物学变化更多与细胞、体液免疫等相关；自主食用不同甜味物质前后尿液蛋白质组中均出现了与脑奖励回路相关的差异蛋白。结果表明，自主食用甜味物质前后小鼠的尿液蛋白质组发生了变化，且自主食用不同甜味物质后尿液蛋白质组的变化并不相同，在拓展尿液蛋白质组敏感性边界的同时还为探究各类食品添加剂对机体的潜在影响提供了一个新策略。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2025-03-19 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为探明羊开口中的抗炎活性成分，该研究采用Sephadex LH-20 柱层析和反相高效液 相色谱（RP-HPLC）等技术，对羊开口的乙醇提取物进行系统的分离与纯化，基于质谱（MS） 和核磁共振(NMR)波谱数据的综合分析,鉴定了所得化合物的结构。此外，利用脂多糖（LPS） 诱导小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7 释放一氧化氮（NO）的模型，评估了化合物的抗炎活性。结 果表明：（1）从羊开口中分离并鉴定了19 个化合物，分别为1,6-二-O-没食子酰-β-D-葡萄 糖苷（1）、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯基丙三醇-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（2）、（-）-表儿茶素 没食子酸酯（3）、香草醛酸4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（4）、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（5）、6-O- 没食子酰基葡萄糖（6）、3′-O-甲基鞣花酸-4-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（7）、3,3′,4-O-三甲基鞣花酸 -4-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（8）、3,3′,4- O-三甲基鞣花酸-4′-O-芸香糖苷（9）、3,3′-O-二甲基鞣花 酸-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（10）、原儿茶酸（11）、原儿茶醛（12）、β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基苯乙 腈（13）、1-O-苯甲酰肌醇（14）、2α-羟基乌苏酸（15）、熊果酸（16）、木栓酮（17）、 α-香树脂醇（18）、harprogenin-28-β-D-glucopyranosylester（19）。除了化合物6、10、18 外，其余化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。（2）化合物12 对LPS 诱导RAW 264.7 细胞释放NO 具有显著的抑制作用，其IC 50 值为18.2 μmol·L-1。该研究为羊开口的抗炎作 用的深入研究提供科学依据。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2025-03-19 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为研究鸢尾分类群的花粉形态及其分类学潜在意义，以鸢尾属3 个亚属的31 个分类群的花粉为试验 材料，采用临界点干燥法进行材料制备，对供试材料的花粉形态进行了扫描电镜观察和系统聚类分析。结果表 明：（1）31 个分类群的花粉均为异极单粒花粉，具远极沟，花粉大小中等或大，扁球形、近扁球形或圆球形；远极 沟膜光滑或具纹饰膜；花粉外壁具半覆盖层或无覆盖层，外壁纹饰通常为不同类型的异型网状，少数为芽孢状-杵状。 （2） 在大苞鸢尾、矮鸢尾和囊花鸢尾花粉粒中发现具环状远极沟的花粉；在胡氏鸢尾的花粉粒上发现双极沟现象，这 在鸢尾属中为首次报道。（3） 系统聚类分析显示：在平方欧氏距离为10 时，31 个鸢尾分类群的花粉聚为西伯利亚 鸢尾型、德国鸢尾型、短旗鸢尾型、紫苞鸢尾型、燕子花型和琴瓣鸢尾型6 类，参试分类群基本按照形态分类学 的亚属、组和系的关系聚类。6 个类型中，德国鸢尾型的花粉粒最大，紫苞鸢尾型的花粉粒最小。短旗鸢尾型花 粉无覆盖层，外壁纹饰为芽孢状-杵状。琴瓣鸢尾型花粉为近扁球形，远极沟具纹饰膜。（4） 3 个亚属花粉形态可能 的系统发育趋势为无附属物亚属较有髯鸢尾亚属更原始，紫苞鸢尾系是所研究种类中最原始的类群，野鸢尾亚属和冠 饰鸢尾组可能是无附属物亚属向有髯鸢尾亚属过渡的中间类型。（5）临界点干燥法和2,2-二甲氧基丙烷（DMP）直 接法是适宜鸢尾属植物花粉材料制备的方法。该研究结果反映出31 个鸢尾属分类群花粉形态既具有一致性又具有差异 性，孢粉学特征可作为属内划分亚属、组和系的辅助手段，提供可靠的孢粉学依据。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2025-03-19 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 三脉水丝梨（Sycopsis triplinervia）是金缕梅科（Hamamelidaceae）水丝梨属（Sycopsis） 的一种常绿灌木。由于水丝梨属的系统发育地位仍存在争议且与假蚊母属（Distyliopsis）、 蚊母树属（Distylium）等近缘属之间的亲缘关系尚不明确，该研究对三脉水丝梨的叶绿体基 因组进行了测序与组装，并结合公共数据库中金缕梅科其他物种的叶绿体基因组数据，开展 了比较基因组分析和叶绿体基因组系统发育分析。结果表明：（1）三脉水丝梨基因组大小 为159 375 bp，共编码133 个基因，包括8 个rRNA 基因、37 个tRNA 基因、87 个蛋白编 码基因和1 个假基因。（2）在其基因组中共检测到33 个散在重复序列、39 个串联重复序 列和82 个简单重复序列（SSRs）。（3）密码子偏好以A/U 结尾，共包含9 个最优密码子 且密码子偏好主要受自然选择的影响。（4）与近缘种相比，三脉水丝梨的叶绿体基因组整 体较为保守。从水丝梨属中筛选到的15 个高变异区域具有潜在用于分子鉴定的价值。（5） 系统发育分析显示，金缕梅科为单系类群，金缕梅属（Hamamelis）、白缕梅属（Parrotiopsis）、 水丝梨属、假蚊母属、波斯铁木属（Parrotia）和蚊母树属6 个属形成了一个强力支持的单 系分支，几个属之间具有较近的亲缘关系，其中三脉水丝梨与该分支中的其他类群互为姐妹 群。然而，水丝梨属、波斯铁木属、假蚊母属和蚊母树属均非单系。该研究为金缕梅科的系 统发育研究提供了重要的基础数据和参考。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2025-03-19 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为更全面了解和认识广西薹草属的物种多样性，该文基于野外调查、馆藏标本研究 和文献资料查阅对广西薹草属物种多样性进行系统整理，发现并报道了广西薹草属20 个新 记录种，即滨海薹草（C. bodinieri Franch.）、大庸薹草（C. dayuongensis Z. P. Wang）、穿 孔薹草（C. foraminata C. B. Clarke）、贡山薹草（C. gongshanensis Tang & F. T. Wang ex Y. C. Yang）、亨氏薹草[C. henryi (C. B. Clarke) T. Koyama]、季庄薹草（C. jizhuangensis S. Yun Liang）、长穗柄薹草（C. longipes D. Don）、鄂西薹草（C. manciformis C. B. Clarke ex Franch.）、 锈果薹草（C. metallica H. Lév.）、榄绿果薹草（C. olivacea Boott）、圆坚果薹草（C. orbicularinucis L. K. Dai）、尖叶薹草（C. oxyphylla Franch.）、朝芳薹草（C. phoenicis Dunn）、 拟三穗薹草（C. pseudotristachya X. F. Jin & C. Z. Zheng）、远穗薹草（C. remotistachya Y. Y. Zhou & X. F. Jin）、横纹薹草（C. rugata Ohwi）、华疏花薹草（C. sinodissitiflora Tang & F. T. Wang ex L. K. Dai）、希陶薹草（C. tsaiana F. T. Wang & Tang ex P. C. Li）、东方薹草（C. tungfangensis L. K. Dai & S. M. Huang）、武夷山薹草（C. wuyishanensis S. Yun Liang）。这 些新记录种在广西的发现，不仅丰富了广西薹草属植物的物种多样性，也为该属后续的研究 与利用提供更加全面的本底资料。
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