Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： To comprehensively evaluate the alterations in water ecosystem service functions within arid watersheds, this study focused on the Bosten Lake Basin, which is situated in the arid region of Northwest China. The research was based on land use/land cover (LULC), natural, socioeconomic, and accessibility data, utilizing the Patch-level Land Use Simulation (PLUS) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) models to dynamically assess LULC change and associated variations in water yield and water conservation. The analyses included the evaluation of contribution indices of various land use types and the investigation of driving factors that influence water yield and water conservation. The results showed that the change of LULC in the Bosten Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020 showed a trend of increasing in cultivated land and construction land, and decreasing in grassland, forest, and unused land. The unused land of all the three predicted scenarios of 2030 (S1, a natural development scenario; S2, an ecological protection scenario; and S3, a cultivated land protection scenario) showed a decreasing trend. The scenarios S1 and S3 showed a trend of decreasing in grassland and increasing in cultivated land; while the scenario S2 showed a trend of decreasing in cultivated land and increasing in grassland. The water yield of the Bosten Lake Basin exhibited an initial decline followed by a slight increase from 2000 to 2020. The areas with higher water yield values were primarily located in the northern section of the basin, which is characterized by higher altitude. Water conservation demonstrated a pattern of initial decrease followed by stabilization, with the northeastern region demonstrating higher water conservation values. In the projected LULC scenarios of 2030, the estimated water yield under scenarios S1 and S3 was marginally greater than that under scenario S2; while the level of water conservation across all three scenarios remained rather consistent. The results showed that Hejing County is an important water conservation function zone, and the eastern part of the Xiaoyouledusi Basin is particularly important and should be protected. The findings of this study offer a scientific foundation for advancing sustainable development in arid watersheds and facilitating efficient water resource management.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation. The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve (TBPNR), located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone. The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve. In the present study, we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services (including net primary productivity (NPP), water yield, soil conservation, and habitat quality) in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model. In addition, the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis, and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector. During the study period, NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20% and 25.56%, respectively; conversely, water yield decreased by 16.56%, and there was no significant change in habitat quality. Spatially, both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part, whereas water yield showed an opposite trend. Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation, and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield. Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship. NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), respectively, while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model (DEM). Therefore, attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management. The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The purpose of this study was to investigate the novelty and particularly of the culturable bacteria in seagrass beds and study its antibacterial activity. A total of nine rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the seagrass bed ecosystems in Pearl Bay and Yuzhouping, Fangchenggang City. Five different isolation medias were used to isolate and purify the culturable bacteria using the dilution spread plate method. The bacterial species were identified through PCR amplification and 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibacterial activity against four human pathogenic bacteria (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. aureu and Acinetobacter baumanii) were screened with Kirby-Bauer method. The results were as follows: (1)42 culturable bacteria were isolated, belonging to 14 genera and 13 families, which included Streptomyces, Vibrio, Bacillus, Shewanella, Microbacterium, Brevibacteriu, Staphylococcus, Sphingomona, Rothia, Psychrobacter, Pseudonocardia, Photobacterium, Halomonas, and Escherichia. The genus Streptomyces was the dominant bacterium. (2)Antibacterial activity showed that six bacterial exhibited strong inhibitory activity against at least two or more human pathogenic bacteria, which included Vibrio (1 bacteria), Rothia (1 bacteria), and Streptomyces (4 bacteria). The studies have shown that there are abundant resources of culturable bacterium and several bacteria has the potential antibacterial activity especially Streptomyces, which can provide a new source for the research and development of new antibiotics drugs.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Understanding the dynamics of community structure and species diversity in evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests can provide a scientific foundation for effective forest management. To analyze data from two surveys conducted in 2015 and 2022, we employed species α diversity index, β diversity index, principal coordinate analysis, and spatial point pattern analysis. Our study focused on three 1 ha communities at different elevations to investigate changes in species composition, species diversity and diameter at breast height (DBH) structure characteristics while exploring the causes of tree mortality. The results are as follows: (1) Tree mortality was greater in lower altitude communities than higher altitude ones. Tree death primarily affected small diameter trees and exhibited a non-random pattern independent of density dependence. (2) Overall α diversity of communities decreased slightly across all altitudes over the course of seven years but not significantly so. The rate of change in α diversity index was relatively consistent among communities at different altitudes. Although there were slight changes observed in the species composition within each community, these differences were minimal (P>0.99). A convergence trend was observed regarding species composition among communities at various altitudes. (3) Average DBH and total basal area of all trees increased across communities at different altitudes,with an inverted “J” shaped diameter class structure indicating good self-renewal capacity and community stability maintenance ability. In summary, the changes observed in community structure of the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Cenwanglaoshan mountain are generally consistent across different altitudes, thus demonstrating stable community structure with insignificant changes despite minor fluctuations occurring within dominant species population or rare species extinction impacting overall richness level.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to identify the pathogen that caused rust in Bletilla striata in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and screen resistene resources for B. striata, the rust pathogen was isolated from infected leaves of B. striata and identified using morphology and molecular methods. At the inoculation of pathogen. The results were as follows: (1) The urediniopores of Strain X2 isolated from diseased leaves in B. striata were golden yellow, oval, (21.43-30.95) μm × (13.10-19.05) μm. The teliospores were orange, russet, obovate or clavate, (17.25-30) μm × (5.5-6.65) μm. (2) The length of ITS sequence of strain X2(OQ826009) was 689 bp, which were compared with other ITS sequences in the GenBank, and the similarity reached to 95.86% compared with Coleosporium sp. (KY783686.1). But the sequence was clustered together with two sequences of C. bletiae (MN108161.1, OP363678.1). The strain X2 was identified as C. bletiae by combining morphology and molecular methods. (3) After 14 days of artificial inoculation with strain X2, the disease index of 23 Bletilla striata ranged from 0 to 70.7. And 6 different resistance levels were divided according to the disease index. Among them, one immune materials was identified for the disease index was 0. Four highly resistant materials was identified for the disease index was 1.7- 4.7. Six disease-resistant materials was identified for the disease index was 5.6-9.4. Five mediumresistant materials was identified for the disease index was 12.7-18.3. Five susceptible materials was identified for the disease index was 32.0-49.1 and two highly susceptible materials was identified for the disease index was 62.2-70.7. Five B. striata from diffenrent places can be promoted directely or applied as parent materials for creating excellent germplasm to resistant the rust in B. striata for they expressed immune or highly resistance. The five species came from Honghe City in Yunnan Province, Gongcheng County and Baise City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Zunyi City in Guizhou Province and Yichang City in Hubei Province, respectively. This study can provide a basis for further research on pathogenesis and control of rust in B. striata.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Eleven species of vascular plants are reported as new records in Guangxi, viz. Pteris amoena Blume, Diplaziopsis cavaleriana (Christ) C. Chr., Diplazium nanchuanicum (W. M. Chu) Z. R. He, Macrothelypteris ornata (Wall. ex J. Sm.) Ching, Cyrtomium chingianum P. S. Wang, C. shingianum H. S. Kung et P. S. Wang, Castanopsis diversifolia (Kurz) King ex Hook.f., Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo, Rubia falciformis H. S. Lo, Blumea repanda (Roxb.) Hand.-Mazz., Synotis saluenensis (Diels) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen. These new records not only provide a useful reference to the studies of floristic geography, but also are of great significance to the innovative utilization of plant resources and the protection of plant diversity in Guangxi. Description of main morphological characteristics, citation specimens, colour photos reflecting the characteristics and geographical distribution of the eleven newly recorded species are also provided．
Subjects: Biology >> Developmental Biology submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been an important technology in paleontology for several decades. It helps researchers to acquire detailed anatomical structures of fossils nondestructively. Despite its widespread application, developing an efficient and user-friendly method for segmenting CT data continues to be a formidable challenge in the field. Most CT data segmentation software operates on 2D interfaces, which limits flexibility for real-time adjustments in 3D segmentation. Here, we introduce Curves Mode in Drishti Paint 3.2, an open-source tool for CT data segmentation. Drishti Paint 3.2 allows users to manually or semi-automatically segment the CT data in both 2D and 3D environments, providing a novel solution for revisualization CT data in paleontological studies
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography Subjects: Biology >> Ecology Subjects: Law >> Civil and Commercial Law Subjects: Management Science >> Business Management of Department Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： Purpose/significance South Africa is a world famous tourist paradise . A thematic study on how South Africa is developing its tourism industry can provide a useful reference for China. Method/process This paper summarizes South Africa’s experience in tourism development, based mainly on foreign research data and using literature review methods. Result/conclusion In the development of tourism, South Africa has five major successful experiences: first, it has attached great importance to tourism and taken a number of initiatives, including the enactment of the Tourism Act, the introduction of a number of tourism development strategies and plans, and the establishment of the Department of Tourism of South Africa and the South African Tourism; second, it has actively upgraded its hardware and software facilities; third, it has endeavored to diversify its tourism products; fourth, it has put the concept of responsible tourism into practice; and fifth, it has made great efforts to develop its domestic tourism industry.
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2024-06-18
Abstract： Drug addiction is a serious chronic relapsing brain disease, and methamphetamine dependence has a complex course and is difficult to treat, causing a serious public health burden. In this study, we compared and analyzed the urine proteome of methamphetamine-using patients (patients who stopped using methamphetamine within 24 hours), methamphetamine-withdrawing patients (patients who stopped using drugs for more than 3 months and entered rehabilitation treatment), healthy individuals. The urine proteome of methamphetamine-addicted patients (including patients who were using methamphetamine and methamphetamine-withdrawing patients) was significantly different from that of healthy individuals, and some differential proteins and their enriched biological functions showed that they were associated with addiction or neurotoxicity of methamphetamine and may be potential intervention targets for drug addiction. Patients who withdrew methamphetamine for more than 3 months were still difficult to return to normal levels and may be used to reveal the reasons for the high rate of methamphetamine relapse. In this study, a method of studying addictive drugs from the perspective of urine proteomics was established, which proved that urine proteome can reflect the effects of methamphetamine abuse on the body relatively systematically and comprehensively, and has the potential to provide clues for the study and practice of clinical addictive diseases.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2024-06-18
Abstract： Taking compound nutrient supplements is a common means of health management. No studies have investigated the overall effects of complex nutrient supplements on healthy individuals from the perspective of the urine proteome. In this study, we compared and analyzed the urine proteome of healthy individuals after taking compound nutrient supplements for 2 weeks, 4 weeks and before taking them, and found that the urine proteome changed more significantly after taking compound nutrient supplements for 2 weeks, and the differential proteins and their enriched pathways may be associated with nutrient supplementation, such as erythropoietin receptor (fold change of 449.5 after taking compound nutrient supplements for 2 weeks). The results of this study provide new clues about the health effects of complex nutrient supplements from the perspective of the urine proteome and help to optimize guidelines and recommendations for the use of complex nutrient supplements.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： To investigate the characteristics of the fungal community and potential key pathogens, ITS rDNA gene amplicon sequencing technology and FUNGuild analysis were used to study the fungal community composition, network characteristics and ecological function groups in rotting tubers of Dioscorea. sp. Additionally, potential pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified. The results were as follows: ( 1 ) In rotting tubers of Dioscorea sp., the dominant phylum was Ascomycota, and prevalent fungal genera included Penicillium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Talaromyces, Clonostachys, etc. The fungal molecular ecological network exhibited a clear modular structure with a high ratio of positive correlation edges (99.33%), suggesting that positive cooperation was strengthen between different fungi. ( 2 ) FUNGuild analysis indicated that 10 guilds were highly correlated with yam tuber rot. Among these guilds, the relative abundances of dung saprotroph-undefined saprotroph-wood saprotroph and endophyte-plant pathogen were 33.74% and 23.64%, respectively, and the representative genera were Penicillium and Colletotrichum, respectively. Additionally, three guilds were related to both plant pathogen and wood saprotroph, and occupied 13.67% of the ecological functional groups. Moreover, Fusarium was representative genus of all three guilds. Traits analysis showed that some fungi (Penicillium, Fusarium, etc.) in the fungal community were probably invovled in yam tuber rot. ( 3 ) A total of 22 strains were isolated and belonged to 6 genera, including Fusarium ( 9 strains ), Penicillium ( 5 strains ) and Aspergillus ( 4 strains ), etc. This study provides an important reference for understanding the pathogenesis of tuber rot in Dioscorea sp., and for the selection of appropriate pesticides and biocontrol microbes.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Diospyros dasyphylla Kurz and Diospyros sumatrana Miq. ( Ebenaceae ) are reported as newly recorded species in China. Their diagnostic characters, habitat and distribution of the two newly recorded species are provided. The endangered category of the two newly recorded species is assessed based on field survey. D. dasyphylla closely resembles D. xylocarpa Y. M. Shui, W. H. Chen & Sima, However, it can be distinguished by its young branchlets and leaves, which are densely covered with yellow-brown hairs. Another distinctive feature of D. dasyphylla is its mature fruit, approximately 6 cm in diameter, accompanied by a fruit calyx measuring 8 mm. D. sumatrana is similar to D. elliptifolia Merr., but differs in its white and urceolate corolla, fruit 2 cm in diameter and erected calyx. The voucher specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany ( IBK ) and Museum of Beijing Forestry University ( BJFC ). These findings provide new basic data for the biodiversity research of Diospyros plants in China.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The green leaves, variegated leaves and yellow leaves of Yulania denudata with variegated leaf were used as experimental materials. The anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics of three types of leaves were compared from the aspects of photosynthetic pigment content, leaf anatomical structure and light response curve, the factor of photosynthetic characteristics of Y. denudata with variegated leaf was revealed from anatomy. The the result of research as follows: (1) The yellow leaf spots of Y. denudata with variegated leaf is chlorophyll-type leaf spots formed by the decrease of chlorophyll content due to the abnormal structure of chloroplasts. (2) The structure of the thylakoids in the yellow region of the flower and leaf Y. denudata with variegated leaf was abnormal, and ATP synthesis was blocked, which hindered the progress of photosynthesis. (3) The anatomical structure showed that the palisade tissue of the green leaf was developed, the chloroplast integrity and pigment content were higher than that of the variegated leaf and the yellow leaf, and the net photosynthetic rate was higher. (4) There was a significant difference in the maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point between the green leaf and the variegated leaf, and the green leaf can withstand a wider range of bright light than the variegated leaf. This study further elucidates that that the chloroplast structure of Y. denudata with variegated leaf affected its photosynthetic characteristics, and the results provided references for the breeding of fine varieties.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to reveal the albino mechanism of gold-coloured mutant leaves of Cyclobalanopsis gilva, a naturally-occurring leaf-color mutant was used as experimental materials, and the metabolome and transcriptome of mutant leaves and normal green leaves were analyzed by UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X and high-throughput RNA sequencing, respectively. The results were as follows: ( 1 ) 257 and 357 significantly changed metabolites ( SCMs ) were respectively identified under the positive ion mode and the negative ion mode. Compared with green leaves, the content of some flavonoids such as quercetin, leucoyanidin, myricetin and their derivatives (pyranodelphinin A, isorhamnetin 3-glucuronide, etc. ) increased significantly in mutant leaves, but the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased significantly. ( 2 ) A total of 4 146 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, of which 1 711 were up-regulated and 2 435 were down-regulated. ( 3 ) KEGG enrichment analysis showed that SCMs and DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis. The research results indicate that inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast developmental abnormalities and promotion of flavonoid synthesis were the main factors driving the golden leaf coloration in the mutant C. gilva. In addition, the genes of the MYB and bHLH families were significantly up-regulated in mutant leaves, confirming these two types of transcription factors were involved in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provided new molecular insights into the phenomenon of leaf etiolation, and also provided reference for exploring leaf color-related functional genes and breeding of landscape plant.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The stability of phyllosphere microbial community is closely related to plant health. In order to understand the microecological characteristics of tobacco leaves infected with wildfire disease, community structure and diversity of phyllosphere microbiome in diseased spots and healthy tissues of tobacco leaves with different degrees of disease using high-throughput sequencing technology in this paper. The results showed that the dominant microorganisms in diseased and healthy tissues were Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, and their relative abundance in diseased tissues was significantly higher than that in healthy tissues. The dominant genera were Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Alternaria, Plectosphaerella and Conocybe, and only the relative abundance of Pseudomonas in diseased tissues was significantly higher than that in healthy tissues. The diversity and richness of bacterial communities in diseased spots were higher than those in healthy tissues, and the diversity index showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing with the increase of the degree of disease, and the richness index showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The richness and diversity index of fungal communities in diseased spots showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the disease degree, and the diversity and richness of fungal communities in diseased spots of mildly and moderately diseased leaves were higher than that in healthy tissues, but the diversity and richness of fungal communities in heavily diseased tissues were lower than those in healthy tissues. Gene functional information and relative abundance of bacteria in diseased spots and healthy tissues are generally similar, primarily related to metabolism, genetic information processing and environmental information processing. The dominant functional taxa of fungi were plant pathogen, animal pathogen-endophyte-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph, undefined saprotroph, wood saprotroph and plant pathogen-wood saprotroph. The results provide a reference for the understanding of evolutionary pattern of tobacco wildfire disease and characterization of the phyllosphere microbial community.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Bacterial wilt is a devastating soil-borne disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production. The pathogenic species are complex and tend to have a variation, while mlo caused by the recessive mutation of MLO genes has a broad-spectrum resistance. The previous study suggested that Slmlo1/6 may be involved in the resistance response to bacterial wilt in tomato. In order to further study the gene function of Slmlo1/6 in tomato bacterial wilt resistance, the genetic mutant plants were created by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and their phenotypes were identified followed. The results were as follows: ( 1 ) First, gRNA sequences of SlMLO1/6 were designed and assembled with the U6 promoters, then U6-gRNA1/6 fragments containing highly effective targets were ligated to CRISPR vector of pBGK via restriction enzyme Bsa I digestion, to construct the two-gene fusion knockout vector of pBGK-SlMLO1/6. The recombinant plasmid of pBGK-SlMLO1/6 was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α competent cells and positive monoclonal clones were selected via plate cultivation. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 strains-mediated genetic transformation and resistance screening to hygromycin, a total of 9 edited tomato plants were obtained with the PCR and sequencing validation. ( 2 ) Target region sequencing showed that M2 and M8 plants had the 177 bp and 7 bp deletion of SlMLO1, respectively, M7 had the 12 bp deletion of SlMLO6, and M9 had a single base T insertion of SlMLO6. Except for 4 single gene homozygous mutants above, the other mutations were heterozygous. ( 3 ) RT-qPCR showed that compared with the wild type plant, SlMLO1/6 gene expression of the mutants was significantly decreased, especially M2, M7, and M8 plants. ( 4 ) Phenotypic identification indicated that SlMLO1/6 may be tomato bacterial wilt susceptibility genes. In a word, the knockout vector is successfully constructed for broad-spectrum resistance MLO genes and tomato transformation is also achieved. Further, a few homozygous gene edited plants acquire resistance to bacterial wilt to some extent. Amino acid deletion and frameshift mutation may be two crucial reasons for the gene function change of Slmlo1/6 in resistance. The results provide a theoretical basis and genetic engineering materials for the gene function study in resistance to bacterial wilt and disease resistance breeding in tomato.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-06-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Wild plants play a pivotal role in people’s daily lives, providing numerous necessities such as food, medicine, and living tools for survival. Zada County, located in the southwestern part of Ngari Prefecture (མངའ་རི, mngav-ri) , Xizang Autonomous Region of China, bordering India, serves as an important gateway for China’s access to South Asia. This region used to engage in prosperous and lively border trade. Characterized by a plateau sub-frigid arid climate, characterized by low annual average temperature, low oxygen concentration, cold winters, and cool summers. The Zang People here has amassed rich traditional knowledge on the utilization of wild plants in adapting to harsh environments. To comprehensively and systematically investigate, document, and study the traditional knowledge of the Zang People in Zada County on the utilization of wild plants, an ethnobotanical investigation methods were adopted. The research involved interviews with 173 informants, recording 3 639 utilization reports (URs), and conducting quantitative analyses using UV, CV, and CII metrics. The results were as follows: (1) The Zang People in Zada County possesses extensive traditional knowledge on the utilization of wild plants, employing 119 species belonging to 40 families and 83 genera. (2) The utilization categories of wild plants in this area are diverse, with 8 utilization categories, and multiple plants possessing two or more uses simultaneously. (3) The most significant plants in people’s lives are Carum carvi (UV=1.220), Artemisia stracheyi (UV=0.919), Rheum acuminatum (UV=0.890), Cupressus sp. (UV=0.769), and Urtica dioica (UV=0.757). Theses plants are intimately connected to the lives of the local Zang People and are deeply loved by them. (4) The intricate and diverse plateau environment significantly influences the utilization of wild plants in this region. This research not only comprehensively and systematically documents the utilization knowledge and characteristics of wild plants in Zada County, but also provides evidence for the further exploration and rational utilization of local plant resources, contributing to the sustainable development of the region. At the same time, it also helps to promote the inheritance and promotion of traditional knowledge, contributing to the prosperity of local culture. In addition, this research has positive implications for biodiversity conservation, helping to raise public awareness and protection consciousness towards biodiversity, and promoting the balance and harmonious development of the ecosystem.
Subjects: Biology >> Biological Evolution submitted time 2024-05-31
Abstract： Within the dicynodont genus Turfanodon, there are two recognized species, T.bogdaensis and T. jiufengensis. Both species are known by relatively complete cranial materials, but the mandibles and most postcranial bones have been described only for T. jiufengensis. This paper reports new dicynodont specimens from Turpan, Xinjiang, referring them to T. bogdaensis. They can clearly be differentiated from T. jiufengensis by the flatter lateral surface of the snout region, a prominent swelling on the lateral dentary shelf, and the rounded femoral head. The diagnosis of Turfanodon is revised. The combination of a flat circumorbital rim, posterior portion of anterior pterygoid rami with converging ventral ridges, and a possible autapomorphy, a deep notch on scapula forming procoracoid foramen, are confirmed. It also differentiated from all dicynodonts other than Myosaurus, Kembawacela and Lystrosaurus by having accessory ridges lateral to the median palatal ridge.
Subjects: Biology >> Molecular Biology submitted time 2024-05-24
Abstract： Differential and even opposing functions of two major antioxidant transcription factors Nrf1 and Nrf2 (encoded by Nfe2l1 and Nfe2l2, respectively) are determined by distinctions in their tempospatial positioning, topological repartitioning, proteolytic processing, and biochemical modification, as well as in their shared evolutionary origin. As a matter of fact, the allelopathic potentials of Nrf1 and Nrf2 (both resembling two entangled ‘Yin-Yang’ quanta that comply with a dialectic law of the unity of opposites) are fulfilled to coordinately control redox physiological homeostasis so as to be maintained within the presetting thresholds. By putative exponential curves of redox stress and intrinsic anti-redox capability, there is inferable to exist a set point at approaching zero with the ‘Golden Mean’ for the healthy survival (i.e., dubbed the ‘zero theory’). A bulk of the hitherto accumulating evidence demonstrates that the set point of redox homeostasis is dictated selectively by multi-hierarchical threshold settings, in which the living fossil-like Nrf1 acts as a robust indispensable determinon, whereas Nrf2 serves as a versatile chameleon-like master regulon, in governing the redox homeodynamic ranges. This is attributable to the facts that Nrf2 has exerted certain ‘double-edged sword’ effects on life process, whereas Nrf1 executes its essential physiobiological functions, along with unique pathophysiological phenotypes, by integrating its ‘three-in-one’ roles elicited as a specific triplet of direct sensor, transducer and effector within multi-hierarchical stress responsive signaling to redox metabolism and target gene reprogramming. Here, we also critically reviewed redox regulation of physio-pathological functions from the eco-evo-devo perspectives, through those coding rules (redox code, stress-coping code, and topogenetic code). The evolving concepts on stress and redox stress were also further revisited by scientific principles of physics and chemistry, apart from two novel concepts of ‘oncoprotists’ and ‘reverse central dogma’ being introduced in this interdisciplinary and synthetic review.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Rock outcrop is a typical feature of karst ecosystem, on which there are complex microhabitats and various colonized plants, but the relationship between these plants and microhabitats is not clear. Taking a tropical seasonal humid forest in Xishuangbanna as the research object in this study, we measured the morphological characteristics and external environmental factors of 586 microhabitats on rock outcrops surface. All colonized vascular species on these microhabitats were identified and counted. Then, Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to reveal the relationship between microhabitats (including morphological characteristics and environmental factors) and vascular plants richness. The results were as follows: (1) In tropical karst forest, the microhabitat characteristic such as soil depth [(4.92±4.00)] cm and area [(532.28±1 575.10) cm2] have great variability. (2) A total of 1 518 individuals of 90 species belonging to 82 genera and 44 families were recorded in all microhabitats, and karst preferent species that dominants on limestone accounted for 35.6%. (3) The area size and soil depth of microhabitat can explain more than 70% of species composition and colonized plants richness in RDA model. (4) The species-area relationship between the richness of the colonized plants and the area of rock outcrops microhabitats shows an obvious exponential decay. In conclusion, microhabitats on rock outcrops in the tropical karst forest is highly heterogeneous, the area size and soil depth are the key factors affecting plant colonization, and the species-area relationship dominates the species richness pattern on rock outcrops microhabitats.
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