分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-17 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 随着人类活动和全球气候变化的加剧，生物物种正在加速灭绝。植物迁地保护是植 物多样性保护的重要方式，也是国家植物园体系建设的核心任务。然而，有关植物迁地保护、 珍稀濒危植物的概念和范围、以及我国植物迁地保护的目标等问题仍存在争议。该文论述了 植物迁地保护的概念和我国珍稀濒危植物界定范围，讨论了最新中国生物多样性红色名录 （高等植物卷）中受威胁种类、国家重点保护野生植物和极小种群野生植物之间的关系、以 及我国植物迁地保护的任务和目标，剖析了当前我国植物迁地保护有效性、迁地保护物种的 信息档案记录、以及国家植物园体系建设与管理等方面存在的问题，并提出了具体建议。该 文可为我国植物迁地保护提供理论参考。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-17 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 玉叶金花属（Mussaenda L.）种间变异式样复杂，属内杂交现象突出，其分类一直 备受争议，为探索玉叶金花属及其近缘属裂果金花属（Schizomussaenda Li）、假玉叶金花 属（Psudomussaenda Wernham）叶脉序特征在属间及种间分类学意义，从而为其作为药用 以及园林植物资源的鉴定、开发利用提供依据，该研究采用清净法制作叶脉标本，观察了 22 种该类群的叶脉序特征，基于叶脉序特征进行了聚类分析，并编制了分种检索表。结果 表明：（1）玉叶金花属及其近缘属叶脉序特征具有一致性，一级脉都为羽状脉，间二级脉 频度均为每个脉间区少于一条，粗二级脉与中脉夹角均为锐角，三级脉多为贯穿型，脉间 区排列均不规则。（2）属间或属内种间有分类学价值的叶脉序特征为粗二级脉脉序类型、 粗二级脉与中脉夹角、粗二级脉间距、粗二级脉与中脉连接方式、间二级脉及近缘二级脉 的存在与否、三级脉贯穿类型、四级脉类型、游离端小脉分支情况、脉间区发育情况。（3） 聚类分析显示该类群聚为12 支，聚类分析中，裂果金花属及假玉叶金花属嵌入玉叶金花属 内，显示了较近的亲缘关系。综上可知，玉叶金花属及其近缘类群的叶脉序特征可以为其 分类提供新的研究资料。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-17 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为探究器官镉(Cd)积累对艾纳香内生菌的影响，该文采用16S rRNA 基因高通量 测序技术结合分子生态网络分析，研究不同外源镉处理(0、2.0 mg·kg-1)下艾纳香根、茎、 叶Cd 积累对内生菌群落结构特征的影响。结果表明：(1)与未添加外源Cd(0 mg·kg-1，Cd0) 相比，Cd(2.0 mg·kg-1，Cd2)处理促进植株生长且根、茎、叶中Cd 积累量为叶(16.75 mg·kg- 1)>茎(11.99 mg·kg-1)>根(3.96 mg·kg-1)。(2)内生菌α多样性分析表明，各器官内生菌丰富度 (Sobs 指数，Ace 指数和Chao 指数)和多样性(Shannon 指数和Simpson 指数)均以根最高， 茎次之，叶最低且Cd2 处理各器官内生菌丰富度和多样性均高于Cd0 处理。(3)在门水平上， 两处理根、茎、叶内生菌均以变形菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门为优势菌群；在属水平上， 代尔夫特菌是Cd0 和Cd2 处理各器官的主要菌属， 相对丰度分别为53.0%~92.7%和 57.1%~89.2%；艾纳香根、茎、叶内生菌群落结构有一定的相似性，Cd2 处理提高根、茎、 叶共有内生菌属的比例及各器官(根除外)独有内生菌属比例。(4)LDA Effect Size 分析表明， 相同处理不同器官间及不同处理相同器官间内生菌属存在差异。(5)冗余分析(RDA)发现， 根际土壤Cd、器官Cd 含量与内生菌群落结构组成有明显的相关性。(6)共发生网络分析结 果显示，Cd 积累使艾纳香根、叶内生菌共发生网络变得复杂且增强根、茎物种间的竞争作 用和叶物种间的协同共生作用。综上所述，外源Cd 处理影响艾纳香各器官内生菌群落结 构及相互作用模式。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-17 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 蒟蒻薯属(Tacca)植物的分类一直存在很大的争议，其中广西裂果薯(Schizocapsa guangxiensis)被认为应与裂果薯(Tacca plantanginea)归并为同一物种，但也有学者根据它们 的形态差异划分为不同的物种。为了明确广西裂果薯与裂果薯的遗传差异和系统发育关系， 本研究对广西裂果薯进行DNA 高通量测序，利用生物信息软件组装了完整的叶绿体基因 组，并与已发表的裂果薯叶绿体基因组进行比较及系统发育分析。结果表明：(1)广西裂果 薯和裂果薯的叶绿体基因组大小分别为162 149 bp 和160 749 bp，GC 含量都是36.90%， 两者注释后得到的基因种类和基因数目完全一致，包含89 个蛋白质编码基因、37 个tRNA 基因、6 个rRNA 基因。(2)密码子的偏好性分析显示，两物种使用的密码子频率存在一定 的差异，但是都偏好以A/T(U)结尾的密码子。(3)与裂果薯相比，广西裂果薯的SSC 边界 发生明显的扩张现象，是导致两者叶绿体基因组长度差异的主要因素。(4)广西裂果薯与裂 果薯在LSC 和SSC 区域内存在一些序列分歧，尤其是基因间隔区，可用于开发物种特异性 分子标记。(5)系统发育结果显示，广西裂果薯与裂果薯的亲缘关系较远，尽管广西裂果薯 寄定在蒟蒻薯属内，但是它们属于两个不同的物种。该研究丰富了广西裂果薯叶绿体基因 组遗传信息，为广西裂果薯物种分类、遗传多样性分析和物种保护提供了理论依据。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-17 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 叶片是暴露在外界环境条件下最大且可塑性较敏感的营养器官。为探讨生境干旱化 对湿地植物叶片解剖结构的影响，该文以青藏苔草（Carex moorcroftii）叶片为研究对象， 沿生境干旱化梯度设置样地，分析青藏苔草叶片解剖结构对生境干旱化的响应。结果表明： （1）叶尖和叶基部位远轴面的表皮细胞、泡状细胞和气腔面积，叶基部位的叶片厚度和机 械组织厚度均与土壤体积含水率显著正相关（R2 = 0.06~0.34, P<0.01）；叶尖、叶中和叶 基部位近轴面角质层厚度、细胞面积、维管束数量，叶中部位维管束直径均与土壤体积含水 率显著负相关（R2 = 0.08~0.53, P<0.01）。（2）青藏苔草叶片解剖结构具有较大的可塑性 （0.53~0.94）和变异性（18%~63%），泡状细胞、气腔、近轴面表皮细胞的可塑性和变异 性最大，叶基解剖结构可塑性指数与变异系数显著高于叶尖和叶中部位（P<0.05）。当生境 干旱化时，青藏苔草叶片近轴面角质层加厚、表皮细胞面积增大、气腔面积减小、分化出泡 状细胞等特征适应干旱生境，主要采取保护型和节约型策略适应干旱生境。该研究结果有助 于揭示青藏苔草叶片解剖结构应对干旱生境的响应策略，为高寒草甸的保护和植被恢复提供 理论参考。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-17 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 红树林具有较高的光合速率和较低的光补偿点，表现出较高的总初级生产力（gross primary production，GPP），是“蓝碳”重要组成。准确估算区域红树林生态系统GPP 并量 化其限制因素贡献对我国实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。该文利用Sentinel-2 影像和环境 因子数据，基于红树植被光合作用光利用效率模型估算了2016—2020 年海南岛红树林生态 系统GPP，并探究其时空分布格局及形成机制。结果表明：（1）研究期间内，海南岛红树 林生态系统年GPP 呈现出增长趋势，东部高于西部，北部高于南部；（2）在形成机制上， 海南岛红树林生态系统GPP 时空分布格局受到多气象因素综合影响，年内季节性上GPP 在 “旱→雨”过渡期随着空气温度（air temperature，Tair）的限制降低、光合有效辐射 （photosynthetically active radiation，PAR）与海水温度的促进作用，展现出较高的GPP；旱 季中期Tair 低，对GPP 限制严重，但随着纬度的降低，Tair 限制的程度被减弱；雨季则由于 较高的云覆盖，使得PAR 成为GPP 的限制因素。该研究结果为评估区域红树林对于全球碳 循环的贡献提供基础数据，为揭示影响红树林生态系统碳动态的关键环境因素提供理论支 撑。
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 >> 应用植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-17 合作期刊: 《广西植物》
摘要： 为探究西南牡蒿的（Artemisia parviflora）叶绿体基因组结构特征及其系统位置， 该研究利用高通量测序技术对其进行测序，并借助生物信息学工具进行分析。结果表明：（1） 西南牡蒿叶绿体基因组长151 047 bp，呈现为由四部分组成的环状双链结构，GC 含量为 37.5%。（2）共注释115 个基因，包括81 个蛋白编码基因、4 个rRNA 基因及30 个tRNA 基因。（3）检测到68 个简单重复序列（SSRs）和37 个长重复序列。（4）西南牡蒿叶绿 体基因组的密码子使用偏性较弱，其主要受自然选择的影响，高频密码子偏向以A/U 结尾。 （5）西南牡蒿叶绿体基因组的IR 区未出现明显的扩张或收缩；筛选出了trnH–psbA、 rpl16–rps3、ycf15–trnL-UAG、ndhA 和ycf1 5 个高变异区域，可作为鉴定龙蒿亚属植物的潜 在分子标记。（6）系统发育分析揭示了西南牡蒿在龙蒿亚属中的系统位置及蒿属内各亚属 的系统发育关系。该研究为蒿属植物后续的分子标记开发和系统发育研究奠定了基础。
分类： 生物学 >> 生态学 提交时间： 2024-04-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Land use change affects the balance of organic carbon (C) reserves and the global C cycle. Microbial residues are essential constituents of stable soil organic C (SOC). However, it remains unclear how microbial residue changes over time following afforestation. In this study, 16-, 23-, 52-, and 62-year-old Mongolian pine stands and 16-year-old cropland were studied in the Horqin Sandy Land, China. We analyzed changes in SOC, amino sugar content, and microbial parameters to assess how microbial communities influence soil C transformation and preservation. The results showed that SOC storage increased with stand age in the early stage of afforestation but remained unchanged at about 1.27−1.29 kg/m2 after 52 a. Moreover, there were consistent increases in amino sugars and microbial residues with increasing stand age. As stand age increased from 16 to 62 a, soil pH decreased from 6.84 to 5.71, and the concentration of total amino sugars increased from 178.53 to 509.99 mg/kg. A significant negative correlation between soil pH and the concentration of specific and total amino sugars was observed, indicating that the effects of soil acidification promote amino sugar stabilization during afforestation. In contrast to the Mongolian pine plantation of the same age, the cropland accumulated more SOC and microbial residues because of fertilizer application. Across Mongolian pine plantation with different ages, there was no significant change in calculated contribution of bacterial or fungal residues to SOC, suggesting that fungi were consistently the dominant contributors to SOC with increasing time. Our results indicate that afforestation in the Horqin Sandy Land promotes efficient microbial growth and residue accumulation in SOC stocks and has a consistent positive impact on SOC persistence.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： Vegetation restoration and reconstruction are effective approaches to desertification control and achieving social and economic sustainability in desert areas. However, the self-succession ability of native plants during the later periods of vegetation restoration remains unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating the regeneration dynamics of artificial forest under natural conditions. The information of seed rain and soil seed bank was collected and quantified from an artificial Caragana korshinskii Kom. forest in the Tengger Desert, China. The germination tests were conducted in a laboratory setting. The analysis of species quantity and diversity in seed rain and soil seed bank was conducted to assess the impact of different durations of sand fixation (60, 40, and 20 a) on the progress of vegetation restoration and ecological conditions in artificial C. korshinskii forest. The results showed that the top three dominant plant species in seed rain were Echinops gmelinii Turcz., Eragrostis minor Host., and Agropyron mongolicum Keng., and the top three dominant plant species in soil seed bank were E. minor, Chloris virgata Sw., and E. gmelinii. As restoration period increased, the density of seed rain and soil seed bank increased first and then decreased. While for species richness, as restoration period increased, it gradually increased in seed rain but decreased in soil seed bank. There was a positive correlation between seed rain density and soil seed bank density among all the three restoration periods. The species similarity between seed rain or soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation decreased with the extension of restoration period. The shape of the seeds, specifically those with external appendages such as spines and crown hair, clearly had an effect on their dispersal, then resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank. In addition, precipitation was a crucial factor in promoting rapid germination, also resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank. Our findings provide valuable insights for guiding future interventions during the later periods of artificial C. korshinskii forest, such as sowing and restoration efforts using unmanned aerial vehicles.
分类： 生物学 >> 植物学 提交时间： 2024-04-15 合作期刊: 《干旱区科学》
摘要： The maintenance of sand-fixing vegetation is important for the stability of artificial sand-fixing systems in which seed dispersal plays a key role. Based on field wind tunnel experiments using 11 common plant species on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, China, we studied the secondary seed dispersal in the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes as well as in the mobile dunes in order to understand the limitations of vegetation regeneration and the maintenance of its stability. Our results indicated that there were significant variations among the selected 11 plant species in the threshold of wind speed (TWS). The TWS of Caragana korshinskii was the highest among the 11 plant species, whereas that of Echinops gmelinii was the lowest. Seed morphological traits and underlying surface could generally explain the TWS. During the secondary seed dispersal processes, the proportions of seeds that did not disperse (no dispersal) and only dispersed over short distance (short-distance dispersal within the wind tunnel test section) were significantly higher than those of seeds that were buried (including lost seeds) and dispersed over long distance (long-distance dispersal beyond the wind tunnel test section). Compared with other habitats, the mobile dunes were the most difficult places for secondary seed dispersal. Buried seeds were the easiest to be found in the semi-fixed sand dunes, whereas fixed sand dunes were the best sites for seeds that dispersed over long distance. The results of linear mixed models showed that after controlling the dispersal distance, smaller and rounder seeds dispersed farther. Shape index and wind speed were the two significant influencing factors on the burial of seeds. The explanatory power of wind speed, underlying surface, and seed morphological traits on the seeds that did not disperse and dispersed over short distance was far greater than that on the seeds that were buried and dispersed over long distance, implying that the processes and mechanisms of burial and long-distance dispersal are more complex. In summary, most seeds in the study area either did not move, were buried, or dispersed over short distance, promoting local vegetation regeneration.
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