Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同比例全株玉米青贮饲粮对生长猪生产性能、养分利用、血液学指标和血清氧化应激指标的影响。选取胎次、体重[（33.16±3.49） kg]相近的生长猪（杜×长×大）32头，随机分为4组，每组8个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，营养水平参照NY/T 65-2004中瘦肉型猪饲养标准供给，试验组分别饲喂含20%、30%和40%全株玉米青贮的试验饲粮，上述4种饲粮养分含量（干物质基础）差异不显著（P>0.05），粗纤维含量依次为3.0%、3.5%、4.0%和4.5%。试验猪单独饲养于代谢笼中，预试期7 d，正试期42 d。结果显示：随着饲粮中全株玉米青贮比例的增加，生长猪的末重、平均日增重、养分（干物质、有机质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和总能）表观消化率、蛋白质生物学价值、净蛋白质利用率、总能代谢率、血红蛋白浓度和血清铜蓝蛋白含量呈线性降低（P0.05），但40%全株玉米青贮组的末重、平均日增重、养分表观消化率、血液血红蛋白浓度和血清铜蓝蛋白含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。由此得出，全株玉米青贮可用于生长猪低营养水平饲粮的配制，使用比例为20%~30%时能保障生产性能，并可改善健康状况。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在比较不同品种类型玉米（Zea mays）不同器官和全株的生物产量，以提高玉米定向培育的选择效率。选择32种具有代表性的玉米优良品种为试验材料，根据淀粉性质、籽实外形、成熟性质和用途4种分类方法，分别对完熟期玉米的籽实、玉米芯、苞叶、叶片、叶鞘、茎秆及全株的鲜物质、风干物质、干物质以及粗蛋白质和总能产量进行比较。每个品种选择5个地块，每个地块选取10株玉米。结果表明：玉米的籽实、玉米芯、苞叶、叶片、叶鞘、茎秆和全株的鲜物质、风干物质、干物质、粗蛋白质和总能产量不同品种类型间差异均显著（P0.05）。按用途分类，不同品种类型玉米不同器官和全株生物产量（玉米籽实的风干物质、干物质和总能产量除外）均差异显著（P红粒玉米>普通玉米>糯玉米。对广泛种植的普通玉米和饲用玉米进行比较，以普通玉米产量为100.0%，饲用玉米籽实、玉米芯、苞叶、叶片、叶鞘、茎秆和全株的鲜物质产量分别为121.9%、164.2%、175.5%、149.0%、151.7%、168.8%和149.9%；风干物质产量分别为107.9%、143.7%、155.1%、139.4%、126.1%、162.0%和129.1%；干物质产量分别为107.5%、143.4%、155.0%、139.5%、125.7%、162.0%和129.21%；粗蛋白质产量分别为119.0%、142.9%、181.5%、161.6%、122.0%、137.4%和131.7%；总能产量分别为107.7%、143.8%、155.0%、139.4%、126.1%、162.0%和129.1%。玉米籽实干物质、粗蛋白质和总能产量占玉米全株的比例，普通玉米分别为47.75%、57.87%和48.49%，饲用玉米分别为39.72%、52.36%和40.48%。由此得出，普通玉米全株饲喂，是“粮改饲”的最基本的策略，而饲用玉米籽实和全株生物产量都高于普通玉米，种植饲用玉米可以增加30%左右的土地利用。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)污染饲粮对断奶小母猪卵巢指数及孕激素受体的阳性分布和mRNA表达量的影响。选择40头25~28日龄健康三元杂交（杜×长×大）断奶小母猪按平均体重[（14.01±0.86） kg]随机分为4个组，采用单笼饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg的ZEA，4个组ZEA的测定值分别为0、（0.52±0.07）、（1.04±0.03）和（1.51±0.13） mg/kg。预饲10 d，正试期35 d。结果表明：随着饲粮ZEA水平的升高，断奶小母猪卵巢指数呈一次线性升高（P<0.01）；1.0 mg/kg ZEA组的卵巢指数显著高于1.5 mg/kg ZEA组（P<0.05），1.5 mg/kg ZEA组的卵巢指数显著高于0.5 mg/kg ZEA组和对照组（P<0.05）。随着饲粮ZEA水平的升高，断奶小母猪卵巢孕激素受体累积光密度（IOD）和mRNA相对表达量均呈一次线性升高（P<0.01）；1.5 mg/kg ZEA组的孕激素受体IOD和mRNA相对表达量显著高于1.0 mg/kg ZEA组（P<0.05），1.0 mg/kg ZEA组又显著高于0.5 mg/kg ZEA组和对照组（P<0.05）。免疫组化结果显示断奶小母猪卵巢中孕激素受体免疫阳性物质主要分布于原始卵泡和生长卵泡的卵母细胞及颗粒细胞、卵泡膜细胞及血管壁细胞。随着饲粮ZEA水平的升高和卵泡闭锁程度的增加，免疫阳性反应明显增强，但卵巢内孕激素受体免疫阳性物质的分布位置没有因ZEA的水平发生明显改变。由此可见，ZEA（1.0～1.5 mg/kg）可以通过调控断奶小母猪卵巢中孕激素受体的高水平表达，使孕激素受体的水平超出正向调节卵泡生长的限值，从而促使卵泡闭锁，降低卵巢指数，改变卵巢发育，进而影响断奶小母猪生殖系统的健康。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract： The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of zearalenone on ovary index, distribution and mRNA expression of progesterone receptors in ovaries of weaned gilts. Forty healthy weaned piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large White) aged of 25 to 28 days were allocated into 4 groups according to the average body weight [(14.01 ± 0.86) kg]. Animals were fed individually in a metabolic cage for 35 days after 10 days adaptation. Piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet, and in experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg ZEA, respectively. The analyzed ZEA levels in four groups were 0, （0.52±0.07）, （1.04±0.03） and （1.51±0.13） mg/kg. The results indicated that ovary index showed a linear increase (P<0.01) with the ZEA level increasing in the diet of weaned gilts. The ovary index in 1.0 mg/kg ZEA group was significantly higher than that in 1.5 mg/kg ZEA group (P<0.05), and the ovary index in 1.5 mg/kg ZEA group was significantly higher than that in 0.5 mg/kg ZEA group and the control group (P<0.05). The integrated optical density (IOD) and mRNA relative expression of progesterone receptors in ovaries of weaned gilts showed a linear increase (P<0.01) with the ZEA level increasing in the diet of weaned gilts. The IOD and mRNA relative expression of progesterone receptors in 1.5 mg/kg ZEA group was significantly higher than that in 1.0 mg/kg ZEA group, and the IOD and mRNA relative expression of progesterone receptors in 1.0 mg/kg ZEA group was significantly higher than that in 0.5 mg/kg ZEA group and the control group (P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the immunoreactive substance of progesterone receptors in ovaries was mainly distributed in oocytes and granulosa cells, theca cells and vascular wall cells of primordial follicles and growing follicles. With the increase of ZEA level and the degree of follicular atresia, immunoreactivity was significantly enhanced. There was no significant change in the distribution of immunoreactive substance of progesterone receptors in the ovary, due to the presence of ZEA. Thus it can be seen that ZEA (1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg) in feed changes the development of ovary by up-regulating the expression of progesterone receptors. The levels of progesterone receptors exceed the limit of positive regulation of follicular growth, thus promoting follicular atresia, reducing the ovary index, and then the healthy of reproductive system is affected.
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